船舶专业英语第七组第一次作业课件

MerchantShipConstruction1142813107包均船舶类型知识1.按照航区进行分类远洋oceangoing近海coastingservice受限制的近海restrictedcoastingservice沿海非国际coastingserviceandhometradelimit内河riverservice静水smoothwaterservice受限制的静水limitedsmoothwaterservice港内使用portuse1142813107包均2.按照船体所使用材料钢船steelship木船woodenship水泥船cement

ship玻璃钢船F.R.Pfiberglassreinforcedplastics铝合金船aluminumalloyship3.按主机所在位置分类尾机型aftenginevessel中机型middleenginevessel中后尾机型middle-aftenginevessel1142813107包均4.按照用途分类杂货船generalcargocarrier散货船bulkcarrier油船oiltanker化学品船chemicaltanker液化气船liquefiedgascarrier（LNGandLPGandLEG）liquefiednaturalgascarrier(LNGcarrier)液化天然气船liquefiedpetroleumgascarrier(LPGcarrier)液化石油气船liquefiedethylenecarrier(LEGcarrier)液化乙炔气船1142813107包均TheShip-itsFunctions,FeaturesandTypes1142813219华盛勇商业的 merchant货物 cargoes快速的 speedily经济的 economically表面 surface近乎 approximately工作人员 crew方面 aspects航行 transportation气候变化 weatherandclimaticchanges结构形式 thetypeofconstruction材料 material营运范围 theareaofoperation杂货船 thegeneralcargovessel液装船 thetanker客轮 thepassengervessel作为运输 asageneralcarrier单元为基础 unit-based集装箱船 containership托盘货船 palletship滚装船 “roll-on,roll-off”ship1142813219华盛勇特殊结构 specialisedforms进化过的 refined液化气 liquefiedgases固定航线客船 cruiseliner渡轮 ferries骨架 framing纵骨架式 longitudinalframing横骨架式 transverseframing复合骨架式 combinedframing加强材（肋骨） stiffening外板 theoutershellpalting低碳钢 mildsteel特种钢 specialsteel铝 aluminium型材 section板材 plating高强度钢 hightensilesteel上层建筑 superstructure合金 alloys上面区域 upperregions海船 ocean-goingvessels液箱 tanks1142813219华盛勇燃油 oilfuelstorage稳性 stability纵倾 trimarrangement抵抗 resist波 wave深海 heavysea内河船 inlandwaterwayvessel最高的 paramount适航性 seaworthy漂浮 remainingafloat各种海况下 inthevariousseastatesencountered巨型油轮 verylargecrudecarriers运输 transport散货船 bulkcarriage驳船 bargecarriers混装货船 combinationbulkcarriers外形特征 appearance布局 layout小变化的 minorvariationsexist1142813219华盛勇RefrigeratedgeneralcargoshipThefittingofrefrigerationplantsforthecoolingofcargoholdsenablesthecarriageofperishablefoodstuffsbysea.Refrigeratedshipsvarylittlefromgeneralcargoships.Theymayhavemorethanonetweendeck,andallholdspaceswillbeinsulatedtoreduceheattransfer.Cargomaybecarriedfrozenorchilleddependinguponitsnature.Refrigeratedshipsareusuallyfasterthangeneralcargoships,oftenhavingspeedsupto22knots,andtheymayalsocaterforupto12passengers.冷冻装置安装在货船上能够用于海上运输易腐败的食品，冷冻船由一般的货船稍加改造而来。他们可能有一个以上的甲板，所有空间都将是绝缘的以降低导热。货船用于运输冷藏或冷冻的货物取决于它的性质。冷藏船通常比一般杂货船快，往往具有速度高达22节，他们也可以容纳多达12名乘客。refrigerate:冷藏、冷冻enable:使...能够insulated：绝缘的，隔热的1142813117季杰(a)Forecastledeckplatingbreak(b)PoopdeckplatingbreakUpperdeck上甲板Shellplating外板Offsetbulbplate偏置球板Forecastledeck艏楼甲板Flangedbracket折边肘板Poopdeck尾楼甲板1142813117季杰Bulkcarriers散货船分类1.灵便型（handysize），指载重2～4万吨的干散货船。2.超灵便型（supersize或handymax），指载重4～5万吨的干散货船。3.巴拿马型（panamax）,指载重7～9万吨的干散货船。

