人教版高一英语必修一单元知识点总结

人教版高一英语必修一单元知识点总结人教版高一英语必修一单元学问点总结

Unit1friendship目标话题Friendsandfriendship同意和不同意Iagree.Yes,IthinksoSodoIMetoo.目标功能ExactlyNoproblemSure.Certainly.Ofcourse.Allright.Noway.直接引语和间接引语:陈述句和疑问句1.陈述句“Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary”saidAnne.目标构造Annesaidthatshedidn’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.2.一般疑问句“Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson?”thewriterasksusThewriterasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.

Unit2Englisharoundtheworld目标话题Englishlanguageanditsdevelopment语言交际困难Pardon?Ibegyourpardon?Idon’tunderstand.目标功能Couldyousaythatagain,please?Sorry,Ican’tfollowyou.直接引语和间接引语:恳求与命令“Lookatthisexample.”TheteachersaidtouaTheteachertoldustolookatthatexample.目标构造“wouldyouliketoseemyflat”sheaskedSheaskedmetoseeherflat.

Unit3traveljournal目标话题Travlling,describingajourney1.争论将来的规划Whenareyouleaving?Whereareyoustaying?Howareyougoingto?Howlongareyoustayingin….?目标功能2.祝福和告辞Haveanice/goodtime!Haveanice/goodtrip/journey!Takecarehavefun!Bestwishes.Sayhelloto……现在进展时表将来Wherearewegoing?目标构造Whenareweleaving?Whenarewecomingback?

Unit4earthquakes目标话题Basicknowledgeaboutearthquakes.谈论过去的经受Itwasterriblewhen……Itseemedasif…目标功能Iremember……Ifelt……Nolongerafterthat……Luckily……定语从句目标构造关系代词that,which,whose,who,whom引导的从句.如:ThisisthegirlthatIteach.Unit5目标话题Thequalitiesofagreatperson1.willingadj:desiringtodowhatiswanted;2.notobjectingeg.Theyarewillingtocome.eg.Heiswillingtodothejobwithoutpayment.’3.prisonn:buildingforconfiningpersonconvicted目标功能oraccusedofacrimeeg.Hewassenttoprisonfordamagingpublicproperty.词组beinprison在狱中，eg.Heisnowstillinprison.put/throwsbintoprison把某人投入监狱Thetwonoblemenput/threwDr.Manetteintoprisonwithoutmercy.1.advisev:suggesteg.Weadvisedherthatshe(should)wait.这个词跟suggest都表示建议之义，但要表示建议某人做某事只能用advisesbtodosth,不能用suggestsbtodosthadvise,suggest后接宾语从句时,要用虚拟语气。目标构造其名词形式为advice,是一个不行数名词,要表达一条建议只能说成apieceofadvice2.equaladj:thesameinnumber,quality,size,etceg.Everybodyhadanequalchance.beequalto，befitfor胜任eg.Heisnotequaltothejob

扩展阅读：高一英语必修一学问点总结(家教)

高一英语各单元学问点总结及重难点解析Unit1-2

☆重点句型☆

1.Whatshouldafriendbelike?询问对方的看法2.Ithinkhe/sheshouldbe表示个人观点的词语

3.Ienjoyreading/I“mfondofsinging/Ilikeplayingcomputergames.等表示喜好的词语4.Chuckisonaflightwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.“when“作并列连词的用法

5.What/Who/When/Whereisitthat...?强调句的特别疑问句构造

6.WithsomanypeoplecommunicatinginEnglisheveryday,...“with+宾语+宾补”的构造做状语

7.Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...?带连接副词(或代词)的不定式做宾补的用法☆重点词汇☆1.especiallyv.特殊地2.imaginev.想像

3.aloneadv./adj.单独，孤独的4.interestn.兴趣

5.everydayadj.每天的，日常的6.desertedadj.抛弃的7.huntv.搜寻8.sharev.共享

9.carev.在乎，关怀10.totaln.总数

11.majorityn.大多数12.survivev.生存，活下来13.adventuren.冒险14.scaredadj.吓坏的15.admitv.成认

16.whileconj.但是，而17.boringadj.令人厌烦的18.exceptprep.除之外19.qualityn.质量

20.favouriteadj.最宠爱的☆重点短语☆1.befondof爱好

2.treatas把看作为

3.makefriendswith与交朋友

4.arguewithsb.about/oversth.与某人争辩某事5.huntfor查找6.inorderto为了

7.sharewith与共享8.bringin引进；赚钱

9.agreat/goodmany很多10.havedifficulty(in)doing做有困难11.endupwith以完毕12.exceptfor除之外13.comeabout发生14.make(a)fire生火

15.makeyourselfathome别拘束16.themajorityof大多数17.dropsb.aline给某人写短信18.forthefirsttime第一次19.atall根本；竟然

20.havea(good)knowledgeof精通☆短语闯关☆

以下短语都是这两个单元学过的重要短语，请你依据汉语在横线上填人一个正确的词，每个词4分，80分才能过关，你肯定能过关，做好了闯关的预备吗?那么我们就开头吧?l.befond____喜爱，爱好of

2.hunt____搜寻。寻找，查找o____为了order

4.care____担忧，关怀about5.such____例如，诸如as

6.dropsba____给某人写信(通常指写短信)line7.makeoneselfat____别客气home8.____total总共in

9.except____除了之外for10.stay____不睡，熬夜up11.____about发生come12.end____with以告终up13.bring____引进，引来in

14.agreat____许很多多，极多many

15.be____对深感兴趣，深深迷上into16.____theInternet上网surf

17.____classes逃学，逃课skip

18.get____聚会，相聚，聚拢together19.beproud____为感到傲慢of20.keepan____on照看，留意eye21.becurious____对感到奇怪about22.shut____(使)住口up23.joke____开玩笑about24.____thenameof以名义in25.____thetime总是，始终all☆交际用语☆1.Ithink…

Ilike/love/hate...Ienjoy...

