2020年整合考博英语英译汉、汉译英专项练习(含详解)2名师精品资料

人大考博英语汉译英专项练习（1-10，含详解）专项练习1科技是人类文明进步的动力源泉。古老的中国，曾在世界科技史上占有重要地位。今天的中国人民，不仅与全世界共享科技文明的成果，也在各个领域推动世界科技的进步。科技奥运将反映科技最新进展，集成全国科技创新成果，推出一届高科技含量的体育盛会；提高北京科技创新能力，推进高新技术成果的产业化及其在人民生活中的广泛应用，使北京奥运会成为展示高新技术成果和创新实力的窗口。【参考译文】ScienceandtechnologyisthesourcepowerwhichcandrivecivilizationofHumanbeing.China,anold-linecountry,hashadahighpositionintheworld'stechnologyhistory.Today,Chinesepeoplearenotonlysharingtheharvestoftechnologyandcivilizationwithpeoplefromrestoftheworld,butpromotingthescienceandtechnologyinallkindsoffieldaswell.High-techOlympicsmeansthatwewillcloselyfollowthelatesthigh-techdevelopmentshomeandabroadandintegratethehigh-techachievementsnationwidesoastohostamagnificentsportseventinhigh-techachievement.Indoingso,Beijing'scapacityinhigh-techinnovationwillbeimprovedandtheapplicationofhigh-techachievementsinproductionandpeople'slifepromoted.BeijingOlympicGameswillbeawindowtoshowcaseourhigh-techachievementsandinnovativecapacity.专项练习2去年，美国联邦航空管理局把用来计算飞机载荷的乘客平均体重提高了10磅。因为当时原油价格创下了历史新记录，作为应对措施，很多公司不得不提高机票价格中的燃料费用。美国人和欧洲人不断发胖的趋势促使政府发动健康运动，同时人们严厉谴责许多食品公司。麦当劳连锁店在谴责声中受到冲击，因而不得不在最近几个月里修改菜单，增加了一些更有利于健康的食物。这一举动促使麦当劳的盈利增加。然而，据专家预测，人类注定会越来越胖，会对航空公司的利润空间形成不断增加的压力。【参考译文】Lastyear,theFederalAviationAdministrationincreasedbytenpoundstheaveragepassengerweighttheyusetocalculateaircraftloads.Sincethencrudeoilpriceshavehitrecordlevels,withmanyfirmsrespondingbyraisingthefuelsurchargetheyaddtoticketprices.TherisinglevelofobesityintheUSandinEuropehaspromptedgovernmenthealthcampaignsandharshcriticismofanumberoffoodfirms.RestaurantchainMcDonald'shastakenthebruntoftheattackandhasinrecentmonthsreworkeditsmenutoincludehealthieroptions.Themovehashelpedliftprofits.Thepredictionbyexperts,however,isthathumansaresettobecomebigger,puttingincreasingpressureonairlineprofit.专项练习3据最新估计，雅典奥运会的开支已达到100亿美元，这对于希腊这样的小国来说可是一笔不小的数目，何况它曾经是欧盟中最贫穷的国家。希腊对这次奥运会可能带来的美好前景寄予厚望，并想借此机会（向世界）展示一个“焕然一新”的希腊，以吸引新的投资者和游客。但是，本国运动员的兴奋剂丑闻和旅游业的低靡破坏了希腊的形象，这使希腊政府十分恼火。希腊财政部的一位重要官员告诉记者，希腊只有正确处理好公众关系，才能使雅典奥运会的开销变成投资。【参考译文】LatestestimatesofthecostsofhostingtheAthensOlympicsputthematupto$10billionhugeamountforasmallcountrylikeGreece,oncethepoorestintheEU.Thenationhaspinnedhopesofasuccessfulfutureontheeventsbeingashowcasefora“transformed”country,attractingnewinvestorsandtouristsalike.Butthereisangeringovernmentthatthehometeam'sdopingscandalsandatourismslumpareruiningGreece'simage.AkeytreasuryaidetoldreportersthatGamesspendingwouldbecomeaninvestmentonlyifGreecegottherightpublicrelationsmessageacross.专项练习4正在意大利进行国事访问的中国国家主席江泽民22日在总统府与意大利总统举行了会谈。江泽民主席说，中意两国虽然相距遥远，社会制度、文化传统、经济发展程度也存在差异，但两国关系很好。现在两国合作的深度与广度不断扩大，意大利是中国在欧洲的重要贸易伙伴。