高考英语语法专项讲义：主谓一致难点精讲

高考英语语法专项讲义：主谓一致难点精讲简明概述：主谓一致即主语与谓语在语法单复数形式上保持一致。本章节重点罗列了高考中经常会考到且常出现的几种易错难点以供大家参考、复习。以“s”结尾的书名、杂志名、国家名、组织名，虽然字面上是“复数”形式，但其实只能作为一个独立的个/整体。所以作主语时，谓语动词要为单数。典型例句：TheUnitedStates

has

50states.TheForbes（《福布斯》杂志）was

foundedin1917.TheUnitedNations

has

takenstepsto

ameliorate

thissituation.并列结构作主语例句对比：Studying

and

working

are

bothindispensable

and

shouldbebalancedevenly.（当A和B分别指两个不同概念的时候，谓语要用复数）Thediplomat

and

universityprofessor

has

taughtmealot.（当A和B由and连接，A前有“the”，B前却无定冠词时，两者表示指代的为同一人或事物，谓语需用单数）就近原则：Therebe“Therebe”中“be”的单复数取决于最靠近它的名词。比较例句：There

are

two

tables,onechairleftinthatclassroom.There

is

one

chair

and

twotablesleftinthatclassroom.There

is

one

ortwothings

I’d

liketosharewithyounow.就近原则：either…or…;neither…nor…;AorB;连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数由最靠近它的主语决定对比例句：Eitheryouor

thatboy

is

tobepunished.Neitherthatboynor

you

are

tobepunished.就近原则：notonly…butalso…对比例句：Notonlyyoubutalso

thatgirl

wants

thetoy.Notonlyyoubutalso

I

am

keenonjazzmusic.就近原则：Here…对比例句：Here

is

onepen

and

twodrawingsonthedesk.Here

are

twodrawings

and

onepenonthedesk.就近原则：not…but…

“不是……而是……”例句：Notthesubjectteacherbut

the

colorful

textbooks

whet

myappetiteformorestudy.谓语单数：noneof+可数名词/不可数名词+V单neitherof+可数名词/不可数名词+V单eitherof+可数名词/不可数名词+V单注：在口语中有时上述三种情况也可以用V复（但只是在后跟可数名词的时候），但是考点大部分是以考查V单为重点总结：noneof+可数名词+V单/复neitherof+可数名词+V单/复eitherof+可数名词+V单/复例句：Noneof

rice

is

tobewasted.Neitherof

thetwohotels

boasts/boast

aswimmingpool.Eitherof

you

takes/take

theresponsibilitytocleantheoven.就远原则：with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,except,but,morethan,nolessthan,aswellas,inadditionto,asmuchas,ratherthan,etc.例句：Herbody

exceptherfeet

has

beenrecoveredfromtheaccident.Thetwoboys

ratherthanthatgirl

were

giving

aninstrumentalperformance

justnow.Agoodattitude

togetherwithsuperior

English-speakingskills

leads

tothesuccessofthe

competition.Experiencedhealth-careprofessionals

inadditiontostate-of-the-artfacilities

guarantee

thehigh

quality

ofthehospital.谓语单数：主语由every,each,some,no,any,noone,one,thing等构成的复合代词例句：Each

ofus

enjoys

thefashionshow.Hefeltthat

something

strange

was

leaningtowardshim.谓语单数：表示距离，金钱，时间，度量的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看做一个整体，因此谓语要用单数形式例句：Another

twohours

is

enoughtogetfullypreparedforthecontest.Two

centimeters

was

permittedforaverageerrorofmanufacturingthiskindofmachineinancienttimes.看具体情况而定：如果名词单复数同型，就要根据语境中的实际意义及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。这些词如：aircraft,species,series,deer,fish,sheep,headquarters,means,etc.例句：Many

