2012年上外杯初赛精彩试题

wordword13/13word2012年“上外杯〞某某市高三英语竞赛初赛试卷考生注意：一、本卷共13页，64小题，总分为100分。答卷时间90分钟。二、本卷所有题目为选择题，请将所选答案用2B铅笔点涂在答题卡上。I.GrammarandVocabularyDirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheanswerthatbestpletesthesentence.(1*20)There_______nocolorfulnightlifelikegoingtopubsorgoingtocinema,peoplelivinginthecountrysideusuallygotobedearly.A.isB.beC.tobeD.being____________,Iwouldhavechosennottotellhimonhisbirthdaythathehadfailedthefinalexam.A.WasIgivenanotherchanceB.GivenanotherchanceC.HadIgivenanotherchanceD.HadIbeengivenanotherchanceTofeedtheplanet’ssevenbillionpeople,farmerswillneedcropsthattheycangrowinsaltiersoilsandanatmosphere_______morecarbondioxideandozone.A.tobefilledwithB.fillingwithC.beingfilledwithD.filledwith_____________________,alltheathletespetingatthe2012LondonOlympicGames,weretreatedasheroeswhentheyreturnedtothecountry.A.WhateverbrilliantachievementtheymadeornotB.HoweverbrilliantachievementtheymadeornotC.HoweverbrillianttheymadeachievementornotD.TheymadewhateverbrilliantachievementornotFeministsociolinguists,overthecourseofthelastfewdecades,haveconductedstudies_____theybelievesupporttheconclusion_____womenareroutinelydiscriminatedagainstinEnglish-speakingsociety.A.what…whichB.what…thatC.which…whatD.that…thatHumanbeingsgetgoosebumpsandchillswhenwearescaredforthesamereason______catsfluffupwhenthey’rethreatened.A.asB.thatC.whyD.likeTheamountofdigitaldataavailabletous_______everyyear,buttheamountoftimeandenergywecandevotetounderstandingitremainsthesame.A.muchdoublesB.moredoublesC.morethandoublesD.moredoublesthanTheSumerians,anancientpeopleoftheMiddleEast,hadastory_______theinventionofwritingmorethan5,000yearsago.A.toexplainB.tohaveexplainedC.explainingD.explainedNotonly______________,buttheyaffectoureverydaylanguage—therearealotof“cats〞and“dogs〞inEnglish,includingproverbs,sayings,idiomsandotherexpressions.A.domesticanimalsaremen’spanionsB.men’spanionsaredomesticanimalsC.aredomesticanimalsmen’spanionsD.men’spanionsdomesticanimalsareThehistoryofcheerleading__________thelate1880s.A.goesbackasfarinB.goesfarbackasC.goesasfarbackasD.goesasfarbackasinIndailylife,imitationcanhurtusifwe________________holdpoormodels.A.deliberatelyB.conspicuouslyC.subconsciouslyD.conscientiouslyInthe________earlierthisyear,varioustreatments,likedrugstofightthevirus,weredeliveredtopatientsinthatcountry.A.illnessB.epidemicC.sicknessD.diseaseIthasprovedthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive“attachment〞periodfrombirthtothreemay________achild’spersonalityinlaterlife.A.smashB.strainC.scarD.stripNewZealandlaysclaimtoapproximately700speciesofseaweed,someofwhichhaveno_________outsidethatcountry.A.representativeB.representationC.presentationD.representingAttheOlympiclevel,whereathletesareinroughlythesamephysicalcondition,thedifferencebetweenvictoryanddefeatoften_______theirmentalstatus.A.boilsdowntoB.dwellsonC.attributestoD.contributestoSome98percentofworkingclimatescientistsagreethattheatmosphereisalreadywarming__________humangreenhouse-gasemission.A.inviewofB.inaccordwithC.inlinewithD.inresponsetoBecauseofclimate-change-inducedenvironmentaldegradation,scientists________thattensofmillionsofpeoplewillmoveintotoday’ssmallandmedium-sizecities.A.preachB.projectC.proposeD.pledgeTeenagersoftenfocusonwhatthey’dliketodoand______otherconsiderations.A.brusharoundB.turnoverC.keepoffD.setasideWhenwewalk,insteadofturningallcaloriesintoliftorforwardmotion,weturnmostofthemintoheatthat’squickly_________.A.dispatchedB.dissectedC.dissipatedD.divergedThesurfaceoftheearthhasnotalwayslookedasitdoestoday;itismoving__________andhasdonesoforbillionsofyears.A.consistentlyB.circularlyC.continentallyD.continuouslyII.ClozeDirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.(1*20)(A)Withchildrenandtheirdevelopment,nothingismoreimportantthanimaginationtohelpwiththegrowthofthoughtprocessesandcreativity.Childrenthatareabletogetawayfromitallandplacethemselves,___21___,inanotherworldaremorelikelytobeabletothink“outsidethebox〞andproducemorecreativeresultswhenlearningandworking.Forthisreason,theimportanceofimaginationcannotbe___22___andshouldbeencouragedwhenraisingchildren.Parentsknowtheimportanceofcuriosityinchildren.Curiosityholdsanimportantplaceinthemindsofkidsbecauseithelpsprovidethemwiththe___23___toexploreobjectsandplacesthattheydonotknow.Childrenbeecuriousfromaveryyoungageandbegintowonderaboutvarious___24___inthisbroaduniverse,butitisimaginationthathelpscarrythechildbeyondtheboundariesofimaginationandintoanewworldof___25___.Itisimaginationthatbeginstodevelopandoccupyaveryvitalplaceinachild’smentalworld.Withimagination,achildcanmovemountains,transporthimselftoadistantworld,makehimselfsmallerorlarger,ordisappearfromsight.Imaginationallowschildrentoformnewideasandexploreoldideas,allatonce.Forchildrenwithmoretoescapeintheir___26___realities,suchasabusevictimsorchildrenwithseparatedparents,imaginationplaysanevenmorecriticalroleindevelopmentasit___27___withcoping.Asparents,itiscriticaltopromoteimaginationthroughvariousactivitiesandideas.