Myinterestsare...2.Didyouhaveagoodflight?

Youmustbeverytired.Justmakeyourselfathome.Ibegyourpardon?

Canyoutellmehowtopronounce...?Getit.

☆单词聚焦☆

1.arguev.的用法

▲构词：argumentn.1.[C]争辩2.[U]争论．辩论3.[C]论据▲搭配：

①arguewith/againstsb.over/on/aboutsth.与某人争辩某事②arguefor/againststh.辩论赞成／反对某事

③arguethat...主见，认为，争论说

④arguesbinto/outofdoingsth.说服某人做／不做某事

▲友情提示：“说服某人做／不做某事”还可表达为：talk/persuade/o/outofdoingsth.

⑤settletheargument解决争端

▲友情提示：anargumentwithsbabout/oversth.为某事和某人而发生的争吵

【考例】Whatlaughing____wehadaboutthesociallyrespectablemethodformovingspaghetti(意大利式细面条)fromplatetomouth.(201*全国卷I)A.speechesB.lessonsC.sayingsD.arguments[考察目标]argue名词形式的词义。

[答案与解析]Dargument的词义是“争论，辩论”。2.comparev.的用法

▲构词：comparisonn.比拟

▲搭配：①compare...to...比较；比作②compare...with/to...将和相比拟③comparenotes对笔记；交换意见

【考例】____withthesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(201*湖北)

A.CompareB.WhencomparingC.ComparingD.Whencompared[考察目标]compare的用法。

[答案与解析]D本句compare用在句首作状语，并有“被比拟”的意思。3.considerv.的用法

▲构词：considerationn.考虑，思索；体谅，顾及

▲搭配：①considerdoingsth.考虑做某事②considersb(tobe/as)...认为／觉得某人③considerthat-clause认为④takesthintoconsideration考虑⑤underconsideration在考虑中

【考例】CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered____thefirstcomputer.(NMET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

[考察目标]consider的几种常见用法。

[答案与解析]Cconsider本身是被动语态时，后接不定式的各种构造。假如表示已经发生的事情．用不定式的完成形式。4.desertedadj.空无一人的；被遗弃的；被抛弃的

(1)空无一人的adesertedstreet/area空无一人的街道，地区；Theofficewasquitedeserted.办公室里空无一人。

(2)被遗弃的adesertedchild被遗弃的孩子(3)desert[“dezot]n.沙漠

desert[dI“zo:t]vt.丢弃；遗弃

Hedesertedhiswifeandchildrenafterbecomingrich.

5.difficultyn.

(1)difficulty(通常作复数)难事，难点，难题Shemetwithmanydifficultieswhentravelling.(2)在以下句型中，difficulty是不行数名词，不能用复数形式。have(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.干某事有困难

thereis(some)difficulty(in)doingsth.have(some)difficultywithsth.在某事上有困难

thereis(some)difficultywithsth.

dosth.withdifficulty/withoutdifficulty困难地／轻而易举地做某事Wehadalotofdifficultyinfindingyourhouse.DoyouhaveanydifficultywithyourEnglish?

【留意】

(1)以上句型中，difficulty前可加some,little,much,alotof,no,any修饰(2)以上句型中，亦可用trouble来代替difficulty。6.favourite=favorite(A.E)最宠爱的；最宠爱的人或事物(1)adj.最宠爱的Myfavoritesportisplayingfootball.

(2)n.[C]最宠爱的人或事物Heisafavoritewithhisuncle.7.fun的用法

▲构词：funnyadj.好玩的．滑稽的，好笑的；奇怪的，奇怪的

▲搭配：

①makefunof取笑；嘲弄；开某人的玩笑

②(just)for/infun=(just)forthefunofit取乐，非仔细地，说／做着玩的③befulloffun很好玩

④havefunwithsb.和某人开一个玩笑

⑤have(some)fun玩得(很)快乐，玩得(很)快乐

⑥It“s(great)funtodosth干某事很好玩；干某事真是一件趣事；干某事真快乐⑦Whatfun(itis)todosth!干某事多么好玩呀!⑧havealotoffundoingsth干某事玩得很快乐

【考例】(200上海春招)Thisisnotamatch.We“replay-ingchessjustfor____.A.habitB.hobbyC.funD.game[考察目标]fun构成的短语forfun的意思。

