三大从句考点讲解及练习

三大从句考点讲解及练习三大从句考点讲解及练习/15从句一、句子的种类英语句子按结构可分三种：简单句：只包含一个主谓结构的句子，包括五种基本句型1）主语+谓语；2）主语+谓语+宾语；3）主语+系动词+表语；4）主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；5）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补语注意：非谓语做状语，也属于简单句，后面句子前不能出现连词。并列句：并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。句型：主谓结构+并列连词（and,but,so,or……）+主谓结构（或更多的主谓结构）注意:并列句连接的两个或两个以上的简单句，短语和句子不能连接。3・复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。句型：引导词+主谓结构+主谓结构;或主谓结构+引导词+主谓结构（从句） （主句） 主句从句主句是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；从句则是一个句子成分,不能独立存在。从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分,就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，从句须由一个关联词引导。从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句。二、需要注意的问题句子原则：一个句子只能有一个主谓结构，谓语是唯一的,谓语由动词构成，如果出现更多动词：加连词（and/but/so...）,变成并列谓语或并列句加上引导词变成从句变为非谓语动词英语句子和汉语句子的对比1） 英语句子的特点之一是重“形合”，句子的各个部分要由各种连词、关系词等连接起来;而汉语句子是重“意合”，句子前后连接主要是通过上下文的逻辑意义来实现的，连接词的使用远远少于英语，由于这一特点，很多学生在写作时往往忘了使用连接词，造成诸多病句。2） 在汉语中逗号可以直接连接句子，但是在英语中，句子之间连接除了逗号外，还要借助连词。连词主要有两类，即并列连词和从属连词，并列连词在句中连接并列句，从属连词主要引导从句的。有一种情况可以不用连词只用逗号连接，那就是独立主格结构。3） 汉语句子中，两个连词可以同时出现在一个句子中，但是在英语中，从属连词和并列连词不能在一个句子中同时使用，只能用一个。改错：Eg-1)Iamtired,Imustgotobed.Hehastwosons,bothofthemareteachers.ThewomantalkedtoyoujustnowisourEnglishteacher.TherearemanystudentsstudyintheclassroomTheboyrantohismothercry.Afterwritethenotice,heputituponthewall・Apersonhasnotenoughfood,hewillnothaveahealthybody.Thesunwarmstheearth,thismakesitpossiblefortheplantsgrow.Wewerelookingforyournewcoat,wecouldnotfindit.Practisemorereadingsyouwillimproveyourreadingability*Thepersoncametoseemethatafternoonisanoldfriendofmine・Hesucceededinpassingtheexammadehisparentsveryhappy.Itisapityshedidn^twintheprize.TomorrowisSunday,wedon5tneedtogotoschool.Theworkwasfinished,wewenthome.Timepermits,we5llgoouttoplay.l\iruingtotheleft,andyouwillfindabank.Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthecouldn^tunderstandit.Becausehewasill,sohedidn'tgotoschool.Thoughheisachild,butheknowsalot.三、各种从句的引导词的选择关于这个问题是学生学习从句这一内容的最大障碍，要弄清属于什么从句，除t了分清各从句在主句中的位置外，关键在于弄懂各个引导词在从句中的作用。定语从句放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面名词性从句分为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句位于主句中的谓语或后置；2)宾语从句位于主句中及物动词或介词和某些形容词之后。3)表语从句位于主句中的系动词之后；4)同位语从句位于名词如：idea,fact,truth,suggestion,plan之后；状语从句位置可以在主句前或主句后；时间、条件、原因，让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号及主句隔开。引导词充当成分判断依据名词性从句连接词that无实义不充当成分1、 连接词的意义在从句当中充当的成分whether/if是否连接代词What(什么,...69)whatever(无论什么)主、宾、表定Who（谁）whoever（无论是谁）主Whom(谁)whoniever(无论是谁)宾Which（哪个）whichever（无论哪个）主、宾、定Whose谁的定连接副词where什么地方状语When什么时候why为什么

How怎样定语从句关系代词who主、宾、1、 先行词在从句当中充当的成分Whom宾、Which主、宾.that主、宾、表Whose定语关系副词Where状语WhenWhy状语从句时间when,while,as…状语主从句之间的逻辑关系，注意从属连词的意义地点where,wherever...原因because,as,since.••目的sothat,inorderthat结果so/suclL..that条件if,unless...方式as让步although,evenif比较•••than…定语从句定语的概念：定语是用來修饰名词或代词的。比如：abeautifulgirl( )threeboys( )ashoefactory()・JinVsfather( ) ourteacher( )themaninthecarTOC\o"1-5"\h\z( )themanstandingatthedoor( ) themanwhoistalkingwithSam( )\o"CurrentDocument"单个词做定语放在被修饰词 ,短语或句子做定语放在被修饰词 •定语从句的概念及主要特征：定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一 或 的从句叫定语从句。\o"CurrentDocument"三要素：1)被定语从句修饰的词叫 :2)引导定语从句的词叫 ；3)关系词在从句中充当 关系词的作用：1)引导 ；2)替 ;3)在从句中充当请划出下列句子中的定语从句.先行词及关系代词:Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmvfatherisapoliceman・2.