4.好望角型（也叫海岬型）（capesize）,10万载重吨以上的可以统称为好望角性干散货船。1142813207安楠更细的分类灵便型散货船大湖型散货船巴拿马型散货船Kamsarmax型超巴拿马型散货船好望角型散货船20万吨以上超大型散货船VLOC1142813207安楠single-deck单层甲板transportsingle-commoditycargoes运输散装货cargo-carrying货舱区，ore矿砂Combinationcarriers混合用途/多用途散货船lowdensitycargo低密度货物ship'scentreofgravity船的重心wingtank舷侧舱，centretank中间舱oiltight油密，particularequipment特定装备handoil卸油1142813207安楠passengershipsAftpeaktank艉尖舱Machineryspaece机械区域Boilerroom锅炉房Doublebottom双底Stabilisres稳定器Watertank水箱Forepeaktank前尖舱Accommodationandrecreationareas住宿娱乐区1142813409陈天宇Wordsandphrasespassengerliner客船modernequivalent等效cruiseliner游轮cargo货物promenadeareas散步区Aesthetically美学well-raked好用的arefittedto安装maneuverability可操作性，机动性;可控性knots节时1142813409陈天宇Thetext

Thepassengerliner,oritsmodernequivalentthecruiseliner,existstoprovidemeansofluxurioustransportbetweeninterestingdestinations,inpleasantclimates,foritshumancargo.Thepassengertravelinginsuchshippaysfor,andexpects,superiorstandardofaccommodationandleisurefacilities.Largeamountsofsuperstructurearethereforeanessentialfeatureofpassengersbips.Severaltiersofdecksarefittedwithlargeopenlounges,ballrooms,swimmingpoolsandpromenadeareas.Aestheticallypleasinglinesareevidentwithusuallywell-rakedclipper-typebowsandunusualfunnelshapes.Stabilizersarefittedtoreducerollingandbowthrustdevicesareemployedforimprovedmaneuverability.Largepassengerlinersarerare,themoderate-sizedcruiselinerof12,000tonsdisplacementnowbeingthemoreprevalent.Passenger-carryingcapacityisaround600,withspeedsintheregionof22knots.

客船，或者与现代的巡航游轮相当，存在的意义就是为旅客在到达目的地之前提供奢华的运输，有趣欢乐的旅行。旅客付费登上游轮之后，可享受到游轮提供的，期待中高水准的服务以及休闲放松的设施。数不胜数的顶级奢华成为游轮最显著的特征。在一些甲板层中，有大量的娱乐室，舞厅，游泳池和散步区。带有帆船风格和用恰好处的明显线条装饰的船首，不同寻常的烟囱，都给您带来美学上的愉悦。良好的稳定设备可大大减小船体摇摆，船首破浪装置增加了良好的操控性。巡航游轮非寻常之物，其中等巡航排水量为12000吨，是现在最流行的。最大载客人数大约为600人，区域航速22节时。1142813409陈天宇LiquefiedgastankersLiquefiedgastankers液化天然气船separate分开methane甲烷paraffin石蜡cylindrical圆柱形spherical球形membrane膜leakage泄漏refrigerated冷藏displacement移位1142801232周褀KeywordsPhrasesatlowtemperature在低温条件下besupportedby受支持aslowas低至beseparatedfrom从...分离beextractedfrom从...提取besurroundedby被包围1142801232周褀Mainpoint

Aseparateinnertankisusuallyemployedtocontaintheliquidandthistankissupportedbytheouterhullwhichhasadoublebottom.一个单独的内槽，通常采用向含有液体和该罐支承在外侧船体具有双层底。Thetanksusedmaybeprismatic,cylindricalorsphericalinshapeandself-supportingorofmembraneconstruction.所使用的可能是棱柱形，圆柱形或球形膜结构的形状和自我支持。1142801232周褀Mainpoint

