中考英语复习现在完成时、过去进行时

第第页现在完成时定义：现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。一、基本结构谓语动词：have/has+done其中have/has为助动词，done为动词过去分词；肯定：Theyhavefinishedtheirtask.否定：Theyhaven’tfinishedtheirtask.疑问形式：Have/Has

+主语+done

+其他？

Havetheyfinishedtheirtask？回答用Yes,…have(has)./No,…haven’t(hasn’t).二、过去分词动词过去分词的构成分规则变化和不规则变化两种形式；规则变化则同动词过去式的规则变化一样：变化规则举例(1)一般在动词后加-edplay—played—playedwant—wanted—wanted(2)

以不发音的e结尾的加-dlike—liked—likedlive—lived—lived(3)

以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加-edcarry—carried—carriedhurry—hurried—hurried(4)

以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写字尾加-edplan—planned—plannedstop—stopped—stopped其不规则变化参照《动词不规则变化表》。

be-was/were-beengo-went-gone三、现在完成时应用1.

表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，其汉译常带有“完了，过了，已经”等意，Ihavespentallofmymoney.​Myfatherhasgonetowork.2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表

示），常与for（+

时间段），since（+

过去的时间点或过去时的句子）连用，谓语动词必须是延续性动词。如：Hehaslivedheresince1978.

自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。Theyhave

leanrt

Chineseinthisschoolfor3years.

他们在这个学校学汉语3年了。【注意】1.

since用法作为介词，自从...以来，后面加时间点，与现在完成时连用。Hehasbeenheresincethreeyearsago.作为连词，自从...以来，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。IhavetaughtEnglishinChinasinceIcamehere.Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since从句（一般过去时）ItisthreeyearssinceIleftAustralia.2.for和since用法区分for+时间段，累计的时间，一直进行多长时间。since+时间点，某件事开始的时间。Theyhavebeenmarriedfortenyears.Theyhavebeenmarriedsincetenyearsago

【练习1】用for和since填空1.

________

twoyears​2.

________

twoyearsago​​3.

________

lastmonth4.

________

1999​5.

________

yesterday​​6.

________

4o’clock7.

________

4hours​8.

________anhourago​9.

________

wewerechildren10.

________

lunchtime​11.

________

shelefthere现在完成进行时所用的时间状语：recently/;inthepastfew+时间段;since+时间点;for+时间段，sofar，already等等。如：Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonth.两个月来他们一直在修桥。Wehaven’tgotanyreplyfromhersofar.

我们迄今为止还没有收到她的回复。【练习2】1．I____________fivebookssinceIjoinedthebookclub.A．amreading​B．willread​C．haveread2.—DoyouknowSunshineTownverywell，

MrChen？—Sure．

I____heresinceIwasborn.A．haslived​B．lived​C．havelived​3.I________theguitareversinceIwas8yearsold.A．played​B．haveplayed​C．amplaying​4.Theancienttownhasbeenopentovisitors________abouttenyears．A．by​B．for​C．on​四【短暂性动词与延续性动词】在英语中，短暂性动词不能与持续的时间连用，要转换成延续性动词。非延续性动词延续性动词catchacoldhaveacoldputonwearborrowkeepbuyhavecome/arrive/reachbeheregobetherefallillbeilldiebedeadfallasleepbeasleepopenbeopenclosebeclosedgetmarriedbemarriedjoinbeinbegin/startbeonfinishbeoverI

have

bought

this

bike

for

5

years.

（buy不能和5

years连用）→Ihavehadthisbikefor5years.Theyhavegotmarriedsince1999.

（get

married是短暂性动词，不能和段时间连用）→

They

havebeenmarriedsince1999.[注意]短暂性动词的否定式可以与一段时间连用，因为否定式表示动作未发生，表示持续的状态，不与根本的产生原则冲突，比如最常见的一个日常用语：Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.

【练习1】1.LiHonghas________thearmyfor2years.

A.joined

B.bein

C.beenin

2.Wehavebeenfriendssince______.

A.children

B.fiveyears

C.fiveyearsago

3.Mike___________thestoryforamonth.

A.hasbought

B.hashad

C.hadhad

4.You______thatquestionthreetimes.

A.alreadyasked

B.havealreadyasked

C.alreadyhaveasked

5.They_________inthecitysincelastsummer.

A.live

B.didn’tlive

C.havelived

6.Mrs.WanghaslivedinHaikou_____1992.

A.since

B.from

C.after

7.Mr.Black_________Chinasince

thesummerof1998.

A.hasbeento

B.hasbeenin

C.hascometo

10.Hisfather_______foryears.