关系词的分类及用法关系词分为 和 ,关系代词有 关系副词有 关系词指代的先行词在从句中充当的成分3•定语从句的分类及用法区另定语从句形式功能能否省略关系词先行词限制性定语从句非限制定语从句使用定语从句需要注意的问题1、 that及which的区别。1） 用that而不用which的情况：当先行词是不定代词everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some,much等代词时，或当先行词有every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等代词修饰时。②先行词有theonly,thevery,thelast等词修饰③先行词有形容词 或 修饰;；④先行词既有—又有 时；⑤主句的主语是 或 ⑥若关系代词在从句中作 >一般需用that.e.g.AllthatglittersisnotgoldThereisnothingthatcanpreventhimfromdoingitThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.ThisUthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.MrSmithistheonlyforeignerthatheknows.Whoisthemanthatisstandingbythegate?WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?TheytalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthattheyrememberedatschoolMarvisnolongerthegirlthatshewas.2） 用which而不用that的情况：①引导非限制性定语从句；②代表整个主句的意思；③介词+关系代词。e.g.Hehadfailedinthemathsexam,whichmadehisfatherveryangry.Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.that及who的区别在one,anyone,those指人时一般用"who”。he/she/I/they作先行词时，用"who”代替“that”.Anyone breaksthelawispunished・Those breakthelawarepunished.He doesrftreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.as引导定语从句时的用法as引导限制性定语从句，通常用于在主句中常有thesame,so或such及as相呼应9（thesame...as;such...asso...as）as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语。e.g.SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.Doiftdosuchthingsasyouarenotsureabout※比较：Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.（ 从句）Itissobigastonethatnoonecanliftit.（ 从句）as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后,用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect,asisoftenthecase等。e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceevervmonth・3)as引导非限制性定論从旬时及which的区别当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用Which来引导非限制性定语从句。egHemadealongspeech,asweexpected.Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveiyday,whichhiswifedoesn'tlikeatall.as—般放在句首或句审,which置于句中©Asweknow,theearthisround・Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.关系代词及关系副词两蒔 ’找出定语从句从句中主语和宾语是否齐全，如齐全用关系副词如果定语从句缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如果是，则用关系代词，如果不是，则用关系副词。如果定语从句中谓语结构是被动语态，有主语，则用关系代词A.Iknowaplace wecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplace isfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.B・Iwillneverforgetthedays wespentourholidaystogether.Iwillneverforgetthedays wespenttogether.October1stisthedav newChinawasfounded.C.Thisisthereason hewasdismissed.Thisisthereason heexplainedtomeforhisnotattendingthemeeting.※如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation和case,position等表示抽象意义的词，常用where引导，(前提是从句中缺少状语)。Icanthinkofmanycases thewordsareused・whose引导的定諱从句whose是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语。ofwhich可以代替whose指物，词序一般是"山©+名词+ofwhich”或"ofwhich+the+名词”。ofwhom可以代替whose指人，词序是uthe+名词+ofwhom"或"ofwhom+the+名词。Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.5•“介词+关系代词”考点分析.考査定语从句中谓语部分的搭配习惯看定语从句中动词及介词的搭配Theman Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting.Dovoulikethebook shepaid$10?看定语从句中形容词及介词的搭配Hegavemesomereferencebooks IamnotveryfamiliarChinaisabeautifulcountry, weareproud・.考査先行词及介词的審配习惯这类考题往往要根据具体的语境来选择介词。F11neverforgetthedav whichshesaidgoodbyetome.考査根据句意确定乔词Iamlookingformyglasses, whichIcan'twatchTVclearly."介词+关系茯词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many\most,each,few等代词或者数词。Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80% aresoldabroad・Therearetwobuildings,thelarger standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.6•关系词作主语时，其谓语动词的数取决于先行词尤其是“on©ofthe+复数名词”这一结构后面的定语从句中的谓语动词，通常用复数形式，及定语从句所靠近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。但如果"oneofthe+复数名词”这一结构前面带有theonly之类的限定语，从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式。Tomisoneoftheboyswho latethatmorning.Tomistheonlyoneoftheboyswho latethatmorning.填空练习2014-2015年高考题Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon schooleducationdepends.【安徽】ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership, showsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.【福建】3・Thenumberofsmokers, isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyean【江苏】Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime heshouldbeabletobeindependent.［陕西】Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmosphere hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.【天津】Hewrotemanychildren9sbooks,nearlyhalfof werepublishedinthe1990s.【重庆】Thebooksoilthedesk, coversareshiny,areprizesfor【四川】OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch, oilcanhearsomelovelymusic. 【廿匕京】Creatinganatmosphere_employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.【浙江】10.ltisatrulydelightfulplace, looksthesameasitmusthavedone10()yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.【湖南】Theexactyear AnglelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.borrowedthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek, myclassmatesrecommendedtome.3.Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities theycangainexperienceforgrowth・amlookingforwardtothe(lav mvdaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmvfeelingsforher.Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailyconununication,especiallyatwork agoodimpressionisamust.6.Amongthemanydangers sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.Acompany profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.Pleasesendusalltheinformation youhaveaboutthecandidatefortheposition・Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren, isquiteunexpected・Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures, usesitdifferently.单句改错ThebookthatIborroweditfromthelibraryiswellwritten.Thehousestoodattheplacewhichtheroadsmeet.MyauntleftforBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina・Weshallvisittheuniversitywheremyfatherteachesthere・Canyouthinkofanyonewhomhouseisonapileofrocks?ThedaythatIlookedforwardtoarrivingatlast.ThefishermanwhomIthinkispoorinfactisveryrich・Thisisthegirlwhopracticeplayingthepianoeveryday.Thepeople,mostofthemareexperts,willbeinvitedtotheparty・Tliisistheshopwhichkeepopentillelevenatnight.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?Anyonelikesitcanborrowitfromme.Youcanchooseanythingwhatyoulike・Thehousewhichweliveisverylarge・Doyoustillrememberthedayswhenwespenttogether?Tliisistheonehundredthletterwhichshehasreceivedfromthatboy.Tliisisthewomantowhomymothertalkedjustnow.Whoisthedriverwhocausedtheaccident?ThisisallwhatIcandoforyou.HeissuchacleverboythatIlike・Whichisknowntoall,theearthisround・Idon'tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriendItissuchahotdayasIwanttogoswimmingverymuch・Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoaregoodatdancing・Whichofyoucanthinkofasituationwhichthisidiomisoftenused?haveabook,whosethecoverisverybeautiful.Hebeatme,asIhaveneverexpected・Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy;Thereasonwhylieexplainedtomesoundsreasonable・Einsteinissuchagreatscientistthatwemustlearnfrom.