[答案与解析]C，forfun常在句中用作状语，意思是“说／做着玩的”。8.imagine的用法

▲构词：①imaginationn.[C/U]想像，想像力，想像的事物②imaginativeadj.富有想像力的

▲搭配：①imaginesth/doingsth②beyond(all)imagination(完全)出乎意料地【考例】IcanhardlyimaginePeter___acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.(MET1991)A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed[考察目标]imagine的根本用法。

[答案与解析]Cimagine后接动词的-ing形式，本句的Peter是这个动名词的规律主语。9.interest的用法

interestvt.使感兴趣n.兴趣，爱好[U]利息；利润Hehasagreatinterestinpolitics.他对政治极感兴趣。/abroadinterest广泛的利益/acommoninterest共同的利益/astronginterest极强的兴趣

▲构词：①interesting令人感兴趣的(事物)②interested(某人对某事)有兴趣的

▲搭配：①interestsbinsth使某人留意，关怀或参入某事；使某人对某事感兴趣②beinterestedin对感兴趣(关怀)③haveaninterestinsth./indoingsth.对某方面有兴趣(关怀)；在中有股份、权益等④holdone“sinterest吸引住某人的兴趣⑤intheinterest(s)of为利益；为起见；对有利⑥loseinterestin对不再感兴趣⑦show/take(an)interestin/indoingsth.对表示关怀(有兴趣)⑧have/take/feelnointerestin对不(不太)感兴趣⑨withinterest有兴趣地，津津有味地⑩develop/find/feelinterestinsth./indoingsth.在某方面培育／有兴趣?loseinterestinsth./indoingsth.对某方面失去兴趣

有时interest可与不定冠词连用。Hedevelopedaninterestinscience.

另外：interest作“爱好”解时，是可数名词。Hisinterestsincludereadingandtennis.【考例】____,theyimmediatelysuggestedthatsheputthemtogethertomakeasingleonelongstoryandpaidTracya$50,000advance.(201*全国卷II)A.InterestedB.AnxiouslyC.SeriouslyD.Encouraged

[考察目标]interest派生词的词义和用法。

[答案与解析]Ainterested指(出版商)对这件事有兴趣。10.prove的用法

▲构词：①proofn.证据。试验，考验，(印刷)校样

▲搭配：①provesthtosb向某人证明②provetosbthat从句向某人证明③prove(oneself)tobe证明(自己)是，表现出

【考例】ItwasintheneighboringcountryUnitedStatesthatsuchresistancetospraywasfirst____.(05长春模拟)

A.provedB.killedC.thoughtD.discussed

[考察目标]考察prove的意思。

[答案与解析]A此题wasproved的意思是“得到证明”，有被动意味。

11.provide的用法

▲构词：①providern.供应者，供给者，养家者②provided/providingconj.如果▲搭配：providesbwithsth/sthtosb给供应；以装备

【考例】Hisson____theoldmanwithallthefoodandthemoneyheneeded.A.providedB.fedC.affordedD.charred

[考察目标]考察provide的词义。

[答案与解析]Aprovide与with搭配，意思是“向某人供应某物”。

12.share的用法▲搭配：①share(in)sth.withsth.和某人共享、分担、共用某物②sharesth(out)between/among...将某物安排、分给③sharejoys/happinessandsorrows(withsb)(和某人)同甘共苦④shareone“sopinion同意某人的意见

【考例】LetHarryplaywithyourtoysaswell,Clareyoumustlearnto____.(NMET201*)A.supportB.careC.spareD.share[考察目标]此题主要考察在语境中选择动词的力量。

[答案与解析]D四个选项的含义分别为：support支持；care在意，关怀；spare挤出(时间)，匀出某物；share共享，分担，与某人合用。依据语境可知说话者是想让Clare学会与人共享把玩具(拿出来)和Harry一起玩，share在此意为“合用玩具”，解此题的关键是信息playwithyourtoysaswell。故D为最正确答案。13.solve的用法

▲构词：solutionn.1.[C](问题的)解答；(困难的)解决方法2.[U]解答，解决3.[U]溶解▲搭配：thesolutionto解决的方法

【考例3】Intheend,onesuggestionseemstobethesolution____theproblem.(201*北京春招)

A.withB.intoC.forD.to

[考察目标]solve名词solution的相关搭配。[答案与解析]D“对于的解决方法”，介词用to。

14.totaln./adj.全部(的)

(1)intotal加起来Intotal,theremusthavebeen201*0peoplethere.(2)atotalof总共Hisexpenses(支出)reachedatotalof$100.(3)thetotalof...的总数Thetotal0fthebillis230dollars.15.whenconj.

when并列连词，=andthen，表示“就在那时，突然”，常见以下句型中：

(1)bedoing...when...正在做突然Iwaswanderingthroughthestreetswhenlcaughtsightofatailor“sshop.

(2)haddone...when...刚做了突然Ihadjustsatdownwhenthelightwentout.(3)beabouttodo...when...刚要做突然Iwasjustabouttogoswimmingwhenourguidesawmeandshoutedatme.

16.whileconj.

(1)while附属连词，引导时间状语从句，从句动词用连续性动词，主句的动作发生在从句动作发生的过程之中。Comeon,getthesethingsawaywhileImakethetea.

(2)并列连词，表前后两个分句意义相反或相对，意为“然而”。Somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaven“tenough.

