硕士英语第四单元翻译难句释义及词汇

SentenceStudy1.

(Para.1,Line.3)

Recenttrendsininvestmentingovernmentalhumancapitalinvestmentarefavorable

but

theinvestmentproportionisstilllowbyworldstandardsrisingto3.1%in2001.favorable.adj.favor.v.n.dosb.afavor有利的;赞许的;起促进作用的;译文：最近政府对人力资本的投资趋势更为有利，但较之2001年全世界高达3.1%的投资比例，则仍然偏低。warrant(para.2,line1)

v./n.n.保证;证明,根据

vt.使…显得合理;辩解保证,担保E.g.我可以担保他是一个诚实可靠的人。Iwillwarranthimanhonestandreliableperson.Thisimbalancemightbewarranted.(这种失衡也许有可以辩解的理由/显得合理。)2.

(para.2,line.2)However,evidenceindicatesthatthetruerateofreturntoeducationandskillformationisveryhighandthat

theimbalanceissymptomaticofaseriousdistortionofcurrentpolicy(thatretardseconomicdevelopmentinChina.)symptomatic：adj.征兆的,症候的;有症状的evidenceindicatesthat…symptom.n.症状;besymptomaticof…distortion:n.distort.v.

歪曲,曲解,使变形=deform-tort,扭转retard：使…放慢或迟缓;阻碍…的进步或发展;延迟；E.g.1.Lackofscienceandeducationretardssocialprogress.2.Lackofsunlightwillretardthegrowthofmostplants.译文：然而,有数据表明：教育和技能培训的投资比例的确很高，而这种失衡的政策，其症结在于投资政策的严重扭曲，影响了中国经济发展的速度。Para.3,line.1When…,What…hadbeenconsidered(as)anunexplainedresidual

becameidentifiedashumancapital.当经济学家开始测定经济发展的因素时，从前被认为是无法解释的“索洛剩余”被认定为人力资本（的范畴）。(para.3,thelastsentence)

payoff:

1.使得益;有回报E.g.Theinvestorbelievesthathisinvestmentwillpayoffhandsomelysoon.

投资者相信他的投资不久会有丰厚的收益。2.付清,还清Payoffyourcreditcardseverymonth.每个月请偿还(清)你的信用卡账单。

(Para.4)Theterm“humancapital”suggeststosomeadepersonalizationofindividualsandisassociatedinthepopularmindwith

adehumanizingsocietythatequatesmenwithmachines.

suggesttosb.sth.beassociatedwith..depersonalization,dehumanizeequate.v.~with使…平等，视为平等

equal.adj.有些人认为：“人力资本”这一术语的含义就是剥夺人们的个性，使广大民众联想到一个将人类等同于机器，失去人性的社会。theotherwayaround.=(adv.)exactlytheoppositePara.7,line.3Numerousempiricalstudies

demonstrate

that…adapttochange.实证研究，经验研究…moreeducated…,betterskilled……opportunityavailable…(Para.7,line.7)Greatskillalsofacilitatesworkermobilityacrossoccupation,industriesandregionsinresponsetonewopportunities.Ithelpspeoplereallocateresources,bothhumanandphysical,towardmoreproductiveopportunities,andeventorealizethatthoseopportunitiesexist.facilitate:makeeasier;facility,n.使便利,减轻…的困难;促进,帮助mobility:n.mobile.adj.reallocate:distributeagain

译文：技能高(广/有技能在身)便于劳动者在出现新机遇时跨工种、跨行业、跨地区的流动。它还有助于人们重新分配人力资本和实物资本的资源，以适应高效的机遇，甚至预见这些机遇的存在。(Para.8,line.3)

Byworldstandards,thepercentofcollege-educatedworkersisstilllowandthereissubstantialregionalvariabilitysothattheeducationalinfrastructureformoderngrowthisneeded.

Vary.v.Variable.adj./n.variabilityn.Various.adj.E.g.Haveyoutakenallthevariablesintoaccountinyourcalculations?在你的计算中，你是否把所有的可变因素都考虑进去呢?译文：按国际标准，中国受过大学教育的劳动者所占的人口比例仍然偏低，而且各地区之间也存在巨大差异，因此需要改善基础教育结构，以适应现代社会的发展。(para.9,line.4)Aninvestmentstrategy(that

emphasizesphysicalcapitaloverhumancapital)failstocapturethebenefits(thatcanarisefromamorebalancedinvestmentstrategy.)注：句子两个that引导的定语从句。emphasize…over…强调实物投资而忽视人力资本的投资策略，无法获得相应的收益，该收益则只能在更均衡的投资策略下产出。(Para.9)Theimpactofeducationontotalfactorproductivity

inregionsinChinashowsthattherecentpolicyofpromotinginvestmentinnoncoastalareasofChinawasthwarted

bylowlevelofeducationinthenoncoastalregions.thwart

v.hamper,defeat,frustratethwart

v.hamper,defeat,frustrate

阻挠,挫败,妨碍E.g.Weshouldcareforthemandnotthwarttheirenthusiasm.我们应该关心和爱护他们，而不是阻碍他们的积极性。bethwartedby…受……的阻挠，妨碍译文：教育事业对中国各地区全因素生产力所造成的影响证明：中国内地教育水平的低下，防碍了政府最近对内地加大投资的政策的实施。Theimpactofeducationontotalfactorproductivity

inregionsinChinashowsthattherecentpolicyofpromotinginvestmentinnoncoastalareasofChinawasthwarted

bylowlevelofeducationinthenoncoastalregions.