名词性从句一、 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语.宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。二、 名词性从句的引导词1•连接词:that,if、whether2•连接代词:what,whatever;who,whoevei;whom,whomever;whose,which,whichever连接副词：when,where.whyshow 在名词性从句在从句中不充当任何成分也没有词义， 在从句中不充当任何成分有词义“是否”。连接代词在名词性从句中均有词义充当 、 . 、或 成分。连接副词在名词性从句中均有词义充当 。【主语从句】通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。句型是：l)It+be+adj.+that从句(如obvious,true,clear,important,certain,necessary...)It+be+n词组+that从句(如nowonder,anhonour,apity,afact...)It+be+过去分词+that从句(如said,reported,thought,believed,well-known,suggested...)It+不及物动词+that从句(如happen,matter,seem,appear)从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如：Whatliesaidisright.Thathishairwasturninggreyworriedhimabit.Itisapitythatwecan'tgoswimming・Itiscertainthathewilldowellinthisexam・IthappenedthatIwentoutyesterdaywhenyouvisitedme.ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolnextweek・【宾语从句】通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词或某些形容词之后。如：wonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.Nobodyissurewhathumanswilllooklikeinamillionyears.Thatwilldependonwhethertheycangetthechance.注意：在tliink/make/consider/find/feel/believe等可接复合宾语的动词之后，it可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾Hehasmadeitclearthatliewillnotgivein.【表语从句】表语从句放在系动词的后面。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。如：Theonlyquestionleftishowoftenthewo^keFSarepaid.Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.【同位语从句】同位语从句在句中作同位语，出现在一个名词的后面，起着解释说明的作用。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有:fact,news,promise,reason,idea,hope,word,belief等。Weheardthenewsthatoufteamhadwon.Wewerehappytohearthenewsthatwasannouncedbvourboss.注意的问题名词性从句要使用陈述句语序。在名词性从句中，主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，名词性从句均要使用陈述句语序。®Noonewillbesurewhatmanwilllooklikeinamillionyears・@Doyouknowhowmuchmoneyhespent?@Doyouknowwhathappened?•that及wliat：that引导名从时，无意义不当句子成分，只是引导词；而what引导名从时，在从句中要充当主宾表等句子成分，what表"…的…"二the+n.+thatAmodemcityhasbeensetupin wasawastelandtenyearsago. theearthgoesaroundthesuniswidelyaccepted・Chinaisnolonger itusedtobe.Atlastthesoldiersreached thelocalscalledtheThreeGorges.Thereismuchchance Billwillrecoverfromliisinjuryintimefortherace・if和whether在引导宾语从句时两者可以互换，但引导介词后边的宾语从句或从句后面紧跟ornot时只能用whether,而不能用if。在引导主语从句.表语从句和同位语从句时，只能用whether,而不能用if。Whether还可及不定式.ornotN介词连用Heaskedif(whether)youhavereceivedhisletter.Thisdependsoil heisinterested(ornot)・Haveyoudecided togotheretomorrow?Itdoesn'tmatter hewillcomeornot.that及if/whetherthat,whether,if都不作句子的任何成分。因此，它们所引导的句子结构必须完整。that一般用于确定的语气中，引导宾语从句时，口语中的that可省略，而其他情况中的that一般不可省；而whether,if一般用于不确定的语句中。如： lielearntEnglishbeforeiscertain.fmnotsure hecanovercomethedifficulties.that和why.that表示原因时，引导表语从句©而why引导的从句充当reason的定语。①Thereasonforhisabsenceis heisill.②Thereason lieleftschoolis liisfamilyispoor・注意:this/tliatisbecause引导表语从句指原因this/thatiswhy引导表语从句指结果Hewasill.Thatwas lieaskedthreedays*leave・nomatterwlio/wliat/whichever及whoever/whatever/whichevernomatter...只能引导状语从句，・・・ever既可引导状语从句又可以引导名词性从句. wassaidheremustbekeptsecret breaksthelawwillbepunished・ seasonitis,themanalwayswearshisfunny-lookinghat.Hewillgive needshelpawarmsupport・7•同位语从句及定语从句的区别。定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，有时可以及which互换。