2023年职称英语考试理工类B级模拟题二

第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题背面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其背面旳问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡对应旳位置上。第一篇

InsomniaInsomniaistheinabilitytosleeprestfully.Itisaproblemtonearlyeveryoneatsometime.Apersonmaybeawakeforanhourinthemiddleofthenightandthen,nextmorning,feelthathehardlysleptallnight.Normally,worryaboutnotgettingenoughsleepistheworstaspectofmostinsomnia.Ifinsomniaoccursrepeatedly,itisimportanttofinditspossiblecausesandtrytocorrectthem.Anyoflargenumberofsimplefactorsmaymakeitdifficultforsomeonetofallasleep.Hismattressmaybetoosoftortoohard.Iftherearetoomanyblanketsonahotnight,hemaybetoowarm;ifthemattressistoolighthemayfeelcoldduringthenight.Thebedroomitselfmaybeoverheatedortoocold.Ifitisnotdarkenough,ortoonoisy,thismaycausedifficultyinsleeping.Eatingshortlybeforegoingtobedmayalsoberesponsibleforinsomnia.Drinks,suchasteaorcoffee,canalsokeeppeopleawake.Inabilitytofallasleepissometimesasymptomofemotionalormentaldisorder.Thecauseofinsomniamaybeeasytocorrect.Thesufferershouldcheckthemattress,andbedroomtemperature,andmakeanynecessarychanges.Heshouldrelaxforanhourortwobeforebedtime,perhapsbyreadingabook,watchingtelevisionortakingawarmbath.Ifhewakesduringthenightheshouldtryturningonthelightandreadingforawhile.Takingwarmmilkandabiscuitortwomaybehelpful.Aboveall,heshouldtrynotworryaboutsleeplessness—whensomeoneistiredenoughhenearlyalwaysfallsasleep.

31Accordingtothepassage,insomniaisAaseriousdisease.Bacommoncomplaint.Casignofillness.Danunusualproblem32Accordingtothepassage,peoplewhohasdifficultyinsleepingshouldsleepinAadarkandquietroom.Balightandwarmroom.Cacoldandquietroom.Dadarkandwarmroom.33Accordingtothepassage,ifapersonwantstofallasleepfastheshouldn’tAeatanythingduringsuppertime.Breadanybooksbeforehegoestobed.Cwatchtelevisionshortlybeforegoingtobed.Ddrinkanythingthatwillkeephimawake.34Accordingtothepassage,whatistheworstaspectofinsomnia?AWatchingtoomuchtelevision.BEatingtoomuchbeforegoingtobed.CWorryingaboutsleeplessness.DReadingtoomuchatnight.35Accordingtotheauthor,insomniashouldn’tbeaseriousproblembecauseAitscausecanbecorrectedbymakingoneselffeeltiredenough.Bdoctorscancureiteasily.Csomepeoplecancatchupontheirsleepduringtheday.Dsomepeopledon’tneedsomuchsleep.

第二篇

Mind-readingMachine

AteamofresearchersinCaliforniahasdevelopedawaytopredictwhatkindsofobjectspeoplearelookingatbyscanningwhat'shappeningintheirbrains.

Whenyoulookatsomething,youreyessendasignalaboutthatobjecttoyourbrain.Differentregionsofthebrainprocesstheinformationyoureyessend.Cellsinyourbraincalledneuronsareresponsibleforthisprocessing.

ThefMRI(functionalMagneticResonanceImaging)brainscanscouldgenerallymatchelectricalactivityinthebraintothebasicshapeofapicturethatsomeonewaslookingat.

Likecellsanywhereelseinyourbody,activeneuronsuseoxygen.Bloodbringsoxygentotheneurons,andthemoreactiveaneuronis,themoreoxygenitwillconsume.Themoreactivearegionofthebrain,themoreactiveitsneurons,andinturn,themorebloodwilltraveltothatregion.AndbyusingfMRI,scientistscanvisualizewhichpartsofthebrainreceivemoreoxygen-richblood--andtherefore,whichpartsareworkingtoprocessinformation.

AnfMRImachineisadevicethatscansthebrainandmeasureschangesinbloodflowtothebrain.Thetechnologyshowsresearchershowbrainactivitychangeswhenapersonthinks,looksatsomething,orcarriesoutanactivitylikespeakingorreading.Byhighlightingtheareasofthebrainatworkwhenapersonlooksatdifferentimages,fMRImayhelpscientistsdeterminespecificpatternsofbrainactivityassociatedwithdifferentkindsofimages.