(3)放在句首，表示“尽管；虽然”，相当于although。Whilewedon“tagree,wecontinuetobefriendly.

[牛刀小试1]用所给单词的适当形式填空：

(compare，interest，fun，solve，argue，consider，share)

1.Allthenovelsareconsidered____theyoungreadersinthe1980s.(tohaveinterested)2.Bobthoughtit____tosolvemathsproblemswhileothershatedit.(fun)

3.Theheadmasterignoredthe____betweenMrs.Wangandhisnephew.(argument)4.Wecan“tdecide.Theplanneedstobe____.(considered)

5.____withClassTwo,ourshasmoreboystudents.(Compared)

6.Ifindabetterway____thisproblem.(tosolve)

7.Nearlyhalfofthecompanies____thesameopinionwiththegovernment.(share/shared)【词语比拟】1.especially,specially

especiallyadv.特别地；尤其是

(1)侧重于多种事物或人中比拟突出的。Ilikeallthesubjectsatschool,especiallyEnglish.(尤其是英语)

(2)especially后可接介词短语或从句。IliketheYueluMountains,especiallyinspring.(尤其是在春天)Noiseisunpleasant,especiallywhenyouaretryingtosleep.specially侧重特意地、特地地做某事(后面常接forsb.或todosth.)Imadeachocolatecakespeciallyforyou.2.boring,bored,bore

boringadj.令人厌烦的Thebookisveryboring.boredadj.感到厌烦的I“mboredwiththebook.borevt.令人厌烦Thisbookboresme.

有些表示情感的及物动词，有与bore类似的用法。如：interest,excite,surprise,amaze,frighten,astonish,move,inspire,touch,scare,disappoint,puzzle,worry这类词的现在分词形式，为“令人”；过去分词形式，为“感到”。3.exceptfor,except,but,besides

表示“除了”的词或短语有：except;but;exceptfor;besides;exceptthat(when...)等。(1)except和but都表示“除了之外。没有”，二者大多数状况下可以互换；但在no,all,nobody,nothing,noone等词后多用but。Nooneknowsourteacher“saddressexcept/buthim.(排解him)

(2)besides除之外，还，有附加性。WhatotherforeignlanguagesdoyouknowbesidesEnglish?(English与otherlanguages都属于know的范围)

(3)exceptfor只不过，整体确定，局部修正，用于排解非同类事物，for表示细节上的修正。Yourarticleiswellwrittenexceptforafewspellingmistakes.4.know,knowof,knowabout

(1)know用作动词，意思是“(直接地)获知，懂得，熟悉，熟识”。Idon“tknowwhetherheishereornot./Iknowhimtobehonest.

(2)knowof和knowabout的意思都是“(间接地)获知”，指听别人说到或从书报上看到，二者没有什么区分。5.forexample;suchas

(1)forexample“例如”，用来举例说明某一论点或状况。一般只举同类人或物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。可用forinstance替换。Forexample,airisinvisible./Hisspellingisterrible!Lookatthisword,forexample.(2)suchas“例如”，用来列举事物，一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间，as后面不行有逗号。SomeoftheEuropeanLanguagescomefromLatin,suchasFrench,ItalianandSpanish.

[留意]如把前面所述状况全部举出，用thatis或namely。☆短语归纳☆1.含all的短语

1)firstofall首先(强调挨次)2)inall(=intotal=altogether)总共3)afterall究竟，终究4)atall究竟，根本

5)aboveall最重要的是(强调重要性)6)not(...)atall(=not(...)intheleast)根本不，一点也不7)allthetime始终，始终

8)allofasudden(=suddenly)突然，冷不防9)allright行，可以

10)allatonce立刘，立刻11)alldayandallnight日日夜夜12)allover普及

13)allalone独个儿，独立地14)allbut几乎，差一点15)allinall总的说来

16)alltogether一道，同时，总共17)forall尽管

[例句]Iwokeupanddidn“thearhimatall.我醒了，一点儿也没有听到他说话。/Hehadsomanyfallsthathewasblackandblueallover.他摔了许多跤，以至于浑身青一块紫一块的。/Youshouldn“tscoldher.Afterall,sheisonlyfiveyearsold.你不应当责备他，究竟，她只有五岁。/Childrenneedmanythings,butaboveall,theyneedlove.孩子需要很多东西，最重要的是，需要爱。/Youmusthaveknownitallthetime.你肯定始终知道这事。

【考例】PeoplemayhavedifferentopinionsaboutKaren,butIadmireher.____,sheisagreatmusician.(201*甘肃、青海)

A.AfterallB.AsaresultC.InotherwordsD.Asusual[考察目标]主要考察四个短语的用法。

[答案与解析]Aafterall意为“究竟．终究”；asaresult意为“结果”；inotherwords意为“换句话说”；asusual意为“像平常一样”。本句意思是：虽然人们对她看法不一。但我还是佩服她。由于她究竟是一个宏大的音乐家。

【考例】I“dliketobuyahouse--modern,comfortable,and____inaquietneighborhood.(201*福建)

A.inallB.aboveallC.afterallD.atall

[考察目标]主要考察all构成的四个短语。[答案与解析]Binall意为“总共”；aboveall意为“最重要的是”；afterall意为“究竟”；atall意为“究竟”。本句话意思是：我想买一个房子，现代的、舒适的，但最重要的是在一个宁静的地区。2.atall