possible

means

have

beentriedtosettlethedispute.Each

aircraft

is

equippedwiththemostadvancedtechnology.（根据所修饰的词each来判断）Sheep

are

raised

fortheirwoolandmeat.（按语境中的含义）看具体情况而定：some,all,most,any,half,enough,therest,theremainder,etc.和疑问代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whichever,etc.的谓语单复数由其指代的词的含义来决定。例句：Who

are

shoutingthere?Whatever

was

thematter?Sixstudentswentabroadforfurthereducationfromthekeyhighschool,but

most

are

juniorstudents.Riceflourisoneoftheingredientstomakethecakeand

most

is

cheap.看具体情况而定：集合名词的谓语单复数要根据所代表的含义来决定。这些词有：family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee,army,club,couple,enemy,group,government,jury,party,personnel,staff,team,union,etc.当它们表示一个整体的概念时，谓语用单数形式；当表示集体中的每一个成员时，谓语则用复数形式。例句：Her

family

are

happytohelpothers.（她家庭中的每一个成员）The

jury

is

madeupoftwelvepeople.（陪审团作为一个整体的概念）谓语复数：集合名词people,police,cattle,poultry,folk,youth在任何情况下都用复数形式。例句：The

police

are

onthescene（在现场）.People

lead

asafe

and

happylifeinCanadaduetosoundlaw

and

order.谓语单数：thenumberof+名词复数+V单anamountof+不可数名词+V单aquantityof+不可数名词+V单谓语复数：anumberof+名词复数+V复amountsof+不可数名词+V复quantitiesof+不可数名词+V复就近原则：halfof,partof,mostof,aportionof等词的谓语单复数通常与of后面的名/代词保持一致。例句：Aportionof

seafood

was

reservedforhim.Mostof

teenagers

tend

tospendmoneylikewater.Partof

hertime

is

preparedfortakingcareofherchildren.谓语单数：Manya+名词单数+V单例句：Many

apage

ofthedictionary

has

curledupfromconstant

and

neglectfuluse.谓语单数：Morethanone+名词单数+V单例句：There

is

morethan

oneoil-producingcountry

threateningtocutoffsuppliestoJapan.Morethan

onechapter

is

broughttoourattentionwhenitcomestoAfrican

literature.谓语复数：以“s”结尾表示群岛，瀑布，山脉等专有名词的谓语要用复数形式。例句：TheAlps（阿尔卑斯山脉）provide

aperfectscenery.谓语复数：在表示姓氏的专有名词前加the，词尾加-s，表示一家人时，谓语要用复数例句：TheSmiths

are

veryniceandwilltakecareofmydogwhen

I

spendmyholidaysinforeigncountries.谓语单数：以“-ics”结尾的表示学科或疾病的名词作主语时，谓语要用单数。这些词如：linguistics,politics,mathematics,

statistics,optics,economics,physics,electronics,acoustics,mumps（腮腺炎）,measles（麻疹）,etc.注：如果这些名词表示的是具体的观点、数据、实践活动或性能现象时，谓语要用复数。对比例句：Measles

is

knownas

aninfectiousillness.Politics

is

asubject.（政治学）His

politics

pointout

thathewillhavetouseforcein

theworst-casescenario.（政治观点）Statistics

is

oneofmymajorsinuniversity.（统计学）Statistics

show

thatthenumberofhomelesspeopleisincreasinglyexpandinginthisregion.（统计数据）谓语复数：the+(a.)指代一类人例句：Theold

need

morefreepublichealth-careservicesprovidedfromtheadministration.注：但是当根据上下文语境，the+(a.)指个人时，谓语要用单数形式例句：Theaccused

was

sentencedto

fourteenyears

ofimprisonment.谓语单数：the+(a.)表示某类事物例句：Thebeautiful

makes

usfeelbetterwheninthefaceofpressure.谓语单数：动名词和不定式由“and”连接，指同一概念或事情时，谓语用单数；若指不同概念的两件事时，则用复数例句：Weeping

and

wailing

is

uselesstosolveanyproblems.Readingdetectivenovels

and

playingthepiano

are

my

favorite

hobbies.谓语复数：分数或百分数+of+N复

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