2023年职称英语考试理工类A级试题

第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为靠近旳选项。

1Whycan'tyoustopyoureternalcomplaining？

AeverlastingBlongCtemporaryDboring

2Hundredsofbuildingswerewreckedbytheearthquake.

AshakenBdamaged

CfallenDjumped

3Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.

AfaithfulBroyal

CgenuineDsincere

4Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.

AattractionBsimplicity

CpowerDrigor

5Tenyearsaftertheevent，herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.

AmistBfog

CmysteryDsecret

6Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation，

AannoyedBtroubled

CangeredDaroused

7Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.

AborrowedBpurchased

CrewrittenDcopied

8Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch

AfastenedBencouraged

CraisedDinitiated

9Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney

AsomeBlittle

CextraDenough

10Thedoctor'spillsworkedmarvelsforme.

ApatientsBmiracles

CillnessDrecovery

11Mary'sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.

AmonotonousBendless

CseriousDbitter

12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment

AoldBunforgettable

CfunnyDunfair

13Youdidn'tadheretotheseprinciples.

AfollowBorder

CproveDhandle

14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland.

AemptyBhairless

CbareDsmooth

15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.

AexpressionsBwarnings

CinstructionsDadvertisements

第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断：假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；假如该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C.

Water-theIssueofThisCentury

Theworldisrunningshortoffreshwater.Populationsaregrowingbiggerand

Thirstier（渴旳），withtheresultthatfreshwaterisbecomingincreasinglyscarce（缺乏）。Halftheworld'swetlandshavedisappearedduringthelastcentury，whileestimatessuggestthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.

TheWorldBankreportestimatesthatasmuchashalfoftheworld'spopulation，concentratedinAfrica，theMiddleEastandsouthAsia，willface'severewatershortages'by2025.Localwaterconflictsandthelossoffreshwaterecosystemsappearlargeinsomeregions.

Asimilarpictureemergesfromtheglobe'ssaltwaterregions.Three-quartersoftheworld'speoplemaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025，puttingevenmorepressureonstretchedcoastalecosystems.Twothirdsoffisheries（渔业）areexploitedatorbeyondtheirsustainablelimits，andhalftheworld'scoralreefs（珊瑚礁）mayperishin100years.Almost60%ofcoralreefsand34%offishspeciesareatriskfromhumanactivities，theBanksays.

Thereportconcludesthatthereisampleevidencetojustifyimmediateandcoordinatedactiontosafeguardsuppliesandusewatermoreefficiently.

Freshwaterconsumptionisrisingquickly，andtheavailabilityofwaterinsomeregionsislikelytobecomeoneofthemostpressingissuesofthe21stcentury.

Athirdoftheworld'spopulation-aroundtwobillionpeople-liveincountriesthatareexperiencingmoderatetohighwatershortages.Thatproportioncouldrisetohalformoreinthenext30yearsunlessinstitutions（制度）changetoensurebetterconservationandallocationofwater.

Chinaisonecountrywheretheportents（征兆）aregloomy.Themostwater-stressedcountryinEastAsia，Chinaisexploiting44%ofitsusablewater，afigureprojectedtoriseto60%by.Primarywithdrawalofwaterofmorethan60%iswidelyconsideredbywaterexpertstoexceedtheenvironmentalcarryingcapacityofariverbasinsystem.AlthoughChina'stotaluseappearsstilltobereasonable，ithasseveralbasinsthatareseverelystressedenvironmentally.

WithdrawalsexceedenvironmentallimitsinAfghanistanandPakistan，andwillexceedtheminIndiaby.IntheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica，onlyMoroccohasunexploitedwaterresources.Theresthaveexceededenvironmentallimitsandmanyareminingaquifers（蓄水层）-bodiesofwater-bearingrock-thereportsays.

16Itisestimatedthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Mostdevelopedcountrieswillfacewatershortagesin20years.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Mostoftheworld'spopulationmaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Almostallcoralreefsmaydisappearin100years.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20SomespeciesoffishintheAtlanticareatdangerouslylowlevels.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21TheWorldBankreportimpliesthaturgentactionshouldbetakentoprotectwatersupplies.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Indiaexceedsenvironmentallimitsforwateruse.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面旳短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题规定从所给旳6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Chimpanzees

1Chimpanzees（黑猩猩）willsoonbeextinct（灭绝）。Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat（栖息地）destructioncontinues，thenwithin20years，therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy（悲剧）。Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications（含意）forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.

