初中英语介词练习题及详解

介词（一）正误辨析1、［误］Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.［正［Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.［析］at用于具体时刻之前，如：sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,nighto2、［误］Don'tsleepatdaytime［IE］Don'tsleepindaytime.［析］in要用于较长的一段时间之内，如：inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。3、［误］WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.［正［WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.［析］inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on,如：onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th4、［误］Hebecameawritterathistwenties［IE］Hebecameawritterinhistwenties［析］这句话应译为：他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示，而在具体岁数时用at来表示。5、［误］HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.［正［HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.［析］在具体年岁前用at,如：attheageof12,atyourage,等等。6、［误］Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.［IE］Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.［析］具体某一天要用介词on,又如：onNewYear'sDay7、［误］PmlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.［正］I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.［析］在节日的当天用on,而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间，一般要有两周或更长的时间。8、［误］Ihaven'tseeyouduringthesummerholidays.［IE］Ihaven'tseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.［析］during表示在某一段时间之内，所以一般不与完成时搭配，$11：Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段时间，可以用于完成时，如：Ihaven'tseeyouforalongtime.而through用来表示时间时则为“整整，全部的时间"。$n：Itrainedthroughthenight.而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间，一般要与完成时连用。9、［误］Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［IE］Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［析］On加动名词表示”一……就，本句的译文应是：我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如：onhearing-••一听见，onarrival一到达就 (on表示动作的名词)1()、［误］Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.［正］Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.［析］atthebegining与attheend都是指某事物的开始与结束部分，均不指时间范围，而inthebeginning则是指开始一段时间。intheend=atlast是指"最终，终于”之意。11>［误］Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［IE］Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［析］by引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点，其意思为”不迟于某一时刻将工作做完",所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态，如：rnbetherebyfiveo'clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻，但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词，而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式，如：Iwon'tfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.12、［误］HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.［IE］HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.［正］HecametoLondontwoweeksago.［析］before一般要与完成时连用，而ago则勺一般过去时连用。13、［误］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.［正］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.［析］since用来表达主句动作的开始时间，所以其引出的从句中应为过去时，而不能用完成时态14、［误］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.［IE］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Ybuwillgetitintwohours.［析］中文经常讲两小时之后来取，两天内会修好，而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用afterc其原因有二，①after多用于过去时，如：IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围，如：afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时，一定要用介词in。15>［误］Threedaysafterhedied.［正］Afterthreedayshedied.［正］Threedayslaterhedied.［析］after与later都可以用来表达一段时间之后，但它们所处的位置不同，after在时间词前，而later在时间词后。16、［误］Shehidherselfafterthetree.［正］Shehidherselfbehindthetree.［析］after多用来表达某动作之后，所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词，如：Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind则多用于静态事物之后。17、［误］Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.［正］Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.［析］树上长出的果实，树叶要用on,而其他外来的人、物体均要用inthetree.18、［误］ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.［正］ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.［析］在表达地理位置时有3个介词：in,on,tooin表示在某范围之内；on表示与某地区接壤；to则表示不相接。如：JapanistotheeastofChina.19、［误］IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.［IE］IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.［析］at用来表达较小的地方，而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillageo20、［误］HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.［正］HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.［析］在门牌号码前要用at,并要注意它的惯用法：attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。21、［误］ThereisacolourTVsetatthecomerofthehall.［IE］ThereisacolourTVsetinthecomerofthehall.［析］在屋内的角落应用in,而墙的外角用at,如：Thereisatreeatthecomerofthestreet.22>［误］ThisweekendPllstayinUncleWang's.［正］ThisweekendIrllstayatUncleWang's.