(1)用在确定句中，“竟然”I“msurprisedthatyoucameatall.(2)用在否认句中，“一点也不”Therewasnothingtoworryaboutatall.(3)用在疑问句中，“究竟”“毕竟”Haveyoubeenthereatall?(4)用在条件句中，“真的，的确”Ifyoudoitatall,doitwell.3.含“be+形容词+介词”的短语1)begoodat擅长于

2)beinterestedin对感兴趣

3)bepleased/satisfied/contentwith对满足4)befamousfor因而知名5)bekind/goodto对好6)belostin沉湎于

7)beactivein在某方面积极8)besureabout/of确信9)beafraidof可怕10)befullof布满11)befilledwith布满

12)bemadeof/from由组成13)begenerousto对大方14)bepopularwith受欢送15)beconfidentof确信16)befondof喜爱，宠爱

17)beangrywith/at对发脾气18)belatefor迟到

19)beamazed/surprised/astonished/shockedat对感到惊异20)bebusydoing忙着做

21)beexcitedabout对感到兴奋22)beworriedabout担忧23)beusedfor/as用于

24)becuriousabout对奇怪

[例句]LinLinisconfidentofhisabilitytogetworkforhimself.林林确信自己有力量做这活。Hewasgeneroustoeverybodywithmoney,asaresult,hesavedlittle.他对谁花钱都很大方，结果没有攒到多少钱。Sheisveryactiveinhelpingthepoor.在帮忙穷人方面，她很热心。Popmusicispopularwiththeyounggeneration.流行歌曲受年轻一代的欢送。Lostinthought,hedidn“trealizethatIcamein.他陷入思索之中，没有意识到我进来了。IwasamazedatthesightsothatIdidn“tknowwhattodo.看到这一幕我特别惊异，不知道该做什么。StudentsinSenior3arebusypreparingforthecomingfinalexam.高三学生在忙于预备马上到来的期末考试。【考例l】(201*重庆)

--Youknow,Bobisalittleslow____understanding,so...--SoIhavetobepatient____him.

A.in;withB.on;withC.in;toD.at;for[考察目标]同定搭配中介词的选择。

[答案与解析]Abeslowin意为“在方面反响迟钝”，bepatientwith意为“对有急躁”。

4.endupwith...以完毕

(1)endupwith+n.以完毕

ThepartyendedupwiththesingingofAuldLangSyne.

(2)endupas...最终成为Hewillendupasapresidentsomeday.

(3)endup+地点状语最终(有结局)Ifyoudriveyourcarlikethat,you“llend(up)inhospital.

5.“make+名词”短语①makeanoise吵闹

②makefaces做鬼脸，做苦脸③makeroomfor给腾出地方④makethebed整理床铺⑤makephonecalls打电话⑥makefriendswith交朋友⑦makemoney赚钱

⑧makeuseof利用

⑨makeadecision做出打算⑩makeamistake犯错误

[例句]Theboymadeafaceathisteacherwhensheturnedherback.教师转身时，男孩朝教师做了个鬼脸。

Workinginthekitchenmadetheboyintoagoodcook.在厨房里干活使男孩成为一位优秀厨师。

Theyweremovedouttoanearbyhotel,tomakeroomformoreimportantpersons.为了给更重要的人物腾出

地方，他们被搬到了四周的一家旅店。

【考例】TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotryto____.(201*北京春招)

A.makeitoutB.makeitoffC.makeitupD.makeitover[考察目标]主要考察make短语。

[答案与解析]Amakeout意为“领悟、弄明白、发觉真相”makeoff意为“赶忙跑掉”；makeup意为“弥补、装扮、组成”；makeover意为“转让、改造”。由于受到迷惑，所以应当是试图发觉真相。【考例】

--Whenshallwestart?

--Let“s____itat8:30.Isthatallright?(201*北京)A.setB.meetC.makeD.take[考察目标]此题主要考察make短语。

[答案与解析]Cmakeit“规定时间”为固定短语。本句话意思是“把动身的时间定在8点半”。set意思是“对时间”、“调时间”。6.makefire点火

有以下fire(n.)短语:beonfire着火了(表示状态)/catchfire燃着；着火(表示动作)/playwithfire玩火；干冒险的事/Setsth.onfire=setfiretosth.放火烧/make(a)fire点火；生火/start(cause)afire引起火灾

[留意]fire作“火灾”“一堆火”解时，为可数名词。7.agreat/goodmany很多

(1)agreat/goodmany+名词复数，中间无“of”。Agreatmanypeoplehaveseenthefilm.(2)agreat/goodmany+of+the/these/those/one“s+名词复数Agreatmanyofthepeoplehaveseenthefilm.

8.makeyourselfathome别拘束

(1)makeyourselfathome别拘束(仆人对客人说的委婉语)--Goodevening,Jim.--Goodevening,Mary.Comeinandmakeyourselfathome.

(2)(all)byoneself单独(没有别人帮忙)Youcan“tpossiblydoitallbyyourself.

(3)enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得快乐Pleaseenjoyyourselfwhileyou“respendingyourholidayinHawaii.