同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用whicho同位语从句一般放在表抽象意义的名词如：fact,suggestion、truth、possibility、idea等后面，解释名词的含义或内容，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。®ThenewsthatMr.BrownwillbeournewEnglishteacheristrue@Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdayistrue・8.宾语从句的时态(主句用一般现在时，从句可以用任何时态；主句如果用过去式，从句也必须用和过去有关的时态。除了宾语从句表的是自然规律用一般现在时。Theteachertoldusthatthemoontravelsaroundthemoon・月亮围绕地球貳電客观事实。Hemadeitclearthatliedidn'tlikethejob・9・名词性从句中的虚拟语气——“(should)+do”在主语从句中用来表示惊奇.不相信、惋惜.理应如此等，谓语动词用虚拟语气,常用句型有:Itisnecessary；(important,natural,strange,etc.)that...ItissuggestectCrequested,proposed,desired,etc.)that..・一坚持(insist).二命令(order,command三建议(suggest,advise,propose)^四要求(demand,desire,require>request)®主语是suggestion,proposalrequest,decision等表"建议.请求.要求.决定"等意思的词时，表语从句，同位语中谓语动词要用虚拟语气M(should)+do\Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent (master)atleastaforeignlanguage・Iadvisedthatlie (send)tothehospitalatonce・Mysuggestionisthathe (go)toseeadoctoratonce・Iamagainsthisadvicethatthebridge (pull)down.总结：名词性从句引导词的选择三步骤步骤一：如果从句中缺少主语，或者宾语，或者表语，或者定语，则考虑用连接代词(What,who.which,whose,whatever...)步骤二：如果从句中既不缺少主语，宾语，也不缺少表语，但是缺少一定意义的状语，则考虑用连接副词(where,when,why,how...)步骤三：如果既不缺少主语，宾语，表语，也不缺少状语，贝U考虎用连接词(that,whether,询名词性从句专练一、改错题：1・It'suncertainthattheexperimentisworthdoing.,Allwhatishardistodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.Theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.Youcan'timaginehowexcitedweretheywhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents・Thatwe*llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweatherWliathereallymeansiswhathedisagreeswithus.WlienwellHnislitranslatingthebookdependonthetime.Wlierewillthehousebebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting・Ifyoucomeornotisuptoyou.ThatisthatLuXunoncelived.WethoughtstrangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.Thefactwhichshehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.Wlioleavestheroomlastouglittoturnoffthelights・14・TheenergyisthatmakesthecelkabletodotlieirworicJackwassoontoldwhyhedidwasnotnecessary.Isthiswhatwemeteachothertwoyearsago?Idon'tcarewhethersheliasnomoney;Icareifsheishonestornot.Thechildisalwayslying,sononeofuswillbelievenomatterwhathesays・Sarahopestobecomeafriendofwhosharesherinterest・WeexpressthehopewhichtheBrownswouldcometoChinaagain.Thetownisquitedifferentfromthatitwas3yearsago.ThisisafactthatEnglishiswidelyusedasaninternationallanguage・Thereasonwhyliewaslateisbecausehegotuplate・Theywanttomakeitcleartothepublictheydoanimportantjob・AsisknowntoallisthatpaperwasfirstinventedinChina・Thisiswhatourproblemlies.YoumaydependonthatIshallalwayshelpyou.Itisunknownthatwherewewillhavethemeeting・rilmakeknowntoallthatyouwerenothonest.Whenandwhereweshallhavethelecturearenotdecided2014-2015年名词性从句高考题填空Ashipinharborissafe,butthat'snot shipsarebuiltfoT•（安徽卷）trulybelieve beautycomesfromwithin.（北京卷） weunderstandthingshasalottodowithwliatwefeeL（北京卷）—Iwonder Maryhaskeptherfigureafteralltheseyears・—Byworkingouteveryday•（福建卷）Youhavetoknow you'regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.（湖南卷） LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon'tacceptit.（江苏卷）Readingherbiography;Iwaslostinadmirationfor DorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.