［析］要注意英文的特殊表达法，如：atatailor'sshop（裁缝店）=atatailofs,atthedoctor's（去看病）atthebookseller's（在书店）atuncleWang's（在王叔叔家）23、［误］Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontoday'snewspaper?［正］Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintoday'snewspaper?［析］在报纸上的新闻要用in,而在具体某一版上，或某一页上则要用on。24、［误］TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.［正］SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.［析］这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达在从事该种活动时不要加冠词，如：attable（吃饭），WhenIcametoTom'shome,theywereattable.还有：atdesk（学习），atwork（工作）atschool（上学），inhospital（住医院）atchurch作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意，如：attheschool即在学校工作或办事，inthehospital即在医院工作或去看望病人。25、［误］Inmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.［正］Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.［析］译文为：在去车站的路上我买了份报纸，为的是消磨时光”在……的路上”应用onone'sway…。而intheway有挡道之意,如:Pleasemovethechairitisinthewayo26>［误］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.［正］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.［正］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.［析］in是表达一个静止状态，在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语，而into则是动态介词，与break连用时要加介词宾语。27>［误］EllleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.［正］EllleaveBeijingforShanghai.［正］I'llleaveforShanghai.［析］leavefor是离开某地去某处的固定搭配，不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有：startfor动身前往某处，setoutfor,sailforD28、［误］I'msorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.［正］I'msorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.［析］getin,与getout是两个相反的词组。getin为上车，而getout为下车，但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词，所以其后不能接名词，我们可以讲We'dbettergetin.或We'dbettergetout.还有一组词组有关上下车：geton/off(atrain,aship,astruck)getinto/outof(acar,taxi)29、［误］BecarefulThetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.［正］Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.［析］over与above在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时，即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.3()、［误］Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.［正］Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.［析］over还有一意为"跨越，横跨”。31>［误］TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.［IE］TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.［析］在垂直下方要用below.也就是讲above与below互为反意词，over与under也是反意词。32>［误］Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.［正］Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.［析］infrontof是在物体外部的前而，而inthefrontof是在物体内部的前而，如：Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.33、［误］Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.［正］Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.［析］across作为介词有两个主要意思：①横过，如：Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②对而，如：Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平而上的横过。如：Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.34>［误］Thesunsetstowardthewest.［正］Thesunsetsinthewest.［析］towards也可用作toward,它主要表达朝向某方向运动，但不一定到达，如：Herantoward(s)themountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south时，其前而要用in。要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词，如：Iwentsouth.也可用作名词，如：Iwenttoihesouth.也可用作形容词，如：IwenttothesouthpartofChina.35、［误］Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose?［正］Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose?［析］beside是"在旁边、如：Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是“除之外，不仅而且,除了以外还有”，如：IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except则是从同一类物体中去掉某一音B分，如：IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同种类的事物，如：Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat则要加从句。36、［误］CanIwritetheexampaperwithink?［IE］CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen?［正］CanIwritetheexampaperinink?［析］with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具，而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in。37、［误］Fmearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.［正］I'mearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.［析］在交通工具前加介词by,但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词，否则要改换相应的介词。bytaxi=inataxibytrain=inatrainbybicycle=onabicyclebyship=onashipbyboat=inaboatbybus=onabusbyplane=onaplanebyair空运byland陆运bysea海运onfootonhorsebackbyphonebyletterbyradiobyairmailbyhand38、［误］AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.［正］AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.［析］madeof是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化，而发生了某种变化则要用from,如：Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.39>［误］ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.［正］ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.