英语中考语法专题讲解之代词及练习

2023年英语中考语法专题讲解

代词及练习关键词：1、主格、宾格2、形容词性与名词性物主代词3、不定代词4、不定代词与形容词的连用5、by+反身代词主格宾格形物主名物代反身ImemyminemyselfyouyouyouryoursYourselfsheherherhersherselfhehimhishishimselfitititsitsitselfTheythemtheirtheirsthemselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselvesweusouroursourselves例题：Sheisnicetowe.例题：Shevisitheeveryday.例题：Hispenislongerthanme.规则：介词后面用宾格us规则：动词后面用宾格him规则：名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词

mine=mybook

记住：others=other+名词mine1.—YouspeakEnglishwell.Whoteachesyou?—Nobody.Ilearnitby_____.A.myself B.my C.I 2.—Whichdoyouprefer,orangejuiceormilk?—_______,thanks.I’dlikeacupoftea.A.EitherB.NeitherC.Both3.Thispenbelongsto____.____isaredone.A.him,MineB.his,MyC.him,My4.Ifyouwanttokeepyourteethhealthy,you'dbetternoteat_____sweetalot.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothing人称代词例题：I,youandshealllikemusic.(改错)Let’slookaftershe.(改错)PleasegiveittoI.(改错)解析：人称代词有人称、数和格的变化人称代词的主格在句中充当主语,宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。如：Ilikeapples.TheycomefromFrance.人称代词例题：I,youandshealllikemusic.(改错)Let’slookaftershe.(改错)PleasegiveittoI.(改错)当几个不同的人称代词做主语时，用and,or连接，顺序为：单数：You,he/she,andI.复数：we,youandthey表示祖国，大地，月亮等，可用she物主代词例题：

HeisIfriend.Heisafriendofmy.(改错)Theirsclassroomisbeautiful.Ourisclean.(改错)解析：物主代词分为形容词性和名词性的物主代词，形容词性的物主代词与形容词类似，作定语，后接它所修饰的名词。如：Ourteacher，hiswatch.名词性的物主代词与名词类似，等于形容词性物主代词+名词。可在句中作主语、表语或宾语。如:Ours=ourclassroom.物主代词例题：

HeisIfriend.Heisafriendofmy.(改错)Theirsclassroomisbeautiful.Ourisclean.(改错)解析：还可以构成“名词+of+名词性物主代词的结构”

Heisafriendofmine.Heisoneofmyfriends.Heisafriendofmyfather’s.反身代词例题：IteachmeEnglish.(改错)Weenjoyedmyselfonthebeachyesterday.解析：表示某人自己的代词被称为反身代词。它可与动词、介词连用，在句中作宾语或状语。反身代词在使用时人称和数与主语必须保持一致。

IteachmyselfEnglish.Weenjoyedourselvesonthebeachyesterday.

反身代词的短语：1.foroneself为自己2.byoneself单独地，独自地，不要别人帮忙3.enjoyoneself玩得高兴4.teachoneself自学Eg：1.Sheboughtanewdress____________.（她为自己买了一条新裙子。）2.Icandoit________.(我能自己做。)3.They________________yesterday.

（他们昨天玩得很高兴。）forherselfbymyselfenjoyedthemselves人称代词“it”和反身代词的活用例题：It’sfiveo’clock.It’ssunnytoday.It’snecessarytobuythatdictionary.Ifinditdifficulttolearnskatingwell.Mr.Li,pleasespeakloudertomakeyourselfheard.解析：it可以指不知性别的小婴儿，天气，时间，温度或距离，也可以在句子中做形式主语和宾语，真正的主语或宾语是句中的不定式.Makeoneself+过去分词表示“使自己被别人...”helpyourselfto…,makeyourselfathome