两国经济互补性强，双方开展经贸合作潜力很大。中国政府支持和鼓励中国企业界同意大利同行多往来，使两国经贸合作更富有成果。【参考译文】ChinesepresidentJiangZemingwhoiscurrentlyonastatevisittoItalyheldaformaltalkwithItalianpresidenton22ndatthepresidentialpalace.PresidentJiangpointedoutthatalthoughItalyandChinaaregeographicallyfarawayfromeachotherandimportantdifferencesexistintheirrespectivesocialsystems,culturaltraditions,andthelevelsofeconomicdevelopment,thetwocountrieshavesofarmaintainedaveryfriendlybilateralrelationship.Atpresent,thecooperationbetweenthetwocountrieshasbeenexpandingintermsofboththedepthandthewidth,ItalybeinganimportanttradepartnerofChinainEurope.Theeconomiesofbothcountriesarecharacterizedbystrongcomplementarityandthereistremendouspotentialforbothcountriestoundertakeeconomicandtradecooperation.TheChinesegovernmentwillsupportandencourageChinesebusinesscommunitiestoconductmorecontactswiththeirItaliancounterpartssoastomaketheeconomicandcommercialcooperationbetweenthetwocountriesmoreconstructiveandfruitful.专项练习5徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多不很可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人烟稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。【参考译文】Duringhislifetime,XuXiaketraveledaroundandconductedsurveysin16provinces.Helefthisfootstepsinvirtuallyeverypartofthecountry.Intheprocessofconductinghissurveysandinvestigations,hewouldneverblindlyembracetheconclusionsrecordedinpreviousdocuments.Instead,hediscoveredthatthedocumentationsmadebyhispredecessorsintheirgeographicalstudieswerenotquitereliableinmanyaspects.Inordertoensurethathisreconnaissancewererealanddetailed,heseldomtraveledbyshiporbywagon.Heclimbedovermountainsandhillsandtraveledlongdistancesalmostentirelyonfoot.Inordertodevelopatruepictureofthenaturalworld,hemadeitapointofundertakinghisexpeditionsinthosemountainareaswhereroadsweredifficulttotravelandinthosewoodsthatweresparselypopulated.Inthiswayhediscoveredmanymarvelousmountainsandbeautifulscenes.Hefrequentlychosedifferenttimesandseasonsoftheyeartomakerepeatedvisitstothefamousmountainsacrossthecountrysothathecouldmakerepeatedobservationsoftheirwonderfulscenerythatkeptchangingallyearround.专项练习6在过去几十年里,大多数发展中国家的人民文化水平得到了提高,寿命大大延长;几乎在所有地方，妇女的地位在逐步提高。一个由电子邮件联结的全球公民同盟，倡议并起草了最新的禁止地雷条约，并劝说大多数政府来签署该条约。越来越多的环保组织与私营企业一起努力并产生了惊人的效果：最近已有二十多家大公司决定签署全球气象条约。【参考译文】Literacyandlifespanshaverisendramaticallyinmostdevelopingcountriesoverthepastfewdecades,andthestatusofwomenisslowlyimprovingnearlyeverywhere.Itwasaglobalcoalitionofcitizens'groupslinkedbye-mailthatinitiatedandlargelydraftedtherecenttreatytobanlandminesandpersuadedmostoftheworld'sgovernmentstosignit.Andincreasingly,environmentalgroupsareworkingwithprivatecorporations,oftentostartlingeffect:Witnesstherecentdecisionofsometwodozenmajorcompaniestoendorsetheglobalclimatetreaty.