Separatecontainmenttankswithinthehullareusedandaresurroundedbyinsulationwherelowtemperatureareemployed.船体内分开容罐的使用和由绝缘其中低温受雇于包围.Displacementsizesforgascarriersrangeupyo60000tonnes,withspeedsof12-16knots.LiquefiedgascarriersaredealtwithinmoredetailinChapter8位移的大小为气体运输范围可达哟60000吨，与12-16knots.液化气体运输船在第8章中处理更详细地速度1142801232周褀TankersThekeywordsSpecially专门的Split分割分开Bulkheads舱壁Discharge卸船pump泵pumpproom泵舱contaminated被污染的ashore上岸accommodation居住舱enormous巨大的1142813237杨文迪Thephrasetranslationbulkliquidcargoes散装液体货物liquefiedpetroleumgas液化石油气liquefiednaturalgas液化天然气suctionarrangement抽吸装置sloptank污水箱machineryspace机舱1142813237杨文迪ThesentencetranslationTheoiltankerhasthecargo-carryingsectionofthevesselsplitupintoindividualtanksbylonggitudinalandtransversebulkheads.翻译：油轮已经有的船舶的载货区分成单独的纵、横舱壁。Theaccommodationandmachineryspacesarelocatedaftinmoderntankers.翻译：住宿和机械空间位于后现代的油轮。1142813237杨文迪Containerships历史：ThefirstcontainershipwasUSAin1957withacargoshipconverted.Itsefficiencyis10timesbiggerthantheconventionalgeneralcargoship,porttimeisshortenedgreatly,andreducetheamountofcargoloadingandunloadingofcargo.Sincethen,thecontainershiphasobtainedtherapiddevelopment,tothe70'smatureThecontainervesselisacompletelynewship.Ithasnointernaldeck,cabininthestern,theshipisactuallyahugewarehouse,upto300meterslong,withaverticalslidewayisdividedintosmallcabinwhenthecontainership,thecontainerdeviceplaysarole,theshipencounteredbadweatheronthesea,theycanbefirmlyfixedcontainer.Becausethecontainersaremadeofmetal,andissealed,thegoodsinsidewillnotbeaffectedbyerosionofrainwateror.Containershipsdockedforgeneralcargoterminal,largecranehandlingspecializedterminals,itsefficiencycanreach1000perhour--2400tons,thanthegeneralcargoship--high30to79times.Therefore,forthemodernshippingindustrywidelyadoptedby.来点我啊1142813228浦晓东发展：Moderncontainershipistowardlarge-scale,high-speed,multidirection.China'scontainershipdevelopmentdespitealatestart,thedevelopmentspeedisveryfast.Ourcountryhasbuiltalotofcontainership,vigorousdevelopmentofcontainertransport,lightistheportofShanghaihasopened29internationalcontainerlinerroutes,Shanghaiportcontainerthroughputofmorethanonemillionmonthstandardbox.Shanghaiportisoneoftheworld'slargestportcontainerthroughput.ContainerhandlingmachineryChinaproductioninShanghaihasreachedtheinternationaladvancedlevel,arewidelyusedinmajorportsintheworld.Inrecentyears,Chinahasexportedcontainership,theoceanaroundtheworldcanseeChina'sconstructionofcontainershipfigure.Inshort,Chinainthemanufacturingandexportcontainer,containerhandlingmachinery,containerships,builttolargetonnagecontainerdockofcontainershipping,constructionandtheestablishmentofinternationalcontainerhubport,markingthecontainertransportsysteminourcountryhasenteredadvancedranksintheworld.点点我1142813228浦晓东关键词：Nameimplies顾名思义containers集装箱re-useble重复利用section截面liquid-carrying液体物货cargo-carrying装货部分hatchopenings大开口fullwidth全长stack堆放cargohandling货物装卸consistsof由……组成vertical垂直movement移动lowdensity低密度compensates补偿thelossofunderdeckcapacity下层甲板的仓容损失transversestrength横向强度outboard外侧arrangement装置wingtanks舷侧船arranged……to设置成heelingof横倾att尾部maximumlength最大的船长size尺寸varyconsiderably变化大的powered经济triple-screwpropulsionarrangement三个推进装置1142813228浦晓东第一艘集装箱船是美国于1957年用一艘货船改装而成的。它的装卸效率比常规杂货船大10倍，停港时间大为缩短，并减少了运货装卸中的货损量。从此，集装箱船得到迅速发展，到70年代已成熟定型集装箱轮完全是一种新型的船。它没有内部甲板，机舱设在船尾，船体其实就是一座庞大的仓库，可达300米长，再用垂直导轨分为小舱当集装箱下舱时，这些集装箱装置起着定位作用，船在海上遇到恶劣天气时，它们又可以牢牢地固定住集装箱。因为集装箱都是金属制成，而且是密封的，里面的货物不会受雨水或的侵蚀。集装箱船一般停靠专用的货运码头，用码头上专门的大型吊车装卸，其效率可达每小时1000——2400吨，比普通杂货船高30——到79倍。因此为现代船运业所普遍采用。1142813228浦晓东发展：现代集装箱船正向着大型化、高速化，多用途方向发展。我国集装箱船研制虽然起步较晚，发展速度却很快。我国建造了许多集装箱船，大力发展集装箱运输，光是上海港就开辟了29条国际集装箱班轮航线，上海港集装箱月吞吐量超过一百万标准箱。上海港已经是世界上集装箱吞吐量最大的港口之一。中国上海生产的集装箱装卸机械也已经达到国际先进水平，在世界各大港口被广泛采用。近几年来，我国还出口集装箱船，在世界各地海洋上可以见到我国建造集装箱船的身影。总之，我国在包括集装箱、集装箱装卸机械、集装箱船舶的制造和出口，到大吨位集装箱码头的建造，集装箱远洋船队的建立以及国际集装箱枢纽港的建设，标志着我国的集装箱运输系统已经进入世界先进行列。1142813228浦晓东ShipStressesandShipbuildingMaterials1142813107包均