用括号内的词的适当形式填空。Heisagoodfriendof______.(she)Sheisastallas_______(she)father.Wewant_______(they)tohelpus.Tominvited______(we)todinner.______(us)arestudents.6.Heenjoyed_______(he)verymuchyesterday.7.______(they)booksarenew,but______(we)areold.8.Everythinggoeswell.doesn’tit?No,somethingiswrongwith______(me)bike.9.Let______(our)help______(you)with______(yourself)English.10.Thesebooksareveryimportantto_______(I).不定代词someany例题：Ihavesomebottles,butIdon’thavesomewater.(改错）

Wouldyoulikeanythingtoeat?Canyougivemeanyadvice?解析：some,表示“一些,几个”any表示“一些，任何”，两者既可以接名词复数也可接不可数名词。Some常用于肯定句，any常用于否定句和疑问句，但在希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中仍用some和由some构成的复合代词。例题：Ihaveanyfriendshere.(改错)Istheresomemilkinthebottle？(改错)Couldyoulendmesomemoney?Doyoufeelanybetter?Doyouhaveanythingimportanttosay?Wouldyoulikesomethingelse?解析：some,any表示一些，既可以修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词，some用于肯定句中，any用于疑问句和否定句中但在表示请求、建议、征求对方意见的问句中用some

由some，no,any和every构成的复合不定代词被形容词或else修饰时，放在这些不定代词之后。manyV.S.much例题：Ihavemuchbooksandmanyfood.(改错）

Manypeopleisthere.Therearemuchtotalkaboutatthemeeting.解析：Many修饰可数名词，谓语用复数，而much修饰不可数名词，谓语用单数。都表示很多

many和much有形容词的特征，比较级和最高级为more和most。

Manybooksareinteresting.不定代词(a)few(a)little例题：Couldyougivemeafewwater?(改错)Hehasalittlefriendsbutfewrealfriends。Thereislittlejuiceinthebottle,isn’tthere?解析：afew和alittle表示“少数，不多，还有一些”,few和little表示“很少，几乎没有”，含有否定含义。(a)few后接名词复数，（a）little后接不可数名词。例题：TheEnglishnoveliseasyforyou.Thereare___newwordsinit.A.littleB.alittleC.fewD.afew规则:alittle/little修饰不可数名词

afew/few修饰可数名词带有a的表示肯定，不带的表是否定不定代词itonethatthose例题：Ilikeyourcat._____isbeautiful.Whichsweaterdoyoulikebetter,thered______ortheyellow______?TheairinGuilinismuchfresherthan_______ofZhuzhou.解析：为了避免重复，在代指前面说过的事物时

it---代指前面说过的同一件事物

one---代指前面说过的同类事物中的一件，复数onesthat---前后作比较时，代指前面说过的事物，复数，those例题：翻译句子：1.NotallthestudentsarefromChina.2.NoteveryoneinmyclasslikesEnglish.解析：Not否定all,both,every,等词时为部分否定正确的翻译为：并不是所有的学生都来自中国。并不是我们班上的每一个人都喜欢英语。Therearemanytreesonallsidesofstreet.Therearemanytreesonanysideofthestreet.Therearemanytreesoneverysideofthestreet.botheithereach词义指两个指三个或以上每一个eachEvery任何一个eitherAny另一个TheotherAnother都bothAll在……之间betweenamongThereisashoponanothersideofthestreet.HeissittingamongTomandJim.theotherbetween词义指两个指三个每一个eachEvery任何一个eitherAny另一个TheotherAnother都bothAll在……之间betweenamong不定代词例题：Everyofthestudentshasadictionary.(改错）

Eachstudenthaveanewschooluniform.Weshouldhelpeveryother.解析：each表示两个或两个以上中的每一个，强调个体,可以用“each+of+名词”结构，但every不行。Every表示三个或三个以上中的每一个，强调整体。两个的谓语皆用单数。表相互关系的相互代词是固定搭配，只能说“eachother”或“oneanother”,表示“互相”例题：Bothofusisright.(改错）