（陕西卷）Theexhibitiontelkus weshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution・（四丿I〕卷）Ifyouswiminariverorlake,besuretoinvestigate isbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbranchedhiddeninthewater.（浙江卷）Wemustfindout Karliscoming,sowecanbookaroomforhim・（重庆卷）（2014山东卷）7・Itisdifficultforustoimagine lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworkL（2014北京卷）30・Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas hescoredthewinninggoaL（2014匕京卷）33・Somepeoplebelieve hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture・（2014福建卷）34.Pickyourselfup.Courageisdoing you'reafraidtodo.（2014湖南卷）24.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeis happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.（2014江苏卷）2&—Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy!—I'mnottoblame,mum.Iam youhavemademe.（2014全国大纲卷）24.Exactly thepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565・（2014陕西卷）15. thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.（2014四川卷）2・Grandpapointedtothehospitalandsaid,"That's Iwasborn.w（2014天津卷）14・Ithink impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.（2014浙江卷）8・"Eveiytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea."Thisis mymotherusedtotellme.（2014重庆卷）12.—IsittruethatMikerefiisedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?—Yeah,butIhavenoidea hedidit;that'soneofhisfavoriteuniversity;并列连词和状语从句一、状语从句的定义.功能.分类定义：在复合句中作状语的从句功能：状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词，或整个主句分类：按意义可分为时间.地点.原因、目的、结果.条件.方式.比较.让步等状语从句。从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号，放在句末时,从句前一般不用逗号。状语从句的考点主要是：主从句时态一致，从属连词不能及并列连词连用，根据主从句之间的逻辑关系选择正确的连词，某些连词的固定句型以及状语从句的省略问题。二用法1、 时间状语从句常用引导词:when,as,while,assoonas,while,before,after,since,till,until特殊引导词:theminute,themoment,thesecond,eveiytime,theday,theinstant,immediately、directly,nosooner..・than,hardly...when,scarcely…whendidn'trealizeliowspecialmymotherwasuntilIbecameanadult.WhileJohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking・Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard（果园）themomenttheysawtheguard・NosoonerhadIarrivedhomethanitbeganto“in.EverytimeIlistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble・2、 地点状语从句常用引导词:where,wherever,Generally,airwillbeheavilypollutedwheretherearefactories・Whereveryougo,youshouldworkhard・Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveanyquestion.3、 原因状语从句常用引导词:because,since,as,nowthatMyfriendsdislikemebecauseI'mhandsomeandsuccessful.NowthateverybodyhascomeJet'sbeginourconference・目的飞语从句常用引导词:sothat,inorderthat,incase,forfearthatThebossaskedthesecretarytohurryupwiththeletterssothathecouldsignthem・Theteacherraisedhisvoiceonpurposethatthestudentsinthebackcouldhearmoreclearly・结果状语从句常用引导词:sothat,so...that,such...that,Hegotupearlysothathecaughtthefirstbus.It'ssuchagoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.条件状语从句常用引导词：i€unless,as/solongas,providing/providedthat,suppose/supposingthat,onconditionthatYouwillcertainlysucceedsolongasyoukeepontrying・Providedthatthereisnoopposition,weshallholdthemeetinghere・让步状语从句常用引导词:though,although,evenif,eventhough,as（用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装while（—般用在句首）,nomatter+疑问词.疑问词-everMuchasIrespecthim,Ican'tagreetohisproposal.Nomatterhowhardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind・比较状语从句常用引导词:as（同级比较）,than（不同程度的比较），Sheisasbad-temperedashermother・Thehouseisthreetimesasbigasours.方式状语从句常用引导词:as,asif,WheninRome,doastheRomando.Shebehavedasifsheweretheboss.