(Para.10)WhenwethinkaboutanappropriateinvestmentstrategyinChina,andthedevelopmentofitsregions,itisveryimportanttounderstandthat

optimizingoverthefullportfolioofinvestment---bothhumanandphysicalcapital---promotesthehighestrateofgrowth.optimizing1.optimize,v.使最优化,使尽可能有效2.表示乐观optimistic,adj.optimism,n.pessimistic,adj.pessimism,n.v.pessimize译文：当我们考虑在中国如何制定最佳投资策略，如何使各地区协调发展，我们必须认识到：只有全面优化人力资本和实物资本的投资结构(组合)，才能产生最快的发展速度，这一点是至关重要的。(Para.10)Byequalizingreturnsacrossassetsandacrossmarketsindifferentregionsofthecountry,greaternationalwealthandlongrunsocialequalitywillbeproduced.

只有平衡各地区的资本效益与市场效益，才能为国家创造更多的财富，并实现社会的长治久安。

(para.11,line.5)Theplaceofbirthisoneofthemostimportantdeterminantsofthatperson’sadultskilllevel.ThisisapowerfulsourceofinequalityinChinesesocietyacrosspeopleatapointintimeandacrossgenerations.

determinant----determine.v.n.决定因素adj.决定性的,确定的,限定性的Theplaceofbirthisoneofthemostimportantdeterminantsofthatperson’sadultskilllevel.ThisisapowerfulsourceofinequalityinChinesesocietyacrosspeopleatapointintimeandacrossgenerations.译文：籍贯是一个人成年后技能的最重要的决定因素之一。无论就同一时代的人来讲，还是隔代而言这都是导致中国社会不平等的重大根源。Thissourceofinequalityisreinforcedbythevestigesofhoukou(hukou)policythatchargeschildrenofinterregionalimmigrantsabovenormalfeesthatareaslargeas10%oftotalfamilyincomejustfortherighttoattendschool.vestige

n.残余部分;遗迹;痕迹1.Werepresentthelastvestigeofwhatmadethisnationgreat–hardworking.我们代表了曾使这个国家伟大的仅存的品质--勤奋。2.Theobjectiontoopeningupworkmarketisavestigeofplannedeconomycharge(for)E.g.Howmuchdoyouchargeforahaircut?freeofchargeinterregionalInter-region–al

译文：使这种不平等雪上加霜的是残存的户口政策，也就是向跨地区流动人员的孩子征收高额的借读费，其份额已高达该家庭总收入的百分之十。(para.13,the1stsentence)Apolicyofchargingfeesforaccesstoeducation,whichiswidespreadinsecondaryandhigherlevels,canbejustified

asawaytorationscarceresourcestothosewhomightbenefitmostfromeducation.

justifyvt.证明…有理;为…辩护E.g.Hetriedtojustifyhisabsencewithlameexcuses.他试图用蹩脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。bejustifiedas…n.定量;配给量Thecountrycutthebreadrationlastyear.vt.限量供应;配给Wewererationedtotwoeggsaday.ration(rate)在中学阶段以后普遍征收学费是合情合理的一种方式，因为这样可以把有限的教育资源分配给最能从中收益的人。

Apolicyofchargingfeesforaccesstoeducation,whichiswidespreadinsecondaryandhigherlevels,canbejustified

asawaytorationscarceresourcestothosewhomightbenefitmostfromeducation.

(para.15,line.2)Itisimportanttoevaluategovernmentactivityonaquantitativebasis,toscreenthebadinvestmentsfromthegoodonesandconductpolicyonafactuallyinformedbasis.ona…basis:

以…的制度/体系/标准/基础上E.g.onadailybasis,onaday-shiftbasis,E.g.Spendsometimeonadailybasisclearingyourmind,riddingitofnegativethoughts,andrefocusingitonthosethatarepositive.

…factuallyinformed…译文：重要的是，要对政府的行为进行量化评估，将好的投资项目与坏的投资项目分开，并本着实事求是的态度执行政策方针。Groundin=basedon(Para.16,thelastsentence)Sotheonlything…isthat

personalincentivestoinvestinskillsarelow,although…从句：Onecanconcludefrom…toeducationanalysisappliedtohistoricalChinesedata(过去分词短语做定语)…从中国历史数据所得到的教育分析…(para.17)Animbalancedpolicythatseekstoimproveproductivityinnoncoastalregionsbyencouraginginvestment

inphysicalcapitalaloneismuchlessefficientthanapolicythatinvestsinamorebalancedfashioninboth.

在内地，单靠大规模实物投资来提高生产力的失衡政策，它的收效远远不如对两者（物力和人力）同时投资的更均衡的政策来的快。Para.18subsidize.v.monetaryassistancegrantedbygovernmentsubsidy.n.sub-side-izeen-tail:make…followasaconsequence(para.19,line.3)Afreemarketthatallowsthesamekindofincentivestooperateasthosethatincreasinglygoverncapital

marketsandproductmarketsinChinawouldgoalongwaytowardpromotingskillformation.

中国的资本市场和产品市场日益受到该机制的制约，这种自由的市场将大大推动人们掌握一技之长。（Para.20）Anotherpolicythatwouldpromotegrowthisequalization

ofregionalandurbanvs.ruralratesofreturnstohumanandphysicalcapitalbypermittingfre