初中英语宾语从句

宾语从句【学习目标】.知识目标：掌握宾语从句的三要素：引导词、语序、时态.能力目标：通过自主学习，小组合作，挑战自我学会正确使用宾语从句.情感目标：体会在学习当中通过团队协作所带来的愉悦和成功【重难点】.重点：疑问语序改为陈述语序（主+谓）.难点：语序和时态呼应【要点梳理】要点一、定义宾语从句：置于动词、介词等词性后面，在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句过”三关“：时态，语序，连词。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句，有些形容词（afraid，sure，glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。要点二、宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that（that常可省略）,whether,if代词：who,whose,what,which副词：when,where,how,why等。（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。例句：Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets..注意事项：当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例句：Idon,tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.在以下情况中that不能省略1、当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou.2、当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。例句：JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3、当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：Ican,ttellhimthathismotherdied.注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。例句：Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomeworkontime.(二)由whether,if引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句：Iwonderwhether(if)theywillcometoourparty.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句1、在带to的不定式前例句：Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere.2、在介词的后面例句：I,mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm.3、在动词后面的宾语从句时例句：Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingnextweek4、直接与ornot连用时例句：Ican,tsaywhetherornotthetcancomeontime.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句1、if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.2、if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：HeaskedifIdidn,tcometoschoolyesterday.3、引导状语从句evenif（即使）和asif（好象）时例句：Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句：Canyoutellmewhomyouarewaitingfor?英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。例句：Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.要点三、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句：Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?要点四、宾语从句的时态1、主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：Theheadmasterhopeseverythinggoeswell.32、主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：Shewassorrythatshehadn,tfinishedherworkontime.3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.要点五、宾语从句的特点1、宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2、宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3、连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。4、whether和if都可引导宾语从句，但whether后可紧跟ornot;whether从句可作介词的宾语。5、如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it。要点六、宾语从句的否定转移主句中，主语是I/We，谓语动词是think、suppose>guess，believe等，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中，这就是否定转移。Ithinkyouareright.（改为否定句）正：Idon'tthinkyouareright.误：Ithinkyouaren'tright.Idon,tthinkthatitisworthdoing.我认为这不值得做。Idon,tbelievethathewillhelpus.我相信他不会来。【课堂巩固】一、选择填空WangHaitoldme(how/why)hedidn'tgohikingyesterdayafternoon.Canyoutellme(who/whom)elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?Shesaid(that/if)itwouldn'tmattermuch.Healwaysthinks(how/who)hecandoitbetter.reallydon'tknow(howlong/howsoon)thebridgewillbefinished.Theydon'tknow(when/what)wearegoinghiking.Shewantedtoknow(when/if)hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.Iwasreallysurprisedat(what/where)lsaw.Idon'tknow(how/why)somanypeoplearecrowdingroundhim.Doyouknow(whose/who's)shirtitis?二、单项选择ThemanaskedmeifIhimthewaytothebusstop.A.cantell B.couldtell C.willtell D.tellHetoldmethatheacoldforthreedays.A.has B.hadcaught C.hadhad D.hashadTheywonderediftheirteacherthemanotherstorythenextweek.A.wouldtell B.hadtold C.willtell D.toldCouldyoutellmevesterday?A.whattheydoB.whattheydidC.whatdotheydoD.whatdidtheydoIknewthatthesunintheeastwhenIwasachild.A.rises B.rose C.willriseD.hasrisenCouldyoutellme ?A.whereisthestation B.wherethestationisC.iswherethestation D.thestationiswhereShesaidshewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.A.that B.whereC.which D.what"I'mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknowitwillarrive?-Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.whatA.howB.whereC.whenD.what-DoyouknowIcouldpasstheexam?-Sorry,I'venoideaA.that B.whetherC.what D.whichTheteacherwantedtoknow.A.whywashelateforschool B.howhecananswerthisquestionC.ifhecouldfinishthemontime D.whetherhisparentsarestrictwithhimHeaskedme toldmetheaccident.A.whom B.whichC.whoPleasetellmelastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkC.whereyoursisterworksTOC\o"1-5"\h\zSheaskedmeifIknew .A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas14.Youmustremember .A.whatyourmothersaidC.yourmothersaidwhat15.Couldyoutellme ?A.whenwilltheyleaveBejingC.whentheywilleaveBeijing三、用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Ithinkhe(come)backsoon.D.whoseB.wheredidyoursisterworkD.whereyoursisterworkedC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasitB.whatdidyourmothersayD.whathasyourmothersaidB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing2.Hetoldmehisfather(read)thenewspaperatthistimeyesterday.Iwanttoknowifhe(go)fishingwithme.Ididn'tknowwho(break)thewindow.Hetoldmehisfather(fly)toBejingthenextday.Theteachertoldusthatlight(travel)muchfasterthansound.Heaskedifthegirl(find)herlostbike.Hesaidhe(go)toBeijingthreeyearsago.Heaskedwhatthegirl(look)for.10.Iaskedhimwhetherit(snow)inwinterinAustralia.参考答案：一、选择填空1、why2、who3、that4、how5、howsoon6、when7、if8、what9、why10、whose二、单项选择1、B句意：那个人问我能否告诉他去公共汽车站的路。此题考查宾语从句与主句的时态一致的问题。主句谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词应用过去时态的某一种形式。2、C句意：他告诉我他感冒三天了。根据主句的told可排除A和D。catch是终止性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。have是延续性动词，故选C。3、A句意：他们想知道他们的老师下周能否再给他们讲个故事。根据时间状语可知用将来时，主句用一般过去时，则宾语从句要用过去将来时。4、B句意：你能告诉我他们昨天干了什么吗？宾语从句应用陈述语序，根据yesterday可知用一般过去时。5、A句意：我小时候就知道太阳从东方升起。当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象以及格言、谚语等的时候，宾语从句仍用一般现在时