三.用法灵活的as,while引导的状语从句1・as可以引导时间、原因.让步、比较和方式5种状语从句。2.while可以引导时间.让步、条件3种状语从句。While（二Though）Ilikethecolorofthehat,Idontlikeitsshape・四nItbe+时间+wlien/that/since/before用法辨析itwas+（时刻，或时间点）+when从句Itwas1997whenHongkongreturnedtoChina・Itwasfiveo'clockwhenwearrivedatthesmallmountainvillage・对比强调句型：Itwasatfiveo'clockthatwearrivedatthesmallmountainvillage.It+willbe+时间段+before..."句型中.表示“要过多久才••二“Itwillnotbe+时间段+before../表示“不久就•…,过不了多久就・・・•・・\“itwas+时间段+before」表示“过了（多长时间）才••…・”ItwastwoyearsbeforeMacaoreturnedtoChina.Itwon'tbelongbeforeyouseehimagain.Itwaslongbeforetheyescapedfromtheprison・itis（hasbeen）+一段时间+since从句Itis/hasbeentwodayssinceshefellill.强化习题：l.ItwaslastSunday IcameacrossMrBrown・2.1twasmidnight theyoungcouplecamebackfromthebalL3.1twon'tbeaminute thelunchisready;4.1tistwoweeks theSmithslivedinourvillage・5.1twasnotuntil1920 regularradiobroadcastsbegan.6.WasitduringtheSecondWorldWar hedied?7.1thasbeenoneyear Igotthejob・8.1twasn'tlong theydrovetheenemyofftlieircountry.9・Itwillbetwoyears wemeetagain.10.Itisyears Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch..Itwastwoyears herealizedthetruth・Itwillbetwoyears theeconomicsituationimproves.Itwastwoyearslater herealizedthetruth・Itis/hasbeentwoyears helivedhere・Itwasmidnight hearrivedhome・Itwasatmidnight liearrivedhome・Itwasnotuntilmidnight hearrivedhome・A.beforeB.whenC.sinceD.that填空1・ scientistshavelearnedalotabouttheuniverse,thereismuchwestilldon'tknow.Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyears yougetanotherone・HardlyhadIenteredtheroom thephonerang・waslisteningtothemusic therewasaknockatthedoor thedamageisdone,itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.Goandgetyourcoat.It's youleftit. thedaywenton,theweathergotworse・Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,left Icouldaskfortheirnames・believeyouwillhaveawonderfultimehere yougettoknoweveiyoneeke.Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblem wecansolveit.Themeaningofthewordnnice'changedafewtimes itfinallycametoincludethesense"pleasant."12•Idon'treallyliketheauthoi; Ihavetoadmitliisbooksareveryexciting・Wefoundthebookstwodays liehadgoneaway.・Halfanhourlater;Lucystillcouldn'tgetataxi thebushaddroppedhenYouwillnevergainsuccess youarefullydevotedtoyourwork・・Donotleavetheroom youhavefinishedthetest.17. hardItried,Istillcouldn'tmanageit.18.ltwasnot hetookoffhisdarkglass Irealizedwhohewas.Much IadmireDavidasapoet,Idon'tlikehimasaman.Quitestudent_hemaybe,lietalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass・改错1・I'llletyouknowassoonastheywillarrive・HeaskedmetostaywhichIwas・Theyhadwrittenthreeletterssincetheycameback・Bythetimewegothome,Ihaveforgottenallaboutit.Thelightwentoutwhilewearehavingsupper.Myfatherhastwobrothers,bothofthemareallPartymembers.Sincethateverybodyishere,let'sstartourclass・don'tknowwhetheritwillrainornot,butifitwill,Ishallstayhome.wasshoppingatFolry'swhileImetanoldfriend10.Unlessheworksmorehardei;hewillcertainlyfaiLneverbuyanythingunlessitisnotreallyneeded.Shecomestotalktomewhenevershefeltlonely.・・・・Wliatwasthepartylike?—-WonderfuLIt'syearswhenIenjoyedmyselfsomuch・Whateveryoudo,andFllberightherewaitingforyou.Jimimaginedthatthewholeworldknewofliisachievements,wheninfactonlyafewpeoplehadheardofit・Howevei;therearestillsomecountriestherepeoplehaveshorterlives・Whenbeingcompleted,theparkwillbeopentothepublic・NexttimethatIplantotravelinLondon,Tmgoingtotakeaplane・MuchalthoughI