初三定语从句讲解

.\初三定语从句讲解三、定语从句复习概要.在复合句(包括主句和从句)中，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句必须放在被修饰的词之后，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。如：Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables住在我们隔壁的那个人是卖蔬菜的。YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.你必须做我所做的一切。.由that,which,who(whom)等关系代词引导的定语从句，关系代词可在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。通常which指事物，who指人(作宾语时用whom),that既可指人也可指物。但在使用时有所区别：A.定语从句须用that引导的情况：(1)先行词是all,much,little,none,no,any,some等不定代词或由no-,any-,every-构成的复合不定代词。如：Allthatisworthdoingshouldbedonewell一切值得做的事都应该做好。ThereislittlemoneythatIcanspendonbooks我几乎无钱买书。Everythingwesawinthemuseumgreatinterestedus.我们在博物馆里看到的每一件事情都使我们很感兴趣。(2)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等词修饰时。如：Theonlythingthatshecoulddowastogotothepoliceforhelp.她唯一能做的事就是去求助于警察。ThisisthelasttimethatIshallgiveyoualesson.这是我最后一次给你们上课。⑶先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。如:.\Wewillneverforgetthefirstlesson(that)ourchemistryteachergaveus.化学教师上的第一课我们永远难忘。ThisisthefirsttripthatIhavemadeinmylife.这是我有生以来第一次出行。(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。如：ThemostdifficultproblemthatImetwithishowtogetenoughmoneytobuythesebooks.我遇到的最困难的问题就是怎样得到足够多的钱把这些书买下来。ThisisthebestdictionarythatI’veeverbought.这是我所买的最好的字典。Thisisthebiggestlabthatwehaveeverbuiltinourschool.这是我们学校已经兴建的最大的实验室。⑸先行词同时包含人和事物时。如：Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthethingsthatwerememberedintheschoolforhalfanhour.我们谈论了半小时我们所记得的学校里的人和事。Thevisitorspokehighlyofthechildrenandtheperformances(that)theysawattheChildren,sPalace来宾们高度评价他们在少年宫见到的孩子们及其表演。(6)当主句为who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复，习惯上多用that。如：WhichofusthatknowsanyEnglishdoesn,tknowthemeaningofUFO?我们懂英语的人中谁不知道UFO的意思？(7)被修饰成分为表语，或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。例如：Tomisnottheboy(that)heusedtobe.汤姆已不是过去的那个男孩了。.\Thatisagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.这是本对你很有帮助的书。Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace(that)itusedtobe.我的故乡已不再是过去的那个样子了。(8)当主句以Therebe开头时。如：ThereissomethingthatImustdealwithrightnow我有事情必须马上处理。Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.角落里仍有一个空位子。B.定语从句须用which引导的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中。如：Let,sdiscussthequestion,whichweareinterestedin.咱们讨论一下这个问题，这个问题我们大家都很感兴趣。(2)在定语从句中作介词宾语，且直接置于介词之后时。如：Hishouse,forwhichhepaid10,000yuantenyearsago,isnowworth30,000yuan.他的房子现在值三万元，十年前他是花一万元买的。C.定语从句须用who(whom)引导的情况：(1)当先行词all,any和afew指人时。如：Anywhobreaksthelawwillbepunished任何人犯了法都会受到惩罚。(2)先行词为that,this,those或these且指人时。如：Thosewhohadn,tboughtaticketforthetraincrowdedinthewaitinghall.那些未买着票的人拥挤在候车厅里。.\(3)当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中用who或whom引导均可，但如直接位于介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。如：Theguest(who/whom)I,llfirstintroducetoyouisalittlegirl.我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。Imetafewfriendsofmineamongwhomwasmyoldclassmate.我遇见了几位朋友，其中一位是我的老同学。D.where,when与why可作关系副词，引导一个定语从句。如：where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Thatisthehousewhere(=inwhich)helivedtenyearsago.那是他十年前住过的房子。Thehospitalwhere(=inwhich)hermotherisworkingisfarfromherhome.她母亲工作的那个医院离她家很远。when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)IfirstcametoBeijing.我还记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。Shecameatatimewhenweneededhermost.她是在我们最需要她的时候来的。why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Why作为关系副词只用在reason后面。Iknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)shewassoangry.我知道她为什么那么生气。Doyouknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hecamesolate?.\你知道他来得这么晚的原因吗？［注］为了记住这三个关系副词的用法，同学们可以背诵这个口诀:thetimewhen,theplacewhere,thereasonwhy。［定语从句典例探究］MostofthepeoplelosttheirlivesintheattacksareAmericans.（2005常州）A.whenB.whoC.howD.which［研析］B。定语从句所修饰的先行词people是指人的名词，关系词用who;when作关系副词用，表示时间；which指代先行词是物的名词。-Doyouknoweverybodycametotheparty?（2005江苏常州）--No.Idon'tknowtheoneyoutalkedwithnearthedoor.A.who,/B.whose,thatC.that,whichD./,whom［研析］A。第一空格处先行词who作定语从句中的主语，不可省略；第二空格处关系词作定语从句的宾语，可以省略。Thisyear'sOlympicsarespecial,becausetheGamesarecomingbacktothecountrytheystartedin.（2004湖南怀化）A.asB.whenC.thereD.which［研析］D。which在这里引导定语从句，修饰先行词country。句意是“ 奥运会又回到了它的发祥地。”Iliketoliveinahouseisbigandbright.（2005海淀升学卷）A.thatB.whoC.howD.and［研析］A°that引导定语从句并在定语从句中作主语，不可省略。