专项练习7拉丁美洲的未来难以预料。一方面，该地区已做好发展的准备：大多数民主政府已投入经济改革，人口已大部分城市化，相当可观的工业基础,极为丰富的自然资源。另一方面，拉丁美洲仍是全球最不平等的地区：土地所有权高度集中,大多数人不具备接受良好的教育及其他社会服务的机会，一些国家仍有高达40%的赤贫人口。腐化的毒品交易和持久的暴力活动都是当地普遍存在的问题。拉丁美洲国家可能在实行社会及经济改革，但是由于社会局势紧张，人们无法广泛享受发展带来的好处，因此该地区前景暗淡，并会引发新一轮的动荡局面和经济萧条。【参考译文】LatinAmerica'sfutureisuncertain.Ontheonehand,theregionispoisedforgrowth,withmostlydemocraticgovernmentscommittedtoeconomicreform,analreadylargelyurbanizedpopulation,asubstantialindustrialbase,andvastquantitiesofnaturalresources.Ontheotherhand,LatinAmericaremainsthemostunequalregiononearth,withhighlyconcentratedownershipofland,limitedaccesstogoodeducationandothersocialservicesformany,andasmuchas40%ofthepopulationindirepovertyinsomecountries.Thecorruptionofthecocainetradeandpersistentviolenceareendemicproblems.LatinAmericancountriesmaypursuesocialaswellaseconomicreform,butsocialtensionsandthefailuretosharethebenefitsofgrowthmorewidelycouldunderminetheregion'sprospectsandinitiateanewcycleofinstabilityandeconomicstagnation.专项练习8任何人都无法肯定地预测北美、欧洲和日本在未来会扮演怎样的角色。由于拥有巨大的经济和社会优势并掌握着资本和技术，他们的潜在领导力和影响力大大提高。但是，保守的社会和政治反动势力可能导致一种不很乐观的发展趋势，那就是这些强大的地区采取更加狭隘、闭关自守的发展战略。另外，无法确定的是，这些较为富裕的国家能否持有相同观点【参考译文】NoonecanforecastwithcertaintythepreciserolesthatNorthAmerica,Europe,andJapanwillplayinthefuture.Theirpotentialcapacityforleadershipandinfluenceisbolsteredbytheenormouseconomicandsocialadvantagestheyenjoy,aswellastheircommandofcapitalandtechnology.Butreactionarysocialandpoliticaltendenciescouldleadtoaless-optimisticscenarioinwhichthesepowerfulregionsforgeanarrower,inward-lookingstrategy.Itisnotatallcertainthatthemore-affluentnationswillshareasingleoutlook.专项练习9目前几乎所有在营销的新的教育产品和教育服务都带有技术的特征。这种技术能替代全部教师或减少教师的数量，从而解决一些传统教育中的致命弱点。譬如，替代教师只是降低了大量劳动密集型的教学过程导致的昂贵费用，而学生数量并没有减少。这样就取消了教师终身职位制，而终身制恰恰使那些既没有受过培训又没有水平，不适应变化及新方法的教员始终留在岗位上。这一技术最终犹如最好的教师，永远耐心温和。它适合每个学生的不同学习速度和知识水平，永不疲倦。【参考译文】Almostalloftheneweducationalproductsandservicesnowbeingmarketedbearthestampoftechnology.Suchtechnologyreplacesteachersaltogetherorreducestheirnumber,thussolvingseveralcriticalweaknessesintraditionaleducation.Forinstance,replacingteachersreducesthehighcostofanexcessivelylabor-intensiveinstructionalprocesswhilestillservingthesamenumberofstudents.Then,too,iteliminatestenure,whichunfortunatelylocksininstructorswhodonothavethetrainingorknowledgetokeepupwithchangingfieldsandnewapproaches.Finally,technology,likethebestofteachers,isinfinitelypatientandreassuring.Itaccommodatesthespeedofeachstudentandhisorherleveloflearning.Itneverwearies.专项练习10大多数在因特网上提供教育产品和服务的公司致力于员工和管理业务培训。电脑学校声称全校有3万名学生