A.hasdied

B.hasbeendead

C.died五【辨析havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin】havegoneto:已经去了某地（人还没回来）Havebeento:曾今去过某地（人已经回来）Havebeenin:一直待在某地（可以与一段时间连用）

-WhereisJack?Ican’tfindhim.-HehasgonetoBeijingonbusiness.IhavebeentoFrancethreetimes.Ithinkitisreallyabeautifulcountry.It’ssaidhehasbeeninJapanforthreemonths.

【练习3】1.Mr.Li_______Kunming.He______thecitythreetimes.Thistimehe________Kunmingforthreedays.A.hasbeento;hasgoneto;hasbeenin

B.hasgoneto;hasbeento;hasbeeninC.hasbeenin;hasbeento;hasgoneto

2.—WhenwillyoursistergotoEngland?—She______Londonsincefourmonthsago.

A.wentto

B.hasgoneto

C.hasbeento

D.hasbeenin3.—MayIspeaktoyourheadmaster?—Sorry,heisn’there.He______toGuiyangonbusiness.A.havegone

B.hasgone

C.havebeenin

4.—Whereisyouruncle?Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.—He______Beijingforabouthalfayear.HemovedthereinJanuary.

A.hasgoneto

B.hasbeenin

C.hasarrivedin

【巩固练习1.1】1.—HaveyouseenDr.Adamsrecently?—No.He_____HongKongforanimportantmeeting.He’llcomebacktomorrow.A.hasgonein

B.hasbeenin

C.hasgoneto

2.—Whereismysister,mum?—She_____thelibraryandshewillbebacksoon.A.hasbeento

B.hasgoneto

C.isgoingto

3.—Whereisyourcousin?—He______Shanghaiandhe______therefortwodays.A.hasgoneto;hasbeenin

B.hasgoneto;hasbeenC.hasbeento;hasbeen【2.知识点分析】：过去进行时态1

用法：①过去某个时间正在发生的动作例：He

wascooking

atsixlastnight.

昨天晚上六点，他正在做饭。②过去某段时间正在发生的动作​例：I

wasstaying

herefromMarchtoMaylastyear.

去年从3月到5月，我一直呆在这里。2

.与过去进行时连用的时间状语，常见的有

atninelastnight/

atthattime=then/atthistimeyesterday

/或有whentheteachercamein/

whilehewasreading3

.过去进行时的构成：was\were+现在分词4.

过去进行时的四个基本句型【课堂练习】1．—Icalledyoulastnight.Butnooneanswered.

—Oh,I_________TVatthattime.A．watched​B．amwatching​C．willwatch​D．waswatchingI________theviolinatteno'clockthismorning.A．practice​B．werepracticing​C．ampracticing​D．waspracticing4．—Whydidn'tyouanswermyphoneat8:00lastnight?—Sorry,

.A．Igoswimming

B．IamtakingashowerC．Iwashangingoutwithfriends

句型：肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它肯定回答：Yes,主语+was/were

否定回答：No,主语+wasnot/werenot.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它举例：肯定句​

He

wascooking

atsixlastnight.​

​否定句​

He

wasnotcooking

atsixlastnight.一般疑问句​

Was

he

cooking

atsixlastnight?​两回答​Yes,he

was.

No,he

wasn’t.特殊疑问句​

What

was

he

doing

atsixlastnight?5.过去进行时的固定句型when和while引导的时间状语，主句和从句动词时态问题。1.过去进行时描述一件事发生的背景；即一个动作延续时另一个短暂性动作同时发生，用when(用延续性动词或短暂性动词都可以)。例：I

was

watching

TV

when

the

bell

rang.我正在看电视突然铃响了Jim

wasreading

when

theteacher

came

in.

当老师进来的时候，吉姆正在读书。2.过去进行时表示两个延续动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，用while(只用延续性动词)。例：The

students

were

reading

while

the

teacher

was

checking

their

homework.

老师在批改作业的时候，学生们在读书。Jim

wasreading

while

Kate

waswatching

TV.

在凯特正在看电视的同时，吉姆正在读书。Jim

came

in

while

Kate

waswatching

TV.

在凯特正在看电视的时候，吉姆进来了。6.比较He

watched

TVlastnight.​

（过去时间lastnight,

用一般过去时）He

waswatching

TVatninelastnight.​

(过去时间lastnight+点时间atnine,

用过去进行时)【练习2】 1．—Whendidtheclassroomhaveapowercut?—Thismorning,whilewe________aphysicslesson.A．havehad​B．werehaving​C．arehaving​D．will