.\Withthemoneyhehadsaved,hewentonwithhisstudies.（2004江苏徐州）A.thatB.whatC.whoD.where［研析］Aothat引导定语从句。当先行词是事物的时候，关系代词可用that或which。ThisistheplaceIvisitedlastyear.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.inthat［研析］B.which引导定语从句并在定语从句中作宾语。不能选where,因为visit是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语。theplace作visit的宾语，而不是地点状语。ThisistheschoolIworkedsevenyearsago.inwhichinthatwhichD.thatinwhichinthatwhichD.that［研析］A.inwhich相当于where,引导一个定语从句并在句中作地点状语。不能选which或that,因为work是不及物动词，后面不能直接跟宾语，需要加一个介词in才能跟宾语。这句话可说成：ThisistheschoolwhichIworkedinsevenyearsago.或把in提至^which前，变成：ThisistheschoolinwhichIworkedsevenyearsago.当然也可变成：ThisistheschoolwhereIworkedsevenyearsago.（因为inwhich=where）考点详解例1选择正确的答案。Whenthework,we,llmakeatriptotheGreatWall.A.isfinishedB.wasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.willfinish解析：本题答案为A。.\本题考查的是状语从句和被动语态.work是被完成的，所以要用被动语态。当主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句用一般现在时。例2选择正确的答案。Thebusuntileveryonegetson.A.starts B.willstartC.won,tstartD.start解析：本题答案为C。本题考查的是状语从句。until引导的时间状语从句是一般现在时，主句就是一般将来时，所以A、D选项去掉；主句中的谓语动词是短暂动词，所以用否定形式。例3选择正确的答案。Hedidn,tcometotheparty,hehadalotofworktodo.A.becauseB.if C.soD.sothat解析：本题答案为A。本题考查的是原因状语从句。根据题意，它是一种因果关系，所以选择A。例4选择正确的答案。Ididn,tknowwhere.A.heis B.ishe C.hewasD.washe解析：本题答案为C。本题考查的是宾语从句。主句的谓语动词如果是一般过去时，宾语从句也要根据实际情况用过去时的某种形式。所以A、B选项去掉；宾语从句一律用陈述语序，故选C。例5选择正确的答案。Didyouasktheteacherthedaybefore?A.whatwashappenedtoherB.whatshehadhappenedC.whatshehappenedD.whathadhappenedtoherC.whatshehappened.\解析：本题答案为D。本题考查的是宾语从句。该题从句的主语是what而不是she,所以B、C选项去掉；happen是不及物动词，不能用被动语态。用who/whom/that/which填空。ThosearethethingsIlostinthestreetyesterday.Heisthepersonweoftentalkabout.Theytalkedofthingsandpersonstheyremembered.TheycallitChristmas,comesfromthenameChrist.Theymaygototheirownlibrarytolookupanyinformationtheyneed.单项选择。Peoplestudyearthquakesthinkthattherewillbenobigearthquakehere.a.whob.whichc.whomd./Thepancakemyauntcooksisdelicious.a.thatb.which c./d.a,borcTheyoungmanIhadatalkwithisafriendofmine.a.andb.andwhoc.thatd.whichKey:定语从句"三步曲"解码：1.that/which2.who/whom/that3.thatwhich5.that6—8adc/d找出错误并改正。Whoisthemanwhohaswhitehair?Isthisthebookforwhichhewaslooking?Thevillageinthathelivesis20kilometresaway.Shetalkedofthemanandcookswhoandthatinterestedherverymuch..\ThisisthefirstbookwhichIhavebought.Allwhichcanbedonehasbeendone.Hewastheonlypersonwhichknowshowtoopenthedoor.Themantowhoyoutalkedisafamousrunner.ThegirlwhomisinClassTwoisJim,ssister.IstillrememberthedaythatIfirstcametoNanjing.定语从句练习答案（Keys：1.第二个who变为that2.for应放在looking之后3.in放在lives之后或that变为which4.whoand去掉5.which变为that6.which变为that7.which变为that8.who变为whom9.whom变为who或that10.that变为when）从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择一个正确的选项，完成下列各句。Thenumberofpeoplelosthomesreachedasmanyas250,000.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.不填ThisisthemostbeautifulparkIhavevisited.A.which；everB.that；neverC.which；yetD.that；everThisisthemostenjoyablejourneyIhaveeverheardof.A.whichB.whoC.thatD.whomWearetalkingaboutTonny,youmetyesterday.A.whomB.whichC.thatD.withwhoIsthistheverymuseumsomeJapanesevisitorsvisitedlastWednesday?.\A.oneB.whereC.thatD.whichTheplaceIgrewupisabeautifultown.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.fromwhichThisistheshopsellschildren,sclothing.A.whereB.whoC.theoneD.whichIdon,tthinkthenumberofpeoplethishappensisverylarge.A.whoB.towhichC.thatD.towhomDoyouknowMrsJacksondaughterisafamouspoet?A.thatherB.whoseC.whoD.ofwhomDoyourememberoneeveningaweekagoIcametoyourroomandborrowedadictionary?A.beforeB.whichC.whenD.as答案与简析：1.B。who是关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作主语，whom（作宾语）与which结构皆不能入选。2.D。当定语从句所修饰的先行词有形容词最高级修饰时，要用关系代词that,句意表明定语从句表示肯定，而不是否定，故选D。3.C4.A。whom关系代词，指人，在句中用作宾语。5.C。先行词被theonly,thevery,thefirst等修饰时，须用关系代词that引导。6.C。where是关系副词，指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。7.D。which是关系代词，指物，在定语从句中作主语。8.D。happentosb.指“