高考英语语法讲义：定语从句考点汇总

高考英语语法讲义：定语从句考点汇总定语从句三部曲

1.找出先行词；

2.确定先行词在从句中的成分：主语，宾语，

状语；

3.选择正确的关系词。

几个关系代词的基本用法

that

that:

可指人或物；可作主语，宾语。指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于whichA

letter

is

written

in

pencil

is

difficult

to

read.

Do

you

know

the

gentleman

who

spoke

just

now?

What

is

the

question

_they

are

talking

about?

Here

is

the

man

__you

want

to

see.

只能用that

不能用which的情况

1.先行词为不定代词时：all,much,everything,anything,nothing,something,none,theone.2.先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等修饰时；

theonlybook,just

the

book/theverybook3.先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时；

4.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时；

5.先行词既有人又有物时；

6.先行词是数次时；(two,ten,ahundred)

7.如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免重复；

8.疑问词是who或which，关系代词宜用that，以避免重复；

9.主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词；

10.被修饰成分为表语时，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时,该关系代词宜用that。

(主语+be+n.

/adj.;

主语+系动词+adj.)

which

which:

指物；可作主语，宾语，状语。

1.Thebook—_wasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.

2.Thebook—__Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.

3.Thefactory—hisfatherworksisfarfromhere.

只能用which不能用that的情况：

1.介词后面只能用which；

Is

this

the

room

in

which

Mr.

White

lives?

2.非限定性定语从句中。

More

and

more

people

are

beginning

to

learn

English,

which

is

becoming

very

popular

in

our

country.

3.当关系代词后面带有插入语时；

Here's

the

English

grammar

which,

as

I

have

told

you,

will

help

improve

your

English.

4.

先行词是those+复数名词.

A

shop

should

keep

a

stock

of

those

goods

which

sell

best.

who,

whom,

whose

who:

主格,在从句中作主语，只可指人；whom:

宾格，在从句中作宾语，只可指人；

whose:

属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。

（whose=

ofwhich或ofwhom）Ilikethestudentswhoworkhard.

Allwhoheardthestorywereamazed.

Chaplin,

for

whom

life

had

once

been

very

hard,

was

a

success

as

an

actor.

Achild

whoseparents(=theparentsofwhom/ofwhomtheparents)aredeadiscalledanorphan.

I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.

Thebook

whosecover

(=thecoverofwhich/ofwhichthecover)isredisthere.只能用who

不能用that

的情况

1.先行词为anyone,anybody,those,all,one,ones,they,he,people时；

Anyone

who

failed

to

come

to

the

meeting

yesterday

must

give

his

reason

.

He

who

knows

nothing

but

pretends

to

know

everything

is

indeed

a

good-for

–nothing.

2.在非限定性定语从句中；

His

mother,

who

loves

him

very

much,

is

strict

with

him.

3．在herebe开头的句子中。

Here

is

a

boy

who

wants

to

see

you.When

When指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。其先行词是表时间的名词

（如：time,day,week,year,month等）

HecamelastnightwhenIwasout.We

will

put

off

the

picnic

until

next

week,

when

the

weather

would

be

better.

when

=

介词+which

•

I

still

remember

the

day

when

I

first

came

to

this

school.

(when=

on

which)

•

He

came

at

a

time

when

we

needed

him

most.

(when=

at

which)

•

We

will

never

forget

the

year

1949,

when

the

People's

Republic

of

China

was

founded.

(when=

in

which)

比

较

•

I

still

remember

the

day--

__my

brother

joined

the

army.

•

I

still

remember

the

days

--__wespenttogether.

先行词是时间名词，但在定语从句中做宾语

或主语时，先行词不能用when。

Where

Where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。其先行词是表示地点的名词。

（如：place,school,factory,room等）

ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.

I

live

in

the

room

where

/in

which

he

used

to

live.

where

=

介词+which

•

I

recently

went

back

to

the

town

where

I

was

born.

(where

=

in

which)

•

I

would

like

to

live

in

a

country

where

there

is

plenty

of

sunshine.

(where

=

in

which)

比

较

•

The

small

mountain

village

________we

spent

our

holiday

last

month

is

now

very

famous.

•

This

is

the

park

_____________they

visited

last

year.

先行词是地点名词，但在定语从句中做宾语或主语时，先行词不能用where。

Why

•

Why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。先行词为reason时，可用forwhich指代。

The

reason

why

/

for

which

/

(that)

he

didn't

attend

the

meeting

was

that

he

was

ill.

比较•

I

don’t

believe

the

reason

that/which

he

gave

me.

•Haveyouaskedhimthereasonthatmayexplainhissuccess?

当关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，不能用why引导。

先行词在从句中做状语时，关系词才可以用when，where和why。

补

充

当先行词为way时，定语从句常用that,inwhich,或how引导，that常可以省略。

Thisisthewaythat

/inwhich

Idosuchthings.Please

do

the

experiment

in

the

way

that/which

I

have

shown

you.

(做宾语)

as

的用法

He

was

a

foreigner,

____

I

knew

from

his

accent.

A.

that

B.

as

C.

where

D.

why

①如为限制性的，多用于thesame…as;thesameas；such…as…;asmany/muchas；so…as等结构中。

I

have

the

same

book

as

you

(have).

Herattitudetohimwasquitethesameasithadalwaysbeen.

比较：Iliveinthesamehousethatheusedtolivein.

I'm

wearing

the

same

shirt

as

you

wore

yesterday.

②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾，译为“正如“。（动词常为know,see,expect,pointout,etc.）

As

we

all

know,

smoking

is

harmful

to

one's

health

.

Smoking,

as

we

all

know,

is

harmful

to

one'

health.

补

充

无论是关系代词，还是关系副词，都在定语从句中充当一定的成分，因此，先行词在定语从句中不复出现。

This

is

the

book

that

I

borrowed

it

yesterday【误】.

The

English

Corner

is

the

place

where

people

often

go

there

to

practice

their

spoken

English【误】.

关系词的省略

在下列情况下，关系词在非正式文体中可以省略:

1.关系代词that,which,who,whom在定语从句中做宾语时，常可省略。

Arethesekeys(thatwhich)youwerelookingfor？

The

man

(who/that)

I

was

sitting

next

to

on

the

plane

talked

all

the

time.

2．以theway为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可以省略。

Idon'tliketheway(that/inwhich)shewalks.

The

way

(that

/in

which)

he

answered

the

questions

was

surprising.

3．在thetimewhen,theplacewhere,thereasonwhy结构中，when,where,why可省略。

Ishallneverforgettheday(when)wefirstmet.

That's

the

place

(where)

he

stayed

when

he

was

in

the

country.

一些重要用法All(that)=All=what,例如

Allthat

(=What/All)canbedonehasbeendone.whatever

whoever

whomever

whenever,whichever,whereverYoucanchoose

whatever

【=anything(that)youlike】youlike.Whoever(=Anypersonwho)wantstomaygo.Youmaychoose

whomever[【anyperson(that)】youlike.Youcancome

whenever

youarefree.

Youmaygowhereveryouwanttogo.

Youmaychoosewhicheveryoulike.Thebook

that/which

iswritteninEnglishisthere.

The

man

that/who

ispopularisthere(先行词做主语，不省略)Thebook

(that/which)

helikesisthere.

The

man

(that/who/whom)

helikesisthere(先行词做宾语，可省略)

Thebookaboutwhichheistalking=

Thebook（which）heistalkingaboutisthere.The

manaboutwhomheistalkingisthere=The

man（whom）heistalkingaboutisthere(先行词做宾