2In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes（基因组）matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse，

usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests，whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact，chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.Aswellasresemblingusgenetically，chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority（优先）。Butthereisanother，moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.

3Thechimpanzees'trumpcard（王牌）comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians（兽医）oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular，chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatissointeresting.

4Forexample，chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV，thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed，theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.

5Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing（找到）theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans，scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This，theyhope，willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration（变化）ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.23Paragraph1。

24Paragraph2。

25Paragraph3。

26Paragraph4。

AReasonsforHIVresistance

BImplicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans

CEffectiveAIDStreatment

DGeneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans

EChimps'resistancetoHIV

FGeneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsand“humans

27Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect。

28Thereisadifferenceoflessthan2%betweenthechimpand。

29Scientistssuspectthatgenesplayasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting。

30Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto。

Asomehumandiseasetreatments

Bsomediseases

Chumansurvival

Dhumangenomes

Ekeyareas

Fhealthierlifestyle

第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

31The“YouthEmancipation”programaimsathelpingyoungpeople

Afightforfreedom.

Bliveinanindependentway.

Cfightagainstsocialinjustice.

Dgetridoffamilyresponsibilities.

32Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph5thatfamilytiesarestrongerinPortugalthanin

AFinland.

BGreece.

CSpain.

DItaly.

33Youngpeople'sfamilydependencecanbeattributedtoallthefollowingfactorsEXCEPT

Aparents'tolerance.

Bhousingproblems.

Cculturaltraditions.

Dunwillingnesstogetmarried.

34Whichofthefollowingstatementsis，NOTtrueofDionisioMasso？

ASheis60yearsold.

BShehasaboyfriend.

CShehasthreechildren.

DShelivesinMadrid.

35Thephrase“waryof”inparagraph8couldbebestreplacedby

Atiredof.

Bafraidof.

Ccautiousabout.

Dworriedabout.

第二篇

36Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutbirdsongs？

AFemalezebrafinchesaretooshytosingbeforemales.

BMalezebrafinchessinglouderthanfemales.

CFemalezebrafinchesliketolistentounknownmalessing.

DMalezebrafincheschangetheirsongstoattractfemales.

37Whatdidtheresearchersfindintheirstudyoffemalezebrafinches？

AFemalefinchesonlylikedsongsmalefinchessangfortheirmates

BFemalefincheslikedsongsmalefinchessangforthem.

CFemalefincheslikedtolistentosongsfrombothspeakers，

DFemalefincheschosethebestmalesingersastheirmates.

38Whatismeantby“concertsongs”inparagraph？

ASongssungbyzebrafinchesataconcert.

BSongssungbyfemalefinchesformalefinches.

CSongssungbymalefinchesforfemalefinches.

DSongssungbymalefinchestootherfinches.

39Theexpression“directedcommunication”inthelastparagraphmeanscommunicationinwhich

Athemessagesenderhasaspecificaudience.

Bthecommunicatorsendsmessagestohimself.

Ctwocommunicatorssendmessagestoeachother.

Dmotherstalktotheirbabiesintheirmothertongue.

40Whichofthefollowingcanbestreflectthethemeofthepassage？

AChirpingaway.

BZebrafinchesandtheirlife.

CBirdsongsascommunication.

DFrequenciesofbirdsongs.

第三篇

TheRobotMan

AccordingtoHansMoravec，universalrobotswilltakeoverallthephysical

41Whatwillbethedistinctivefeatureofthesecondgenerationrobots？

ATheywillbeabletorecognizespeechesandtexts.

BTheywillbeabletolearnbythemselves.

CTheywillbeabletopredictproblems.

DTheywillbeabletomatchhumanreasoningandbehavior.

42Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthefuturerobots？

ATheywillrelieveusofmanychores.

BTheywilltakeovertheinformationindustry.

CTheywillneversurpassus.

DTheywillbecomehigh-costcommodityitems.