ShipMovement1142813107包均1142813107包均拍击局部载荷上层建筑和不连续性震动1142813107包均局部应力1142813107包均后处理拉伸强度延展性硬度韧性正火退火淬火回火Basicshipbuildingmaterial---Steel1142813107包均LongitudinalstressesStaticloadingforce力buoyancy浮力vertical垂向的hydrostaticpressure静水压力float浮动content内容，满足，容量draught通风;气流;（船的）吃水深度;一饮exceedvt. 超过;超越;（在数量和质量等方面）胜过;越过…的界限vi.突出，领先inline成一直线1142813127王鸿杰LongitudinalStresses

Buoyancy浮力Weight重量Load载荷Shearforce剪力Bendingmoment

弯矩1142813127王鸿杰wherethebuoyancyamidshipsexceedstheweight,theshipissaidto“hog”

Hoggingcondition

中拱

wheretheweightamidshipsexceedsthebuoyancy,theshipissaidto“sag”Saggingcondition中垂1142813127王鸿杰Dynamicloadingwaven. 波浪，波动;挥手;涌现的人（或事物）;汹涌的行动（或思想）态势vi. 摇摆，起伏convert转度troughs波谷trochiod摆线dynamic动态的;动力的，动力学的;充满活力的，精力充沛的;crest波峰protile外形amidships在船中部1142813127王鸿杰LongitudinalStresses

StaticLoadingCrest波峰Trough波谷1142813127王鸿杰Stressingofthestructurestressingofthestructure结构压力stressing压力structure结构tensilestress拉应力neutralaxis中心轴section剖面sideframe舷侧肋骨bracket肘板adjacent相邻的tanktopflooring内底板marginplants內底边板static静态的deflection挠度accelerate