专题 17 主旨大意题

专题17主旨大意题之写作意图技法指导写作意图题要求考生在理解文章主旨的基础上明白作者的言外之意，找到作者的写作意图。题干中常有purpose,inorderto等词。不同体裁文章的写作意图不同。故事类记叙文的目的通常是娱乐读者(toentertain)；广告类应用文的目的一般是推销产品或服务(toadvertise)；议论文的目的是要阐述论点(toargue/persuade)；科普、文化类说明文的目的大多是介绍知识(toinform)。推断写作意图的两种方法：一是主旨推断法：根据文章或段落的主旨推断作者的写作意图。二是文体推断法：根据文体的特点来推断。精练必刷题AChildrenreallyneedtoknowsomebasicfirstaidskills.Thisistruewhetheryourchildisfourorfourteen.Sowhatshouldyouteachyourchildren?CallingforhelpOnceyourchildreachestheageoffour,heshouldknowallaboutcalling911intheeventofanemergenc.Explainallaboutwhatarealemergencyis.Forexample,heshouldcall911ifanadultaskshimto,ifanadultpassesoutandcannotbewoken,ifthereisafireandhecan'tfindanadult,orifpeoplearehurt.AsIamtypingthis,Ijustrealizedthatalthoughmykidsaretaughtabout911,thetelephonesinthehouseareoutofreachforallbutmyoldestchild(topreventtheothertwofromplayingwiththephone).Don'tmakethismistakeyourself,oryourchildrenwouldn'tgetintouchwiththepoliceintime.Cutsandscrapes(擦伤)Teachchildrenaboutbasiccareforcutsandscrapes.Inmyhouse,thekidsallknowthatcutsmustbecleanedandknowwherethebandagesare.Theyalsoknowhowtoputpressureonacuttomakeitstopbleeding.Ofcoursetheyshouldaskanadultforhelp,buttheyshouldalsoknowabitaboutselfcare.Believeitornot,Ihadtohelpateenageneighboroncewhohadnoideawhattodowhenhecuthishandonbrokenglass.Hejustranaroundinacircle.BurnsTellyourchildthatifheevergetsaburn,heshouldimmediatelycallforhelpandthenrunthecoolbutnotcoldwaterfortheburn.Gettingaburncooleddownquicklycanreducethedamagetotheskin.Thisisimportantifnoadultiswithyourchildwhenaburnoccurs.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thismistake”referto?A．Lettingkidsplaywiththephone.B．Stoppingkidsfromusingthephone.C．Nottellingkidstocall911.

D．Keepingthephoneoutofkids'reach.2．Whatdoestheexampleoftheauthor'steenageneighbormainlytellus?A．Gettinghelpisveryimportant.B．Eventeenagerscancuttheirhands.C．Notallteenagersaregoodatselfcare.D．Weshouldbepreparedtohelpothers.3．Whatshouldwedoifwegetaburn?A．Lookforthebandages.B．Putsomeiceontheburn.C．Cooltheburnunderwater.D．Waitforrescuerspatiently.4．What'sthetextmainlyfor?B．Parents.DB．Parents.D．Students.C．Teachers.BIgrewupinBensonhurst,Brooklyn.Whentheholidaydecorationswentup,therewerehousesonmyblockwithtreeslitupforChristmasinfrontyardsandbehindlivingroomwindows.IwasborninaJewishfamily.EventhoughIreceivedeightpresentsforHanukkah（aneight-dayJewishholidayinNovemberorDecember）,itjustwasn'tfair.Myfriendshadbeautifultreeswithlightsandpresentsbroughtbyamaninaredsuit.Ididn'thaveatree,andIlivedinanapartmentbuilding,soIhadnochimney（烟囱）．Thatyear,someneighborsboughtaChristmastree,butitwastootallfortheirlivingroom.Theycutoffthetopand,knowingIwantedtocelebrateChristmas,gavethetoptomyfamily.Aftermyparentsfellasleep,Iopenedawindowinourapartment.IimaginedSantacouldparkhissleigh（雪橇）onourfireescape.WhenIwokeupthenextmorning,thewindowwasclosedandSantahaddeliveredapresent.Ican'tevenrememberwhatitwas,butmymemoryofthemorninglasts.MyrelationshipwithSantatookabreakuntilmydaughter,Amanda,wasbornin1992.MywifeandIsawnoreasontodeprive（剥夺）herofmeetingSanta.In1998,afriendofmineportrayed（扮演）SantaattheSouthStreetSeaportinManhattan.Hetoldmetostopbywithmywifeanddaughter,andaskedfortheirnamesinadvancesohecouldgreetthem.Whenhesawusattheseaport,hegreetedusbyournames.Mydaughter'smouthopenedwideandshepulledback.Maybeshewastooyoungtoappreciatethis.Butotherfamilieswaitingtoseehimseemeddelightedbyhisappearanceandthegiftshebrought.MytwochildrenarenowgrownupanddonotvisitSanta,andwedonothaveaChristmastree,yetourfamilystillenjoystheholiday.OnChristmasEve,inthespiritofthenight,weleaveaplateofmyfavoritecookiesonthekitchentableinhopesSantawillleaveapresent.5．Whatwastheyoungauthor'swish?A．ReceivingmanypresentsatHanukkah.B．VisitinghisfriendsatChristmas.C．CelebratingChristmasathome.D．Livinginahousewithatree.6．Whydidtheauthoropenawindowthatnight?A．ToletSantadeliveragift.B．Hisparentsaskedhimtodoso.C．HisChristmastreewastootall.D．ToenjoyaChristmasnightscene.7．WhatmadeAmandapullback?A．MeetingmanypeopleinSanta'sclothes.B．BeinggreetedbySantabyname.C．Recognizingherfather'sfriend.D．ReceivinggiftsfromSanta.8．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A．TobringbackhisChristmasmemories.B．Toshowhisgreatloveofholidays.C．Tosharehisfamilytraditions.D．TointroduceJewishcustoms.CParisisthecityofdreams,thecityoflove.IfyouarethinkingofheadingtoParisforastudyperiod,thenperhapsalittlerealitycheckisinorder.Butmyexperiencewasaromanticone.IpavedmypathtoParisthroughanexchangeprogram.OnarrivalinParis,IwasconstantlyremindedoftheofficialprocessesIwasrequiredtocomplete—formstobefilledin,meetingstoattend,thelistseemedendless.Perhapsitwasduetomywellorganizationalhabit,butsomehowthisendlesslistofto-do'swascompletedinlittlemorethanaweek.Thentherealworkbegan.Onceclasseswereunderwa,Ifoundmyselfvolunteeringtodooralpresentationsandassignmentsfirst,ratherthanlast.Thismethodprovedtobeveryhelpful.OnceIhadfinishedclassfortheweek,Ihadanever-increasinglistofmuseumstovisit,neighborhoodstoexplore,andcafestositinandparkstorunaround.ReadasmanybooksaboutParisasyoucan.Talktoasmanylocalsandotherforeignerslivingthereasyoucan.ButtheonethingthatreadingabookortalkingtosomeonecannotdoistoprovideyouwiththeexperienceofwanderingParisonfoot.IdiscoveredsomeofmyfavoriteplacesinParisbywandering.Thepeoplewatching,thesoundsofthecity,thecolorsastheseasonschange,theyalladdtotheecstasythatIexperiencedinParisasanexchangestudent.Afterspendingfivemonthswanderingthroughthecharmingneighborhoods,Ifellinlovewiththeatmospherethatcameoutfromeveryopendoor,andwitheveryspokenword.ThereissomethingcomfortingaboutwalkingtothemarketeachSundaytobefacedwiththebeautifuldisplayoffruits,vegetablesanddairyproducts.Thereiswarmthinsayingbonjourtothepassers-by.OnmylastdayinParis,Iconfidentlysaid,“BonjourMonsieur,”asIpassedthelittlestoredownthestreet.IguessnomatterhowhardItriedIwasalwaysgoingtobeanoutsider,atourist.ThebestpartaboutgoingonexchangeinParisisfallinginlovewiththecityinyourownway.Everyone'sexperienceofParisisdifferent.Iknowmineisuniqueandspecialtome,myownlittlepiecesofParis.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ecstasy”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Courage. B．Imagination.C．Happiness. D．Reputation.．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A．