Theyknowalltheanswer.(改错）

WeallarefromChina..(改错）

Notalltheanswersareright.Noneofthestudentslikeit.解析：both表示”两者都...”all表示”三者或三者以上都...”none表示“三者或三者以上都不...”all谓语用复数，做同位语时，放在实义动词之前，be动词之后，both用法相同

Notall...或者all...not表示的是部分否定，而none表示的是全部否定。例题：Eitherofthemareright.(改错)NeitheryounorJanespeakJapanese.(改错)解析：either表示“两者当中任何一个”，谓语用单数。可以和or连用，“either...or...”表示”或者...或者...”，“不是...就是...”Neither表示“两者当着任何一个都不”，谓语用单数。可以和nor连用，“neither...nor...”表示”既不...也不...”谓语形式和or和nor后面的主语保持一致。either,neither的用法小结解析：either表示任意一个都可以

neither表示两者都不行-CanIcomethiseveningortomorrowevening?-________isOK.I’mfreetodayadtomorrow.-CanIcomethiseveningortomorrowevening?-_______.WhataboutnextSundayevening?EitherNeitherWouldyoulikesomecoffeeortea?____.Idon’tmind.Wouldyoulikesomecoffeeortea?____.GivemeacupofwaterEitherNeither例题：Neitherofthemhavehadlunch.例题：--Lucyisn’t8.--SoisLily.例题：NeitherhenorIarewrong规则：两者都不，谓语动词用单数形式规则：“某某也不是”用Neither+助动词+主语“某某也如此”用so+助动词+主语规则：neither…nor…表示既不，也不，就近原则

either…or…和notonly…butalso也是一样的hasNeitherisLilyamother

其他的，别的others=other+名词one…theother…（两个中的）一个另一个theothers=theother+名词（两部分中）剩下的，其余的another（三个或三个以上的）另一个，后接名词单数

Eg:1.Thisshirtistoosmall.Pleasegiveme________one!2.Ihavetwopens.______isredand__________isblack.anotherOnetheother3.Look,somestudentsareplayingbasketballand_______studentsareplayingsoccer.4.Somepeoplelikeapplesand______preferoranges.5.AllgirlsinourclasslikeEnglish,______studentslikemath.6.Hehaseatentwoeggs.Thenhehad______one.otherotherstheotheranotherotherstudents=othersothers=otherpeopletheotherstudents=theothers例题：Ihavesomethingimportant_______(do)例题：Doyouhave______________(美味的的东西）规则：something,anything后一定要用动词不定式规则:形容词修饰复合不定代词anything,something,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody时，一定要放于后面Ihavealotofhomework____.A.doB.todoC.doingD.didDidyouhave______toread?A.anythingnewB.newanything

todoanythingdelicious例题：Ithought____easyforthekidstofinish.A.itB.thatC.this规则:充当形式宾语的只能用it

常用的句型有

Ithinkit+adj+todoImakeit+adj+todoIfindit+adj+todo请注意形式主语的用法

itiseasy/hard/important/difficult/todosth例题：something某事，一些事

anything一些事/任一件事

nothing没什么事Somebody某人Anybody任何一个人Nobody没有一个人1.Thethreemen—Bob,Joeand________cametoschoollateyesterday.A.meB.IC.him2.Thesentence_________iswrong.A.itB.itsC.itself3.ThepopulationofChinaislargerthan_______ofJapanA.itB.thatC.one4.Ifyouhavenomoney,I’lllendyou_________.A.afewB.anyC.some

5.LiLeiisclevererthan__________inhisclass.A.AnybodyB.ElseanyoneC.Anyoneelse6._________likemusic.A.BothofthemB.BothoftheyC.Thebothgirls7.Hehas__________totellyou.A.ImportantsomethingB.SomethingimportantC.Usefulnothing8._________oftheteachersaregoodinourschool.A.everyB.eachC.All9.NeitherhenorI_______young.A.amB.beC.is10.Whydon’tyouget__________toreadwhileyouareonholiday?A.anythingB.somethingC.nothing11.Oneshoulddo_____be