初中英语八讲：形容词和副词

第八讲：形容词和副词教学目标.掌握形容词的基本用法.掌握副词的基本用法.掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级基本用法教学建议.要求学生必须熟练掌握形容词和副词，熟练运用所学知识做题.引导学生透彻理解形容词和副词的用法，并能够灵活运用；.本堂课主要为复习课，所以应以学生为主题，逐步引领学生回顾所学过的知识点，可以采取师生问答、任务教学等教学方法，激发学生的学习兴趣。1、入门一测：根据句意填入单词的正确形式：Mybrotheristwoyears(old)thanme.Tomisas(fat)asJim.Isyoursister(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.Whois(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.Whosepencil-boxis(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.Mary'shairisas(long)asLucy's.Ben(jump)(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass..Nancysing(well)thanHelen?Yes,she..Fangfangisnotas(tall)astheothergirls..Myeyesare(big)than(she)..II、形容词和副词的基本用法形容词一.定义：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。二.形容词的作用，见下表：作用例 句定语Youcanseealotofbeautifulflowersinthegarden.表语Yourcoatistoosmall.宾语补足语Theoldwomankeepseverythingcleanandtidy.注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone,afraid,asleep等。例如:Don'twakethesleepingbabyup.Heisasleep.Theoldmanisalone.形容词用来修饰something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：You'dbettertellussomethinginteresting.Thepolicefoundnothingstrangeintheroom.多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如：Hisgrandpastilllivesinthissmallshorthouse.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。ThewomanboughttwobeautifulChineseplates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich/poor;good/bad;young/old;healthy/ill;living/dead;black/white表示人种等）。例如：Theyoungshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。Therichneverhelpthepoorinthiscountry.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。形容词短语做定语时要后置。如：Theyarethestudentseasytoteach.他们是很容易较的学生。Weliveinahousemuchlargerthanyours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：Didyouseeanybodyelse?你看到别的人了吗？三.以-ly结尾的形容词大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。改错：（错）Shesanglovely.（错）Hespoketomeveryfriendly.（对）Hersingingwaslovely.（对）Hespoketomeinaveryfriendlyway.2）有些以-ly结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。TheTimesisaweeklypaper.《时代周刊》为周刊。TheTimesispublishedweekly.《时代周刊》每周发行一期。练一练(一)()1Doyouhavetotellus?A.somethingnewB.newsomethingC.anythingnewD.newanything()2Mike,Ihavetotellyou.A.importantsomethingB.importantanythingC.somethingimportant,D.anythingimportant( )3 Tony isgoingcampingwithboys.A.littletwootherB.twolittleotherC.twootherlittleD.littleothertwo( )4 -Onedaytheycrossedthebridgebehindthepalace.A.oldChinesestoneB.ChineseoldstoneC.oldstoneChineseD.Chinesestoneold( )5Thestorysounds.A.tobetrue B.astrueC.beingtrueD.True( )6.Theseorangestaste.A.good B.well C.tobegoodD.tobewell副词一、副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为：方式副词：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly程度副词：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite地点副词：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home时间副词：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never否定副词：no，not，neither，nor疑问副词：where，how，why其他：also，too，only二、副词的基本用法：.副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词，一般放在被修饰词之前.Heplaysthepianoverywell..副词是用来修饰动词，常放在动词之后.Hegotupquickly.enough修饰adj/adv时，放在其后.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.三、常见副词用法辨析.already与yet的区另ijalready用于肯定句句中，表示“已经”；yet用于否定句句末，表示“还”，用于疑问句句末，表示“已经”练一练HehadleftwhenIcalled.Haveyoufoundyourruler?very,much和verymuch.的区别very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用verymuch.练一练Johnishonest.Thisgardenisbiggerthanthatone.Thankyou..so与such的区别⑴so修饰形容词或副词；such修饰名词，MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan,tfollowhim.Heissuchaboy.⑵so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词练一练Heiscleveraboy.=Heisacleverboy.Itiscoldweather.Theyaregoodstudents.⑶名词前有many,much,few,little（少量的）用so不用such.（多多少少仍用so）但little表示“小的”用such.Therearelittlesheeponthehill..also，too，aswell与either的区别also，aswell，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be动词，情态动词，助动词之后，行为动词之前；aswell，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。例如，Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateacher.=Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateacher.=Myfatherisateacher.Mymotherisateacher，.Ican,tspeakFrench Jennycan,tspeakFrench，..sometime，sometimes，sometime与sometimes的区别ijsometime：表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时间。sometimes:有时，不时的二attimessometime:一段时间sometimes：几次，几倍练一练We,llhaveatestnextmonth.wearebusyandsometimeswearenot.HestayedinBeijingforlastyear.IhavebeentoBeijing..ago与before的区别ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。练一练Isawhimtenminutes.Hetoldmethathehadseenthefilm..now，just与justnow的区别now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为，现在”just：与现在完成时连用，表示“刚……”justnow：和过去时连用，表示“刚才”练一练Wheredoeshelive？Wehaveseenthefilm.Hewashere..lonely/alone的区别ij.alone独自一人/没有同伴，既可作adj也可作adv..lonely表示孤独,寂寞，也可修饰地点，表示荒凉,偏僻的，常与feel连用。.alone只作表语(以a开头的形容词一般只作表语，不作定语)而lonely既可作表语,也可作定语)练一练Helivesonaisland.Heis,buthedoesn,tfeel.9.fast/quickly/soon的区别.fast表示速度之快quickly表示动作之快soon表示时间之快练一练I,mleavinghomethisafternoon.Really?Whyso?A.fastB.soonC.quicklyD.early形容词，副词的比较级、最高级一、规则变化.一般在词尾直接加er或est, tall-taller-tallest,long-longer-longest.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st,nice-nicer-nicest.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，heavy-heavier-heaviest.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，big-bigger-biggest注：大，红，湿，热，悲，瘦，胖.双写末辅再变级.（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat）.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，beautiful-morebeautiful-mostbeautiful注:表示否定意义在其前加less/leastimportant——lessimportant——leastimportantEnglishismoreinterestingthanChinese=ChineseislessinterestingthanEnglish..由“形容词+ly”构成的副词，在其前加more/mostslowly---moreslowly——mostslowly；^early-earlier-earliest二、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldold/elderold/eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther（距离）/further（程度）farthest/furthestF列单、双音节词只能加more和most原级比较级最高级like（想似的）morelikemostlikereal（真的）morerealmostrealtiredmoretiredmosttiredpleasedmorepleasedmostpleasedoftenmoreoftenmostoften注：形容词，副词同形有:back,high,well,fast,early,late,straight形容词，副词等级的用法一、原级的用法.只能修饰原级的词，very,quite,so,tooHeistootiredtowalkon.MybrotherrunssofastthatIcan,tfollowhim..原级常用的句型结构A=B A+as+adj/adv的原级+as+B表示“A和B一样”TomisasoldasKate.TomrunsasfastasMike.A<B---A+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B表示“A不如B...”Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.Hedoesn,twalkasslowlyasyou.二、比较级的用法.可以修饰比较级的词.much,alot,far,…的多alittle,abit,…一点儿even甚至,still仍然LessonOneismucheasierthanLessonTwo.Tomlooksevenyoungerthanbefore..比较级常用的句型结构“甲+形容词/副词的比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙...”TomistallerthanKate.Igotupearlierthanmymotherthismorning..最高级的用法.结构:the+最高级+of+人或物(in+地点)HeisthetallestofalltheboysHeworkshardestinhisclass.注:副词的最高级前the可省掉.the+序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina..oneof+the+形容词的最高级+复数名词Heisoneoftheclevereststudentsinourclass.4),“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。Whichseasondoyoulike(the)best,spring,summerorautumn?.级别的转换.原级与比较级的转换.倍数+as...as—(倍数-1)+比较级+thanThisroomisfivetimesasbigasthatone=Thisroomisbiggerthanthatone..notas.as与比较级的转换A+notas...as+B—A+比较级(反义词的比较级)+than+B—B+比较级+than+AMaryisnotasoldasTom.=MaryisTom.=TomisMary.Thisbookisnotasexpensiveasthatone=Thisbookisthanthatone=Thatbookisthanthisone..比较级与最高级的转换.the+最高级+of/in .比较级+than+anyother+单数名词+theother+复数名词+anyoneelse+anyoftheother+复名.Nobodyelse+比较级+than Tomisthetallestboyinourclass.Tomistallerthanboyinourclass.Tomistallerthaninourclass.istallerthanTominourclass.五.级别的惯用法,“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。Heisgettingtallerandtaller.,“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。Themorecarefulyouare，thefewermistakesyou,llmake.3,“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+ofthetwo+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。(ofthetwins/parents…)Lookatthetwoboys.Mybrotheristhetallerofthetwo..当adj的最高级前有物主代词，名词所有格，指示代词时，不用the.Thisismybestbookofall..相比较的前后两部分必须是同类比较.Mypencilislongerthan（you）..比较时不能与自身相比注：当相比较的两者属于同一范围/类别时，为了与自身相比较，要用anyother+单数名词.若两者不属于同一范围/类别时,不必用other,直接用any+单数名词.Heistallerthanboyinhisclass.Heistallerthanboyinourclass.A.anyB.anyother.有些含有比较级的句子里，常用that（单数、不可数名词）、those（复数名词）代替前面提到的词，以避免重复。TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthaninGuangzhouinwinter.Theboysinourclassaremorethaninyourclass.练一练（二）翻译句子：1、谁比Jim年纪大？是你。isthanJim？are.2、谁比David更强壮？是GaoShan.thanDavid?GaoShan.3、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。pencilis,or？is,Ithink.4、谁的苹果更重，你的姐姐的还是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。apples,youroryour?My.5、你和你的叔叔一样高吗？是的。asasyouruncle?Yes,Iam.6、他和他的朋友Jim一样年轻。 He asasJim.7、她和她的双胞胎口哥哥一样胖吗,不，她比他瘦。as as twin ?,No,thanhim..YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。 YangLingtothanSuYangeveryday..我跳得和Mike一样远。 IasasMike..Tom比你跑得快吗？不是的，他和我跑得一样快。Tomthanyou?No,he.Heasas.令in、同步练习( )1.IfIhad,IwouldvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingplaces.A.alongenoughholidayB.anenoughlongholidayC.aholidayenoughlongD.alongholidayenough( )2.Theseorangestaste.A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell( )3.Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard.A.thebettervoiceB.agoodvoiceC.thebestvoiceD.abettervoice( )4.Iwouldbe,ifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreply.A.pleasantB.gratefulC.satisfiedD.helpful( )5.ThoseT-shirtsareusually$35each,buttodaytheyhavea(an)priceof$19intheshoppingcenter.A.regularB.specialC.cheapD.ordinary( )6.Mr.Smithboughtapurseforhiswife.A.smallblackleatherB.blackleathersmallC.smallleatherblackD.blacksmallleather( )7. Howwasyourjobinterview? Oh,Icouldn't'tfeel.Ihardlyfoundproperanswerstomostofthequestionstheyasked.A.betterB.easierC.worseD.happier( )8.Longjingtea,JasmineteaandWuyiteaareallfamous,butwhichdoyouthink?A.tastesbestB.smellsmostC.soundsbestD.drinksmostly( )9. CanLiHuahelpmewithmyEnglish? IregrettotellyouherEnglishis yours.A.asgoodasB.nomorethanC.nobetterthanD.asmuchas( )10.Althoughhesometimesloseshistemper,hisstudentslikehim forit.A.notsomuchB.notsolittleC.nomoreD.noless( )11.Whentheycamein,Mr.Harris likeababy.Nobodywouldliketowakehimfromagooddream,becauseheneededrest.A.fellasleepB.wassoundasleepC.gotasleepD.wenttosleep( )12.Thisyeartheyhaveproducedgraintheydidlastyear.A.asless；asB.asfew；asC.less；thanD.fewer；than( )13. CanIhelpyou? Well,I'mafraidtheboxisheavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame.A.soB.muchC.veryD.too( )14. Howdidyoufindyourvisittothemuseum? Ithoroughlyenjoyit.ItwasthanIexpected.A.farmoreinterestingB.evenmuchinteresting

C.sofarinterestingD.alotmuchinteresting( )15. Wouldyoulikesomewine? Yes,just.A.littleB.verylittleC.alittleD.littlebit( )16.Ittakesalongtimetogotherebytrain；it’sbyroad.A.quickB.thequickestC.muchquickD.quicker( )17.Iftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhaveatschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime( )18.I'msurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(an) trick.A.ordinaryB.easyC.smartD.simple( )19.Thesalesmanshowedherseveralbagsandshechoseoneasshedidn'twanttospendtoomuchmoneyonit.A.thelessexpensiveB.lessexpensiveC.theleastexpensiveD.leastexpensive( )20.boxcannotbeliftedbyaboyoffive.A.SoaheavyB.SoheavyaC.AsuchheavyD.Suchheavya加油站A.SoaheavyB.SoheavyaC.AsuchheavyD.Suchheavya加油站( )1.Toplantthetree,wemustdig.A.athreefeetdeepholeB.three-foot-deepaholeC.aholethreefeetdeepD.athree-feet-deephole( )2.Ithinkheisoneofthebestmenyou'vefound.A.neverB.alreadyC.everD.once( )3.theboy,sgrown!Heisalmosthisfather.A.What,astallasB.What,tallerthanC.How,astallasD.How,tallerthan( )4.Ihaven,tgotnailstomendthecupboard.Ineedanotherthreeofthem.A.enoughbigB.bigenoughC.muchbiggerD.manyenough( )5.Henryknowslittleofphysicsofchemistry.A.aswellasB.nolessthanC.andstillmoreD.andstillless( )6.—Thedishisdelicious!—Well,atleastit'stheoneIcookedyesterday.A.asbadasB.noworsethanC.aswellasD.nobetterthan( )7.—Doyouthinktheweatherisgoodenoughforapicnic?—Yes.Youcouldn'thopeforatthistimeoftheyear.A.anicedayB.thenicedayC.anicerdayD.thenicestday( )8.ItmakesThomasnobetter,anditmakesyouA.bestB.goodC.wellD.worse( )9.Withthehelpofthenewequipment,ourfactoriesproducedVCDplayersin2000astheyearbefore.A.asmanyastwiceB.twicemorethanC.astwicemanyD.twiceasmany( )10.Ihadinvited50gueststotheparty,butactuallytwicecame.A.morethanB.asmanyC.asmuchD.lessthan( )11.—Whydidn'tyougotothecinemalastnight?—Itwassomethinginteresting.A.farlessB.moreorlessC.muchmoreD.anyfurther( )