43Theauthor'smainpurposeisto

AdescribethelifeofHansMoravec.

Bsupporttheviewthatrobotswillplayamajorroleinourlife.

CmakefunoftheviewsofHansMoravec.

Dgetpeoplepreparedforthethreatoffuturerobots.

44Theword“plummet”inparagraph6means

Adecrease.

Bstretch.

Cextend.

Dgrow.

45WhatdoesMoravecthinkofthesefuturerobots？

ATheywilllooklikepreviousbiologicalchildren

BTheywillbehumans'mind-children.

CTheywillcreateadangerousworld.

DTheywillruletheworld.

第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面旳短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

MyLifeatRenda

Ilearnedveryquicklythatbeingateachingassistant（TA）attheUniversityofIowawouldbedifferentfrombeingateacheratRenminUniversity.

（46）Eyesstaring，mouthsopen，studentsexaminedmybignose，whileIwaswritingmynameontheblackboard.

AtIowa，whenmyfirstclassesbegan，halfofmystudentsstillhadn'tarrived.Wheneveryonefinallyfoundaseat，ringingcellphonesandloudyawns（哈欠）interruptedmyopeningremarks.ItisnotthatAmericanstudentsweredisrespectful.（47）Theywere，however，farmoreskepticalthanthestudentsIhadatRenda.ThetruthisIcouldn'tfaultthemfortheirskepticism.UndergraduatesatlargeUSuniversities-especiallyfreshmenandsophomores-oftenhaveseveralclassesasemesterhandledbyTAs.Insomecases，theTAsetsthecoursecontent.（48）Mosthavegoodintentions，butveryfewareaseffectiveasprofessors.

Everyteacherhastoconfrontobstaclestolearning-nomatterwhattheculture.Studentswhotalkduringlectures，studentswhocheat，studentswhoquestionthegradetheygetforapaperorproject-dealingwiththeseisallpartofthejob.（49）

Thedifference，Ithink，isthatintheUSIhadtoswallowmoreofmypride.（50）

Ihadaresponsibilitytoteachthem，ofcourse，butIhadtodosoindirectly-asaguidewhohimselfhadafewthingstolearnfromthestudents.

AInmystudents'minds，Ihadlittletoofferthem，exceptperhapssomesamplequestionsforthemid-termexam.

BInothers，theTAworksasagraderanddiscussionleader.

CIencounteredtheseinChina，andIfacedthemintheUS.

DOntheotherhand，beingtaughtbyagraduatestudentisnotnecessarilybad.

EMostwerepolite，oratleast，indifferent.

FBackatRenda，Ihadwalkedintomyfirstclassesfeelinglikeacelebrity

第6部分：完形填空（第51～55题，每题1分，共15分）

下面旳短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定一种最佳选项。

SharksPerformaServiceforEarth'sWaters

Itishardtogetpeopletothinkofsharksasanythingbutadeadlyenemy.Theyarethoughtto（51）peoplefrequently.Althoughthesefishperformavaluable（52）forearth'swatersandforhumanbeings，businessandsportfishingarethreateningtheir（53）。Asaresult，somesharksareatriskofdisappearingfromEarth.

Warmweathermayinfluencebothfishandshark（54）。Manyfishswimnearcoastalareasbecauseoftheir（55）waters.Expertssaysharksmayfollowthefishintothesameareas，（56）peoplealsoswim.Infact，mostsharksdonotpurposelychargeatorbitehumans.Theyarethoughttomistakeaperson（57）aseaanimal，suchasaseal（海豹）orsealion.Thatiswhypeopleshouldnotswimintheoceanwhenthesungoesdownorcomesup，becausethosearethetimeswhensharksarelookingfor（58）。Expertsalsosaythatbrightcolorsandshinyjewelry（珠宝）maycausesharkstoattack.

Asharkhasanextremely'goodsenseof（59），withwhichitcanfindsmallamountsofsubstancesinwater，suchasblood，bodyliquidsandchemicals（60）byanimals.Thesepowerfulsenseshelpsharksfindtheirfood.Sharkseatfish，any（61）sharks，andplantsthatliveintheocean.

Medicalresearcherswanttolearnmoreabouttheshark'sbodydefenseandi