(4)foroneself亲自;为自己Thestudentwantstothinkitforhimself./Oneshouldnotliveforoneselfalone.

(5)ofoneself自动地Thedoorclosedofitselfsuddenly.(6)beoneself身体或心情好Iamnotmyselftoday.

(7)helponeselfto+n./pron.任凭Pleasehelpyourselftothefish．(8)inoneself本身Thisisnotabadideainitself.

(9)cometooneself清醒Theinjuredmancametohim-selfinfiveminutes.(10)betweenourselves私下说的话Allthisisbetweenourselves.

9.themajorityof...大多数的

(1)a/themajorityof+名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词多用复数。themajority单独作主语，谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可。Themajorityofpeopleseemtopreferwatchinggamestoplayinggames./Themajoritywere(was)infavouroftheproposal.

(2)byamajorityof+数字，以超过票的多数Shewontheelectionbyamajorityof900votes.

10.treatas把看做Thekindladytreatedmeasherowndaughter.【比拟】表示“认为”的短语还有：

regard…as…consider…(as)…thinkof…as…

lookon/upon…as…take…for…

[留意]在consideras短语中as可省略，其他短语中不行。

[牛刀小试2]

1.Ifyouare____aboutAustraliancities,justreadthebookwrittenbyDr.Johnson.A.interestedB.anxiousC.upsetD.curious

2.Herson,____whomshewasso____,wentabroad10yearsago.A.of;lovedB.for;cared

C.to;devotedD.on;affected

3.Inordertocontinuetolearnbyourselveswhenwehaveleftschool,wemust____learnhowtostudyintheschoolnow.

A.inallB.afterallC.aboveallD.atall4.--IamsorryIdidn“tdoagoodjob.

--Nevermind.____,youhavetriedyourbest.

A.AboveallB.InallC.AtallD.Afterall

5.Sincewecan“tfindabiggerapartment,we“llhaveto____whatwehave.A.hopeforthebestB.makeroomforC.makethebestofD.layourhopeon(DCCDC)

【句型归纳】

1.Idon“tenjoysinging,nordoIlikecomputers.我不喜爱唱歌，也不喜爱电脑。/RockmusicisOK,andsoisskiing.摇滚音乐还可以，滑雪也行。

这两句中nor与so用于倒装构造。例如：Idon“tknow,nordoIcare.我不知道，也不关怀。so的常见句型有：

(1)so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语(意为“主语也”)

(2)neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语(意为“主语也不”)

(3)soitis/waswithsb/sth和soitis/wasthesamewithsb/sth(意为“主语也”)(用在前文有两个或以上的从句，而且分句有不同的谓语或既有确定又有否认以及既有系动词义有行为动词的状况)

(4)so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词(意为“主讲的确如此”)，表示进一步确定。(5)主语+did+so(意为“主语根据叮嘱做了”)。

【考例】Maryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,____.(201*全国III)A.sodoesJohnB.JohndoestooC.Johndoesn“ttooD.nordoesJohn

[考察目标]nor表示“也不”引导的倒装构造。

[答案与解析]D由never可以推断该句为否认句。空格处句意为“约翰也没读书”。nor,so,neither可引起倒装句。

2.Chuckisabusinessmanwhoisalwayssobusythathehaslittletimeforhisfriends.查克是个生意人，他总是那么忙，几乎没有时间和朋友在一起。

该句中so...that...和such...that...都能连接结果状讲从句，但要留意词序不同。例如：Joanissuchalonelygirlthatallofuslikeher.=Sheissolovelyagirlthatwealllikeher.常见句型：

(1)such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+thatclause(2)such+形容词+复数可数名词+thatclause(3)such+形容词+不行数名词+thatclause

(4)so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+thatclause(5)so+形容词/副词+thatclause

(6)so+many/few+复数可数名词+thatclause(7)so+much/little+不行数名词+thatclause

留意：①当little不表示数量“少”而表示“小”的意思时，仍旧要用such。②当so+adj./adv.或such+n.位于句首时，主句需要倒装。

【考例】Sodifficult____ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIdeterminedtolearnEnglish.(201*上海)

A.IhavefeltB.haveIfeltC.IdidfeelD.didIfeel

[考察目标]so+adj.位于句首时，主句倒装。

[答案与解析]DA、C语序不对，排解。B时态不对。

3.OnedayChuckisonaflightacrossthePacificOceanwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashes.一天，查克在飞越太平洋时．他的飞机突然坠毁了。该句中的“when”表示“正在这时”，相当于andjust或andatthattime.这时不能用while/as替换。

常见句型：(1)beabouttodosthwhen...(2)bedoingsthwhen...(3)beonthepointofdoingsthwhen...