［析］关于某方而的书籍、报告等有两个介词，其中on表示某专业用书，about则为某方面的普通读物，如：Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知识。40、［误］Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.［正］Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.［析］keytothedoor门的钥匙。相同用法还有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千万不要用of。41、［误］TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.［IE］TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.［析］haveinterestin是在某方面有兴趣。42、［误］Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.［正］Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.［析］beangrywith其后接人，而beangryat其后接事。如：Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.43、［误］Hewasgoodforskating.［正］Hewasgoodatskating.［析］begoodat为“擅长某事"，而begoodforsomebody为对某人很好。44n［误］Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.［正］Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.［析］这句话应译为：你真太好了，帮助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是对某人态度好。如：Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.45>［误］Myparentswereverypleasedatme.［正］Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.［正］Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.［析］bepleasedwith后力口somebody,而bepleasedat后力口somethingo46、［误］Heisagreewithme.［正］Heagreeswithme.47、［误］Heagainstsme.［正］Heisagainstme.［析］同意agree为动词，而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。48、［误］Ihaven'theardlettersfromhim.［IE］Ihaven'theardfromhim.［析］hearfrom即为：从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。49、［误］Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend?［正］Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend?［析］作为"拜访"讲callat其后接地点，如：MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend?rfucallon其后接人。50、［误］Doyouknowthegirlonwhite?［正］Doyouknowthegirlinwhite?［析］inwhite为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有：inbed（睡觉）,inhospital（住院）,inahurry（匆匆忙忙），indanger（危险中）,injoy（高兴），ingoodhealth（身体好），inlove（恋爱），introuble（困境），勺之相反的是outof,如：outoftrouble（摆脱困境），outofdate（过时了），outoforder（出故障）51、［误］Helookedatmeatsurprise.［IE］Helookedatmeinsurprise.［析］surprise的用法一般有三种。①用于句首，Toone'ssurprise,如：Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,如：Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.52>［误］Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.［正］Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.［析］becauseof后接名词，如：Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.（三）例题解析-Thankyouthebeautifulflowers!-Notatall.AinBonCatDfor［答案1D.［析］由于某事向某人道谢应用for。CanyouanswerthisquestionEnglish?AbyBinCwithDfrom［答案1B.［析］in表示用语言、声音、或材料，如：Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.LookthemapChinathewall,please.A after,of,inB at,of,inC after,in,onD at,of,on［答案1D.［析］lookat为“看“，而onthewall为”在墙表面挂着”，而inthewall则是“在墙内”,如：Thereisholeinthewall.墙上有个洞。-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon?-HearrivedtheretheeveningofDecember6th.AatBinConDto［答案］C.［析］intheevening/afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如：onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmileourteacher'sface.AoffBnearConDbetween［答案］C.Thetwinsgotonwelltheirclassmates.AtoBinCwithDabout［答案1c.［析］getonwellwith与人相处很好。-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.-1see.I'llcomeSaturdayevening.AinBatConDfor［答案］C.Let'shurry,orwe'llbelateschoolAtoBatCwithDfor［答案1D.［析］belatefor,而comelateto,如：Don'tcomelatetoschoolTheywillhaveamathstesttwodaysAforBatCinDafter［答案］C.［析］三天之内应用in,而不要受中文影响用after,afterthreedays是个不定的时间范围,即没有一个准确的时间。5天、6夭、1()天全是afterthreedays。1()MybrotherjoinedthearmyA 1989,MarchB inMarch,1989C March,1989D 1989,inMarch［答案］B.［析］在月份、年、前用介词in,而日子前用。n。Hecouldn'tworkoutthemathsproblemyourhelpAwithoutBunderCforDwith［答案］A.［析］在某人帮助下应用with,如：WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily而要是没有你的帮助则用withoutyourhelpGrannytookonelookatusherglassesAbyBthroughConDin［答案1B.［析］through为穿过 oWehadourbreakfastaquartersevenA/,toBin,toCat,toDon,to［答案］C.［析］具体时间点前用at,而差儿分儿点用to,这里应译为：我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。IlearnFrenchtheradioeverydayAonBinCfromDat［答案］A.［析］从收音机中听到某事应用词组ontheradiooIt'sgoodmannerstowaitlineAinBonCatDwith［答案］A.［析］inline为排队。HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearntlastterm?A bytheendofB attheendofC totheendofD tilltheendof［答案1A.［析］bytheendof为动作的截止时间，与完成时态相配合ThemanagerwasverysatisfiedhisworkAinBonCaboutDwith［答案］D.［析］besatisfiedwith为固定搭配。JohnhitJackfaceAontheBintheConhisDinhis［答案］B.［析］英文中的某些动词其后要接人，然后加介词+the+身体部位，如：Hecaughttheboybythearm。IwasbomthenightSeptember15,1978Ain,onBat,onCat,inDon,of［答案1D.［析］在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。It'sabadmannert