Anexchangestudent'slife.B．Charmingneighborhoods.C．Anexchangeprogram.D．Atravelingexperience.．Beyondreadingbooks,whichexperiencewouldtheauthortreasuremost?A．Enjoyingcoffeeinhissparetime.B．GreetingpeopleinFrenchinthestreet.C．Buyingvegetablesinthemarket.D．HangingaroundinParis.．Accordingtothepassage,whatlefttheauthorthedeepestimpression?A．ThefriendlypeoplehemetinParis.B．Thespecialcultureheexperiencedinthecity.C．Theacademicachievementhemadeinhisstudy.D．Thepresentationsandassignmentshedidinclass.答案：A语篇解读： 本文为说明文。文章主要讲述父母该如何教孩子们一些急救措施。解析：选D词义猜测题。根据第三段的“...areoutofreachforallbutmyoldestchild”可知，画线部分是指不让小孩接触电话这一错误。解析：选C推理判断题。根据第四段的“Believeitornot...justranaroundinacircle.”可知，这个例子表明有些青少年还不知道怎么采取急救措施来照顾好自己。解析：选C细节理解题。根据末段的"...runthecoolbutnotcoldwaterfortheburn"可知应选C项。解析：选B推理判断题。根据文章中出现的“Onceyourchild,Teachchildren"以及“Tellyourchild”可知本文是针对父母写的。词汇积累：somebasicfirstaidskills一些基本的急救技能callfor为…叫喊;要求；需要；提倡；邀请emergencyn.紧急情况；突发事件；非常时刻passesout昏倒typevt.打字outofreach够不着getintouchwith与…联系；和…接触intime及时；适时bandagen.绷带putpressureon施加压力于makeit（病痛等）好转；达到预定目标；及时抵达；走完路程bleedvi.流血；abit一点儿；有一点儿believeitornot信不信由你havenoidea不知道runaround到处跑burnn.灼伤，烧伤cooldown冷却occurvi.发生；referto指的是keep…outof阻止reachn.范围notall并非所有的bepreparedto准备好burnn.灼伤，烧伤B语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中记述了自己对圣诞节的回忆。解析：选C细节理解题。根据第一段中的“EventhoughIreceived...itjustwasn'tfair"及第二段中的“knowingIwantedtocelebrateChristmas"可知，少时的作者期待自己在家庆祝圣诞节。解析：选A推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Ilivedinanapartmentbuilding,soIhadnochimney（烟囱）"及第二段中的“Iopenedawindow...andSantahaddeliveredapresent"可知，作者小时候住在公寓楼里，没有烟囱，打开窗户是为了解决没有烟囱的问题，以方便圣诞老人送礼物。解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Whenhesawusattheseaport,hegreetedusbyournames...Maybeshewastooyoungtoappreciatethis”可知，作者的女儿当时年龄尚小，听到圣诞老人竟能叫出自己的名字，非常吃惊。解析：选A写作意图题。作者在文中回忆了自己少年时代对圣诞节的憧憬、为人父之后和孩子一起庆祝圣诞节的情形以及现在孩子长大成人后，一家人虽然不庆祝圣诞节，但仍享受节日的快乐，作者写作此文是为了唤起对圣诞节的回忆。词汇积累：growup成长decorationn.装饰，装潢；装饰品；奖章onmyblock在我的街区lightup点火,点灯light过去式:lighted或lit;过去分词:1ighted或lit;fairadj.公平的fallasleep睡着了；入睡Santan.圣诞老人parkvt.停放fireescape太平梯，太平门；安全出口inadvanceadv.预先，提前seaportn.海港；港口都市appreciatevt.欣赏；感激；领会；鉴别appearancen.出现，露面onChristmasEve在平安夜inthespiritof 本着……的精神delivervt.递送bringback使…回忆起来C［分析］本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为一名交换生在巴黎的所见所闻，内心感受等。C［词义猜测题。根据作者对在巴黎街上漫步的喜爱及第四段中的“Thepeoplewatching,thesoundsofthecity,thecolorsastheseasonschange,theyalladdtotheecstasythatIexperiencedinParisasanexchangestudent”可知，人们的注视，城市的声音，季节变化时的色彩，都增加了作者作为交换生体验巴黎的喜悦。由此推知，划线词的意思是“快乐，幸福”。］［错项分析］其他选项和本文描述的作者情绪状态没有关联。A.Courage.勇气；B.Imagination.想象力；D．Reputation.声誉。A［主旨大意题。首段点题类文章。根据第一段中的“Butmyexperiencewasaromanticone.IpavedmypathtoParisthroughanexchangeprogram"可知，作者作为一名交换生来到巴黎，他认为自己的巴黎之行非常浪漫。从第二段到最后，文章详细叙述了作者在巴黎的所见所闻，内心感受等。故整篇文章讲述的是一个交换生在巴黎的经历。］［错项分析］易错选C或者D。D项表示“一个交换生项目”，但本文并不是介绍交换生项目内容的。D项表示“一次旅行经历”，本文后面内容虽然也与此相关，但前面内容是关于我作为交流生做的一些其他事情以及在课堂的学习情况，因此D项不够全面。D［推理判断题。根据题干信息beyondreadingbooks,定位到第四段中的“TheonethingthatreadingabookortalkingtosomeonecannotdoistoprovideyouwiththeexperienceofwanderingParisonfoot.IdiscoveredsomeofmyfavoriteplacesinParisbywandering”可知，读书以及和人交谈无法提供步行在巴黎闲逛带给你的体验。通过