【考例】Wewereswimminginthelake____suddenlythestormstarted.(201*北京春招)A.whenB.whileC.untilD.before[考察目标]“when“作连词，表示“正在这时”。

[答案与解析]A意为“我正在湖中游泳，突然暴风雨来了。”只有when才能用于这种句型。4.Hehastolearnhowtocollectwater,huntforfood,andmakefire.他不得不学会收集淡水．查找食物，生火什么的。

该句中的“howItocollect...”为动词不定式短语作宾语。例如：Wemustdecidewhichonetobuy.疑问词which,what,how,when,where等与小定式构成不定式短语。

【考例】I“veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknewwhat____inmynewjob.(NMET201*)A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects[考察目标]whattodosth不定式短语作宾语。[答案与解析]B该句需要填非谓语动词。排解A、D。句意为“以前我与孩子在一块儿工作过。因此我知道我的新工作需要什么。”C不表示进展，排解C。

5.Inordertosurvive,ChuckdevelopedafriendshipwithanunusualfriendavolleyballhecalledWilson.为了生存下去，查克和一位不寻常的朋友--“排球”建立了友情，查克叫他威尔森。

1.该句中的“inorderto“，意思为“为了，以便”，作目的状语。在句子中作同的状语的常见句型有五种构造：todosth/inordertodosth/soastodosth/inorderthatclause/sothatclause

留意：(1)soastodosth不能位于句首。(2)假如主句与从句的主语全都时，四个构造可以相互转换。(3)在inorderthat/sothat引导的从句中，谓语动词常与can,could,may,might等情态动词连用。

【考例】(201*北京)I“dliketoarrive20minutesearly____Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A.assoonasB.asaresultC.incaseD.sothat[考察目标]目的状语。

[答案与解析]Dassoonas“一就”；asaresult“结果是”；incase“万一”；sothat“以便，为的是”。句意：“我想提前二非常钟到以便有时间喝杯茶”。2.该句子中volleyball是作同位语。例如：Headvisedfarmerstochoosethebestseed-heads,theonesthathadthebestcolor.

留意：这种同位语(不是同位语从句)与非限制性定语从句的区分。

【考例】(NMET201*)Meetingmyuncleaftertheseyearswasanunforgottenmoment,____Iwillalwaystreasure.

A.thatB.oneC.itD.what[考察目标]one作同位语，指代amoment。

[答案与解析]Bthat不能引导非限制性定语从句，排解A；if不能作同位语，排解C；what既不能引导非限制定语从句，也不能作同位语。可以填which，这样就成了非限制性定语从句。

6.ForalongtimethelanguageinAmericastayedthesame,whilethelanguageinEnglandchanged.长期以来，美国英语保持不变，但英国英语变化了。1.该句中的“while“用作并列连词．表示前后比照，意为“然而”。“while“充当连词，还能引导时间状语从句。意为“duringthetimethat”；引导让步状语从句，意为“although”。2.该句中的“stay“为系动词。后接表语(thesame)。除了stay外，常见的系动词还有:become,get,turn,grow,go,come,run,fall,keep,stay,remain。

【考例】(NMET201*)Whydon“tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill____freshforseveraldays.

A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed[考察目标]系动词的用法。

[答案与解析]B系动词没有被动语态，一般不用进展

时态，排解A、C；句意不是表示完成，排解D。系动词表示状态。7.forthefirsttime第一次

(1)forthefirsttime第一次，后面不加从句，在句中作状语TheycametoBeijingforthefirsttime.

(2)thefirsttime名词短语，在从句中充当连词，后接时间状语从句，不接that，when等连词。有同样用法的短语还有：everytime;nexttime;thelasttimeTheylikedBeijingthefirsttimetheywentthere.(3)It“s/Thisisthefirsttimethat+从句(用现在完成时)这是的第一次It“sthefirsttimethatIhaveeverbeenabroadatall.8.Whatisitthat...?是什么?强调句的用法：

(1)构造：Itis/Itwas(过去时间)+被强调局部+that/who(专指人)+其他局部

(2)用法：除了谓语动词不能强调，句子的每局部均可强调。Jimmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.

主语宾语地点状语时间状语

强调主语：ItwasJimwho/thatmetthestudentinthestreetlastweek.强调宾语：Itwasthestudentwhom/thatJimmetinthestreetlastweek.强调地点状语：ItwasinthestreetthatJimmetthestudentlastweek.强调时间状语：ItwaslastweekthatJimmetthestudentinthestreet.(3)留意点：

一般疑问句的强调句：

WasitDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?特别疑问句的强凋句：

Whoisitthatwillvisitourclass?Whereisitthathehasgone?Whenwasitthatshewent?

notuntil用于强调句：

ItwasnotuntilthenthatIrealizedIwaswrong.

[牛刀小试3]

1.--Iwouldneverevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!--____.(201*广西)

A.NoramIB.NeitherwouldI

C.SamewithmeD.SodoI

2.Wecan“timagine____littlemicecaneatup____manycropseveryyear.

A.so;soB.such;soC.such;suchD.so;so

3.Jasminewasholidayingwithherfamilyinawildlifepark____shewasbittenonthelegbyalion.

A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.once

4.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovern-mentknows____.(NMET201*)A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit

5.Rosesneedspecialcare___theycanlivethroughwinter.(201*天津)

A.becauseB.sothatC.evenifD.as(BBACB)

【交际速成】

1.Talkingaboutlikesanddislikes.谈论喜爱和不喜爱--IenjoyChinesefoodverymuch.--____.(03东北三校)

A.PleasetastequicklyB.Havemore,please

C.HelpyourselfD.Eatslowlywhileitishot

[答案与解析]C此题主要考察详细语境下“对事物喜好”的表达及应答。A项不礼貌，B、D两项属汉语习惯，C项符合此时英语语境。

【归纳】英语中常见表达喜爱和不喜爱态度的用语有：(1)Thisbookisveryinteresting.