TheCaliforniaresearcherstestedbrainactivitybyhavingtwovolunteersviewhundredsofpicturesofeverydayobjects,likepeople,animals,andfruits.ThescientistsusedanfMRImachinetorecordthevolunteers'brainactivitywitheachphotographtheylookedat.Differentobjectscauseddifferentregionsofthevolunteers'brainstolightuponthescan,indicatingactivity.Thescientistsusedthisinformationtobuildamodeltopredicthowthebrainmightrespondtoanyimagetheeyessee.

Inasecondtest,thescientistsaskedthevolunteerstolookat120newpictures.Likebefore,theirbrainswerescannedeverytimetheylookedatanewimage.Thistime,thescientistsusedtheirmodeltomatchthefMRIscanstotheimage.Forexample,ifascaninthesecondtestshowedthesamepatternofbrainactivitythatwasstrongly,relatedtopicturesofapplesinthefirsttest,theirmodelwouldhavepredictedthevolunteerswerelookingatapples.

36.Whatisresponsibleforprocessingtheinformationsentbyyoureyes?

A

Asmallregionofthebrain.

B

Thecentralpartofthebrain.

C

Neuronsinthebrain.

D

Oxygen-richblood.37.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmeantbythewriter?

A

Cellsinyourbrainarecalledneurons.

B

Themoreoxygenaneuronconsumes,themoreblooditneeds.

C

fMRIhelpsscientiststodiscoverwhichpartsofthebrainprocessinformation.

D

fMRIhelpsscientiststodiscoverhowthebraindevelopsintelligently.38."Highlightingtheareasofthebrainatwork"means

A

"markingthepartsofthebrainthatareprocessinginformation"

B

"givinglighttothepartsofthebrainthatareprocessinginformation"

C

"puttingthepartsofthebraintowork"

D

"stoppingthepartsofthebrainfromworking"39.Whatdidtheresearchersexperimenton?

A

Animals,objects,andfruits.

B

Twovolunteers.

C

fMRImachines.

D

Thousandsofpictures.40.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebestreplacementofthetitle?

A

TheRecentDevelopmentinScienceandTechnology.

B

YourThoughtsCanBeScanned.

C

ATechnologicalDream.D

DevicethatcanHelpYouCalculate.

第三篇

ListeningDeviceProvidesLandslideEarlyWarningAdevicethatprovidesearlywarningofalandslidebymonitoringvibrationsinsoilisbeingtestedbyUKresearchers.Thedevicecouldsavethousandsofliveseachyearbywarningwhenanareashouldbeevacuated,thescientistssay.

Suchnaturaldisastersarccommonincountriesthatexperiencesudden,heavyrainfall,andcanalsobetriggeredbyearthquakesandevenwatererosion.Landslidesstartwhenafewparticlesofsoilorrockwithinaslopestarttomove,buttheearlystagescanbehardtospot.

Followingthisinitialmovement,"slopescanbecomeunstableinamatterofhoursorminutes,"saysNellDixonatSouthboroughUniversity1,UK.Hesaysawarningsystemthatmonitorsthismovement"mightbeenoughtoevacuateablockofflatsorcleararoad,andsavelives."Themostcommonwaytomonitoraslopeforsignsofanimminentlandslideistowatchforchangesinitsshape.Surveyorscandothisbymeasuringasidedirectly,orsensorssunkintoboreholesorfixedabovegroundcanbeusedtomonitortheshapeofaslope.Slopescan.however,changeshapewithouttriggeringalandslide,soeithermethodispronetocausingfalsealarms.NowDixon'steamhasdevelopedadevicethatlistensforthevibrations'causedwhenparticlesbeginmovingwithinaslope.Thedevicetakestheformofasteelpipedroppedintoaboreholeinaslope.Theboreholeisfilledinwithgravelaroundthepipetohelptransmithigh-frequencyvibrationsgeneratedbyparticleswithintheslope.Thesevibrationspassupthetubeandarepickedupbyasensoronthesurface.Softwareanalysesthevibrationsignaltodeterminewhetheralandslidemaybeimminent.Thedeviceiscurrentlybeingtestedina6-metre-tallartificialclayembankmentinNewcastle2,UK.Earlyresultssuggestitshouldprovidefewerfalsepositivesthanexistingsystems.Onceithasbeencarefullyandthoroughlytested,thedevicecouldbeusedtocreateacompleteearly-warningsystemfordangerousSlopes."Locationswithasignificantriskoflandslidescoulddefinitelybenefitfromamachinelikethis,"saysAdamPoulter,anexpertattheBritishRedCross."Aslongasitdoesn'tcosttoomuch,"But,Poulteraddsthatanearly-warningsystemmaynotbeenoughonitsown."Youneedtohavethehumancommunication,"hesays."Makingsystemsthatgetwarningstothosewhoneedthemcanbedifficult."

