《三维设计》5届高考英语一轮复习配套课件化难为易巧增分语法难点突破+定语从句(一)

语法难点突破之五

——定语从句（一）

语法难点突破修饰名词和代词的成分Keywords:定语:abeautifulfloweratall

boybeautifultall定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.定语从句thebestfilm先行词that关系词ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.关系词引导定语从句代替先行词在从句中担当一个成分关系词的作用1）2）3）Revision1

theusageoftherelativepronoun

关系代词指代在定语从句中所充当的成分人物句子主语宾语定语whowhomwhichthatwhose

theusageoftherelativeadverb关系副词指代所充当的句子成分whenwherewhytimeplacereasonadverbialadverbialadverbial类别意义功能形式关系代词限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。修饰先行词修饰先行词/整个句子无逗号隔开有逗号与主句隔开不含有thatRevision2限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别作宾语时可以省略作宾语时不可以省略Herbrotherwhoisnowasoldieralwaysencourageshertogotocollege.

Herbrother,whoisnowasoldier,alwaysencourageshertogotocollege.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。

Thebook(that/which)IboughtyesterdayisHarryPotterandtheOrderofPhoenix.

Thebook,whichIboughtyesterday,isHarryPotterandtheOrderofPhoenix.有that，作宾语时可以省略不用that,作宾语时不可以省略我昨天买的那本书是《哈利·波特与凤凰令》1.指物时只用that或which的情况2.介词+关系代词3.Whose用法及转换形式4.as与which的区别5.指人时that与who的区别6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题常见考点

1.先行词为all,little,much,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词2.先行词被all,little,much,every,no,等修饰时。3.先行词前有序数词(thefirst),形容词最高级(thebest),thelast,thevery,theonly等时。4.先行词为人和物的组合5.若主句中有疑问代词who或者which，为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用who,which，而用that。只用that的情况:6.关系代词在从句中做表语1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanything

else_____yourequire?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it考点一:that与which的区别4.

Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom5.Thereisnodictionary_____youcanfindhere.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat6.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it7.Whichwasthehotel_____wasrecommendedtoyou?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.it

1.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichBthatCthisD.it只用which的情况:1,逗号后面2,介词后面2.Theday______hewasbornwas

Jan.20

,2013.A.onwhichB.thatC.whichD.this

考点二:介词+关系代词提醒:介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择.方法一:根据从句中动词或形容词与先行词习惯搭配方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系

注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用which

或whom;不可用that或who代替ThemanisfromBeijingUniversity.Italkedabouthimatthemeeting.Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.Jointhemintoonesentence.=Themanabout

ItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity.

关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。whom但遇到固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。Isthisthebook(which/that)youare

lookingfor?

Fillingblanks:1.Theman__________youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.2.Theroom__________myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.withwhominwhich考点三：Whose用法及转换形式1.whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。That’sthechildwhosefatherisateacher.Doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor?Thisisabook

whosecoverisgreen.2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可以指人，还可以指物。

3.whose的先行词指物时,可用ofwhich代替,但词序不同，即whose+名词=the+n+ofwhich=ofwhich+the+n.Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.=Helivesintheroom,

facessouth.=Helivesintheroom,facessouth.thewindowofwhichofwhichthewindow考点四：as与which引导的定语从句

两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。1.当与as,so,such或thesame连用时，一般用as。e.g.Suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting.Ihavethesameplanas

you.2.as

引导的从句可以放在句首,as本身有“正如…..正象…”之意，与之连用的词有know,see,expect,announce,pointout等。e.g.Asweallknow,theearthisround.1.______wasnatural,hemarriedJenny.A.WhichB.ThatC.ThisD.As2.Suchsigns_____weuseintheexperiment______Greekletters.A.as,areB.as,isC.that,areD.that,is3.Sheisverygoodatdance,____everybodyknows.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as4.______hasbeensaidabove,grammarisasetofdeadrules.A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.As5.Wedothesamework_____theydo.A.whichB.asC.thanD.likeAnyone_____breaksthelawispunished.Those

_____breakthelawarepunished.He

_____breaksthelawispunished.在anyone,those,he/she/I/they作先行词时,用”who”代替“that”.考点五:that与who的区别whowhowho

考点六:如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：1.先行词2.关系词在从句中充当的成分。做主语，宾语，定语用做状语用关系代词关系副词Iwillneverforgettheday_____Ifirstwenttoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.Thehouse__________wevisitedisbeingrepairednow.Thehouse______Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.when(which/that)(which/that)where

考点七:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。

1.Iamnotonewho______afraidofdifficulty．2.Don

’tchooseme,who_______notfitforthisjob．

isam

3.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_______.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenD.thathavewritten4.Sheisnottheonlyoneofthegirls___wellinclass.A.whichsingsB.whosingC.whosingsD.whotosing1.Isthisfactory____wevisitedlastweek?DIsthisthefactory____wevisitedlastWeek?A、whereB、thatC、towhichD、theoneB解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。Exercises2.Letmethinkofapropersituation_______thissentencecanbeused.A、whereB、thatC、ofwhomD、whichA先行词是situation,case,scene…时，一般用where,也可用inwhich3.Shewillneverforgettheday_____shespentinBeijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC

Shewillneverforgettheday_____shestayedwithhiminBeijing.A5.Thecollegewon’ttakeanyone_____eyesightisweak.A、whoB、whoseC、ofwhomD、whichB6.Those_____totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames.A、whoB、whowantC、whowants

D、whatB7.Idon'tlikeEnglish,_____grammarIamnotinterested.Idon'tlikeEnglish,____grammarisdifficulttolearn.Ilikethishouse,_____doorwayit’seasyforustoget.Ilikethishouse,_____doorwayissmall.

A.inwhichB.whichC.throughwhoseD.whoseADCD8.I，______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A、whoisB、whatisC、whatamD、whoamD9.Whichofthetwocows______youkeepproducesmoremilk?A、whichB、thatC、whatD、asB10.Hiswalkingstick,____hecan’twalk,waslostyesterday.A、thatB、withwhichC、whichD、withoutwhichD

12.

Asmanymembers_____werepresentagreedtotheplan.A.who

B.that

C.which

D.asD13.HemustbefromAfrica,_____canbeseenfromhisskin.A.that

B.as

C.who

D.whatB14.Thisisthesamepen______Ilostyesterday.A.asB.thatC.theoneD.A&BD比较：...thesamepenasIlost....thesamepenthatIlost.表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支.15.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem___wecouldn'tsolve.Theteachergaveussodifficultaproblem___wecouldn'tsolveit.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.theonesABso...that后面跟的是一个结果状语从句16.______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolisincreasing.A.WhichB.AsC.WhatD.ThatB17.I’lltellyou_____hetoldmelastnight.

A.allwhich

B.allwhat

C.thatallD.allD18.Howdoyoulikethebook?

It’squitedifferentfrom_____Ireadlastmonth.

A.thatB.which

C.theoneD.theonewhat

C19.Therearethreelibrariesinourschool,_______werebuiltfiveyearsago.A、allofthemB、eitherofthemC、allofwhichD、bothof