(2)Ilike/lovethemovie(verymuch).(3)Ilike/lovetoplaycomputergames.(4)Iliketakingphotos.

(5)Ienjoylisteningtomusic.

(6)I“minterestedinscience.Myhobbies/interestsare...(7)Heisfondofmusic.(8)Thissongisbad/awful.

(9)Idon“tlikethemovieverymuch/atall.(10)Idon“tenjoycollectingstamps.(11)Ihatetodohomework.Ihatedancing,(12)I“mnotintoclassicmusic.

(13)Ithinkthatclassicmusicisterrible/boring.2.Makingapologies赔礼

--I“msorryI“mcallingyousolate.--____Okay.(201*北京春招)

A.ThisisB.You“reC.That“sD.I“m

[答案与解析]C此题主要考察英语中赔礼及应答用语。A、B、D三项不符合交际英语的习惯，故C项正确。

【归纳】英语中常见赔礼用语有：

(1)I“mverysorry.Ididn“tmeanto(hurtyourfeelings).(2)I“mterriblysorryaboutthat.

(3)I“mafraidI“vebroughtyoutoomuchtrouble.(4)Pleaseexcusemecominglate.(5)Pleaseforgiveme.(6)Excuseme,please.(7)Ibegyourpardon.应答表达有：(1)That“s/It“sallright.(2)That“s/It“sOK.(3)Nevermind.(4)Itdoesn“tmatter.(5)It“snothing.(6)Forgetit.

(7)Don“tworryaboutthat.

(8)Don“tmentionit.

3.Talkingaboutlanguagedifficultiesincommunication谈论语言交际困难--I“msorry.Ican“tcatchyou.____--OK,it“sBLACK.

A.Wouldyoupleasewalkslowly?B.Idon“tunderstandyou．

C.What“sthemeaningofthisword?D.Wouldyoupleaserepeatitmoreslowly?

[答案与解析]D此题主要考察语言交际困难的功能意念。catch在整个语境中是“听见，听清”的意思，A项错误理解了catch在此处的意思，B、C两项语义不连贯，故正确答案是D。【归纳】英语中常见的谈论语言交际困难的用语有：(1)Pardon?/Ibegyourpardon.(2)Sorry,Ican“tfollowyou.

(3)Canyouspeakmoreslowly,please?(4)Howdoyousay...inEnglish.“?

(5)Idon“tknowhowtosaythatinEnglish.(6)Idon“tknowthewordinEnglish.(7)Howdoyouspellit,please?(8)I“msorryIonlyknowalittleEnglish.

(9)Couldyourepeatthat,please?Couldyousaythatagain,please?

(10)Whatdoyoumeanbykillingtime?[牛刀小试4]

1.--____Ididn“thearyouclearly.It“stoonoisyhere.--Iwassayingthatthepartywasgreat.A.Repeat.B.Onceagain.C.Sorry?D.Sowhat?2.--Doyoulikeahousewithnogarden?

--____.Butanyhow,it“sbettertohaveonethannone.A.NotabitB.NotalittleC.NotreallyD.Notspecially

3.--I“msorryforsteppingonyourfoot?--____.A.It“sOKB.YouarewelcomeC.It“syourfaultD.Neveryoumind4.--Whatyousaidatthemeetinghurtmebadly!--Sorry.But____.

A.Ididn“tmeanitB.Ididn“tmeantoC.Idon“tmeanitD.Idon“tmeanto5.--Youseemtoshowinterestincooking.--____?Onthecontrary,I“mtiredofit.

A.ReallyB.PardonC.OKD.What(CCABD)

【精典题例】

1.--Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.

--____,and____.

A.Sohehas;sohaveyouB.Sohashe;sohaveyou

C.Sohehas;soyouhaveD.Sohashe;soyouhave【解析】选A答句中的he指David，不倒装。“Sohaveyou”意为“你也一样(取得了进步)”。2.Little____whatothersthink.

A.doeshecareaboutB.careheaboutC.aboutheearedD.aboutcaredhe【解析】选Alittle为否认副词，置于句首时，句子使用局部倒装。

3.Atschool,whatheenjoys____football.

A.playingB.toplayC.isplayingD.played

【解析】选Cwhatheenjoys为主语从句，谓语动词为be，表语为playingfootball。不要误以为playing是enjoy的宾语而误选A。

4.Atthe____news,allthewomenpresentburstoutcrying.A.unexpectingB.disappointing

C.disappointedD.interesting【解析】选B联系语境，全部在场的妇女都哭了，因此为disappointing“令人绝望的(消息)”。5.Hewasabouttotellmethesecret____someonepattedhimontheshoulder.A.asB.untilC.whileD.when【解析】选D“when“表示“就在这时，突然”。6.Thewolfsaidina____voiceandthescholarfelt____.A.frightening;frightenedB.frightened;frightenedC.frightened;frighteningD.frightening;frightening【解析】选Afrightening“令人可怕”；frightened“感到可怕”。

7.I