41.Whatdoes"Suchnaturaldisasters"inthefirstparagraphreferto?

A

Sudden,heavyrainfall.

B

Earthquakes.

C

Watererosion.

D

Landslides.42.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoflandslides?

A

Theinitialmovementishardtospot.

B

Theystartwithamovementofafewparticlesofsoilorrock.

C

Theycanbedestructiveinamatterofhoursorminutes.

D

Alloftheabove.43.Whydoresearchersdevelopanewdevicetomonitorsignsoflandsides?

A

Becausethenewdevicecanmeasurethesitedirectly.

B

Becausethenewdevicecanbesunkintoboreholesorfixedaboveground.

C

Becausethecommonmethods.cancausefalsealarms.

D

Becausethecommonmethodsareuseless.44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofthedevice,accordingtoParagraph4?

A

Itisfilledinwithgravel.

B

Itconsistsofasteelpipe.

C

Itisdroppedintoaboreholefilledinwithgravel.

D

Itisconnectedtoasensoronthesurface.45.Accordingtothecontext,whatdoestheword"positives"inthefifthparagraphmean?

A

Positiveelectriccharges.

B

Evidences.

C

Warnings.

D

Predictions.

第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)阅读下面旳短文，文章中有5处空白，文章背面有6组文字，请根据文章旳内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡对应旳位置上。

FormsofEnvironmentalDisease

46.Howthediseasesareexpresseddependsonhowtheparticularenvironmentalagententersthebody,howitismetabolized(引起代谢)，andbywhatrouteitisexcreted.Theskin,lungs,liver,kidneys,and

47.Ofparticularconcernisthecapacityofmanyenvironmentalagentstocausevariouscancers,birthdefectsorspontaneousaffection(throughfetalexposure),andmutations(突变)ingermcells,

48.Environmentalillnessescanbemildorsevereandrangefromtransienttochronic,dependingonthedosesoftoxin(毒素)received.Somediseasesoccurabruptlyatatoxicexposure,whereasthetimeofonsetofotherdiseasesvariesafterexposure.

49.Thoseillnessesthatoccurdirectlyafteradistincttoxicexposureareusuallyeasilyidentifiedasbeingenvironmentallyoroccupationallycaused.Iftheexposureisnotclear-cutorillnessisdelayed,however,thecauseisdifficulttoidentify,asclinicalfeaturesaloneareusuallynonspecific.

50.Insuchinstances,epidemiologicalstudiesofexposedpopulationscanhelprelateexposurestotheillnessestheycause.

AEnvironmentallyinducedcancers,forexample,commonlyinvolvelatency(潜伏期)periodsof15to30yearsormoreBInaddition,manydifferentcauses,environmentalorotherwise,mayproduceidenticalillnessesCHowever,thereverseistrueDnervoussystemsarecommonlyaffectedbydifferentagentsindifferentsettingsEthelastnamedraisingpossibilitiesofenvironmentallycausedgeneticdiseasesinlatergenerationsFEnvironmentaldiseasescanaffectanyorgansystemofthebody第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)阅读下面旳短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出4个选项，请根据短文旳内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡对应旳位置上。

TakingaNapDuringtheDay

MedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotget

51

sleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleoftheday.Theyareadvisingpeopletosleeplightlybefore

52

withotheractivities.

Onestudyearlierthisyearfoundthatpersonswhosleepforafewminutesduringthedaywereless

53

todieofheartdisease.Thestudyfollowedmorethan2,300Greekadults

54

aboutsixyears.Adultswhorestedforhalfanhour

55

threetimesaweekhada37presentlowerriskofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.

Studyorganizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmightimprove

56

bymitigatingtensioncausedbywork.

SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe

57

ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto

58

work,gohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.IntheUnitedStates,somecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.Theybelievethisreduces59

andaccidents,and

60

increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.

Sleepexpertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatothertimes.Theysaypeopleshouldnotcarryoutimportantdutieswhentheyfeel

61

Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap.Abouttwentyminutesofrestis

62

youneed.Expertssaythisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness

63

theendoftheday.Butexpertswarnthatanap

64

lastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthebodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbe

65

.

51.A

sweet

B

sound

C

bad