Unit 4 Grammar 语法过去分词做表语和状语课件【知识精讲+备课精研】 高中英语外研版（2019）选择性必修第二册

Grammar:过去分词作表语和状语1.Thegirlswere________toseesuchanopencountry.Thefarmscoveredaverylargearea,whichwas_________.amazedamazingFillineachblankwiththecorrectformofaverbfromthebox.Findthedifferencebetweeneachpairofsentences,payingattentiontothe-edand–ingforms.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.seefrightenheadamaze感到……令人……姑娘们看到如此广袤的国家甚为惊讶。这些农场面积之大令人惊讶。textbookP412.Goingintothewildernessalonecanbe___________.Doyoufeel___________whengoingintothewildernessalone?frighteningfrightened3._______fromthetopofthemountain,thescenerywasreallyfascinating.________thesceneryfromthetopofthemountain,Iwasfascinatedbytheautumncolors.SeenSeeing感到……令人……被动主动4._________eastwards,youwillpasstheCanadianRockies.Finally,thecompany--________byitsnewmanager--startedtomakeaprofit.Headingheaded被动主动独自一人进入荒野令人恐惧。你一个人进入荒野感到恐惧吗？从山顶往下望，景色令人着迷。我在山顶看风景，被秋天绚烂的色彩深深吸引。往东，你会经过加拿大落基山脉。最终，在新经理的带领下，公司开始盈利。

过去分词可放在连系动词be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become等之后作表语,表示主语所处的情绪或状态，用作表语的过去分词大多已形容词化，比如：married，exhausted，surprised，drunk等。

e.g.Heseemedquitedelightedatthenews.

Helookedpuzzled,soIrepeatedthequestion.Hismothergotveryannoyedbecausehecouldn’trecitetheidioms.一、过去分词作表语1.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:

e.g.Thestoreisnowclosed.

(系表结构,强调主语所处的状态)

Thelibraryisusuallyclosedat8:00p.m.

(被动语态,强调主语所承受的动作)归纳被动语态表示动作,强调被动关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。作

表语

用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite、very、rather等修饰词。2．英语中有一些表示心理变化的动词，它们的v.-ing和v.-ed形式通常起形容词作用，在句中作表语或定语，其v.-ing形式表示主动意义,即“令人……的”,多用来修饰物;其v.-ed形式表示被动意义,即“感到……的”,多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情等。常见的这类词有：种类例词vt.使……感到……surprise,excite,worry,amaze,puzzle,annoy,bore,satisfy,confuse,interest,embarrass,disappoint,frustrate,frighten,shock,exhaust,depress,amuse,astonish,relax,tire,encourage种类例词adj.感到……(修饰人)surprised,excited,worried,amazed,puzzled,annoyed,bored,satisfied,confused,interested,embarrassed,disappointed,frustrated,frightened,shocked,exhausted,depressed,amused,astonished,relaxed,tired,encouragedadj.令人……(修饰物)surprising,exciting,worrying,amazing,puzzling,annoying,boring,satisfying,confusing,interesting,embarrassing,disappointing,frustrating,frightening,shocking,exhausting,depressing,amusing,astonishing,relaxing,tiring,encouraging易混易错点一、不定式、v.-ing形式(动名词、现在分词)、过去分词作表语的区别二、动词的非谓语形式作remain的表语

主语+remain

Sheremainedstanding(=wasstillstanding)thoughwerepeatedlyaskedhertositdown.虽然我们三番五次地请她坐下,但她还是站着。Thetrueauthorofthebookremainsunknown(=isstillunknown).这本书真正的作者依然不详。Muchremainstobedone.许多事仍需去做。Ⅰ.单句填空1.Wetakecareofpatientsofallages.Thereisnotypeofinjury,medicalorsurgicalconditionthatwearenot

equipped

(equip)tocarefor.2.Alifeburdenedwithworkleadsyounowhere,foryouwillgettiredand

bored

(bore)withyourdailyroutinework.Ⅱ.单句改错1.Feelingtiring,LiHuawenttobedimmediately.

tiring→tired

2.Thecontrastintheirpointsofviewissoextremethatwegrowpuzzlingsometimes.

puzzling→puzzled

3.Butforthelatter,requiringthemtospeakmaybeembarrassedbecausetheyusuallyknownothing.

embarrassed→embarrassing

4.Iwasworryinganddecidedtotakehertothehospital.

worrying→worried

二、过去分词作状语过去分词(短语)作状语,表示动作发生的背景或情况,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。过去分词(短语)在句中作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。1.表示时间

过去分词(短语)作时间状语,相当于一个时间状语从句。

e.g.Asked(=Whenhewasasked)whathadhappened,heloweredhishead.2.表示原因过去分词(短语)作原因状语,相当于一个原因状语从句。

e.g.Scared(=Because/Asshewasscared)ofthetiger,thegirldidn’tdaretosleepalone.3.表示条件过去分词(短语)作条件状语，相当于一个条件状语从句。e.g.Given

(=Ifweweregiven)moretime,wecoulddoitsubstantiallybetter.4.表示让步过去分词(短语)作让步状语,相当于一个让步状语从句。

e.g.Left(Althoughhewasleft)athome,Johndidn’tfeelscaredatall.5.表示方式或伴随过去分词(短语)作方式或伴随状语,可以转换成一个并列句。

e.g.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,(andhewas)followedbyagroupofstudents.【特别提醒】①过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语要与句子的主语相一致。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishtherobber.(×)Ifcaught,therobberwillbepunishedbythepolice.(√)②过去分词作状语时，其前面可以带有相应的连词，如when，if，unless，once，until，asif，though，although等，表示时间、条件、让步、方式等。When(itis)heated,watercanbechangedintovapor.加热时，水可以变成蒸汽。【易混辨析】现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别：①过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。Praisedbyhermother,Marywaspleasedalltheday.由于受到母亲的表扬，玛丽一整天都很高兴。②现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作是句子主语发出的，它们之间是主动关系。Feelingataloss,heturnedtohisfriendsforhelp.由于感到不知所措，他向朋友们求助。Ⅰ.单句填空1.Clearlyandthoughtfully

written

(write),thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseekanswersoftheirown.2.

Hosted

(host)byJinanMunicipalPeople'sGovernment,thewinterswimmingracehasbeenheldforsevensuccessiveyears.3.

Compared

(compare)withthetraditionaltrademode,theydon'thavetospendmoneyinrentingahouse.However,therearestillsomedisadvantagestoonlineshopping.Ⅱ.单句改错1.Seeingfromthetop,thecityisextremelybeautiful.

Seeing→Seen

2.Inaddition,attractingbyinterestingtopics,youarefreetogetinvolvedintheweeklydiscussion.

attracting→attracted

3.Dressinginblack,hewasplayingwithasmartphonewhileeating.

Dressing→Dressed

单句语法填空1.(2019课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解D,)Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovided(provide)withtouchscreens.句意:在猴子们的笼子里它们被提供触摸屏。所填词与句子主语是被动关系,因此

应该用过去分词与were一起构成被动语态。2.(2019课标全国Ⅲ,语法填空,)Wewerefirstgreeted(greet)withthebarkingbyapackofdogs,seventobeexact.句意:首先迎接我们的是一群狗的叫声,准确地说是七只。所填词与句子主语是被

动关系,因此用过去分词与were一起构成被动语态。3.(2019课标全国Ⅱ,完形填空,)Backhome,Ehlerswastroubled

(trouble)bythatlostdog.句意:回到家里,Ehlers被那只迷路的狗所困扰。根据句中的介词by,并结合句意可知,此处需要用过去分词与was一起构成被动语态。4.(2019课标全国Ⅲ,语法填空,)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewere

invited(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorth

Shoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.句意:在我们为期一周的逗留的最后一天,我们被邀请到北岸一个美丽的农场参加

一场星空下的私人音乐会,听着音乐家的演奏,并遇见有趣的当地人。考查过去分

词。所填词与句子主语之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词与were一起构成被动语

态。5.(2019北京,语法填空A,)Nervouslyfacing(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”.句意:紧张地面对挑战时,我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的单词“Beyourself

(做你自己)”。考查非谓语动词。分析句式可知,此处作句子的状语,要用非谓语

动词,且与其逻辑主语I之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。故填facing。6.(2019课标全国Ⅰ,短文改错,)Ibecameinterested(interest)inplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.句意:由于一次小事故,我对踢足球产生了兴趣。考查过去分词作表语。此处应填

过去分词interested与前面的became构成系表结构。7.(2018北京,完形填空改)Whenthecar'sownerandhiscolleaguereturnedtothecar,whichwasitselfworth￡35,000,theywereshocked(shock)tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.句意:当车主和他的同事回到这辆本身价值35,000英镑的汽车时,他们惊讶地发现

车旁边站着两名警察。此处需要用过去分词作表语,shocked震惊的。8.(2018天津,阅读理解B,

)“There'ssomereallygoodstuff(艺术作品)upthere.”Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused(confuse).句意:“上面有一些非常好的艺术作品。”她走了下来,看上去很困惑。look是系

动词,此处应填过去分词confused,意为“感到困惑的”。9.(2018课标全国Ⅲ,语法填空,)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlookingdirectlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged(challenge).句意:我迅速弯下身子,低下头,避免直视它的眼睛,这样它就不会感觉受到了挑

战。考查过去分词。根据语境可知,此处表示不直视它的眼睛,它就不会感觉受到

了挑战。主语he与challenge为逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词challenged。10.(2018江苏,书面表达,)Forexample,therearehugequantitiesofreferencebooksaboutwhichIam