___28___childrentofantasyworldsthroughbooksandtelevisionshows.Discusstheseideastogetherandexploreyourchildren’sideas.Don’tjudgethemfortheideastheythinkof,butratherexplorethemtogetherandaskquestionstopromotemorethoughtthroughimagination.Thiswillhelpchildrenfleshoutand___29___ideasthroughtheirimagination,leadingtothebuildingblocksofcreativethinking.Whenchildrengetscared,itisimportanttoshowthempassionandbelonging.Thiscanbeacplishedthroughtheuseofimagination___30___.Anytoyoractivitythatpromotesimaginationisatremendousassetforpreparingchildrenfortheworldandallowingthemthespaceinwhichtotrulyandsafelygrowup.21.A.intelligentlyB.physicallyC.mentallyD.actually22.A.challengedB.underestimatedC.overestimatedD.measured23.A.abilityB.advantageC.willD.chance24.A.notionsB.speciesC.conceptsD.findings25.A.expansionB.daydreamingC.thoughtD.discovery26.A.unavoidableB.unfortunateC.unreliableD.unbelievable27.A.aidsB.binesC.fixesD.pares28.A.ThrowB.ExposeC.TakeD.Allow29.A.identifyB.justifyC.modifyD.solidify30.A.atplayB.atworkC.athomeD.atschool(B)Althoughpeoplemaynotagreeonadefinitionofcharisma,theycangenerallyagreeonwhohasitandwhodoesn’t.Askpeopletolistcharismatic___31___figuresandJohnF.Kennedy,MartinLutherKing,RonaldReagan,BillClinton,andBarackObamaaremonlyandfrequentlymentioned.AskaboutcharismaticpeoplefromtheworldofentertainmentandOprahWinfrey___32___thelist.Onthesurface,charismaticindividuals,suchasBillClinton,MohandasGandhi,andOprahWinfreyseemtohave____33____inmon(besidesbeinginpositionsofinfluenceandleadership).Buttheyallare____34____ashavingthat“somethingspecial〞thatischarisma.Whatischarisma?Thisquestionhasbeenstudiedformorethan30yearsandsomepeoplehaveagoodunderstandingofthepersonal___35____thatcanmakeanyindividual“charismatic.〞This“personalcharisma〞isnotthesameascharismaticleadership,butcharismaticleaderspossessmost,ifnotall,ofthe____36____buildingblocksofpersonalcharisma.Personalcharismaisaconstellationofplexandsophisticatedsocialandemotionalskills.Theyallowcharismaticindividualstoaffectandinfluenceothersata___37____emotionallevel,tomunicateeffectivelywiththem,andtomakestronginterpersonal38.Charismaticindividualsexpresstheirfeelingsspontaneouslyandgenuinely.Thisallowsthemtoaffectthemoodsandemotionsofothers.Weallknowcharismaticpeoplewhoseemto“lightuptheroom〞whenthey___39____.Theytypicallyexpresspositiveeffect,buttheycanalsostirupotherswhentheyareangryorirritated.Trulycharismaticindividualshavetheabilitytocontrolandregulatetheiremotionaldisplays.Theyaregoodemotionalactors,whocan____40____thecharmwhentheyneedto.Charismaticpeopleareskilledandentertainingconversationalists.Theycertainlyaffectuswiththeiremotionalexpressiveness,butthereisalsopowerintheirwords.Nearlyallcharismaticleadersareeffectivepublicspeakers.31.A.presidentialB.publicC.democraticD.charitable32.A.ranksB.overwhelmsC.topsD.dominates33.A.muchB.nothingC.littleD.something34.A.recognizedB.remendedC.bestowedD.received35.A.charactersB.characteristicsC.intelligenceD.qualities36.A.basicB.utmostC.generalD.solid37.A.surfaceB.reasonableC.deepD.substantial38.A.responsesB.interactionsC.associationD.connections39.A.talkB.thinkC.enterD.depart40.A.turnonB.putoutC.showoffD.dependonIII.ReadingSectionADirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)(2*3)AwesomeAchievementYourcollegegraduationFillsuswithloveandpride.WealwaysknewthatyoucoulddoWhateveryoureallytried.It’salongandchallengingjourneyTogetacollegedegree,Butyouwouldn’tquitit,youjustwentanddidit,Andwe’rebeamingaffectionately.Yourachievementisawesome,mykid;You’veworkedhardandyou’vepassedthetest.Weloveyouso,andwewantyoutoknow,Wethinkyou’retheverybest!ByJoanna___________Mom,fromthetimeIwasreallyyoung,IrealizedIhadsomeone...you,whoalwayscared,whoalwaysprotectedme,whowasalwaysthereformenomatterwhat.Youtaughtmerightfromwrong,andpushedmetodotherightthing,evenwhenitwashardtodo.YoutookcareofmewhenIwassick,andyourlovehelpedmakemewell.Youhadrules,andIlearnedthatwhenIobeyedthem,mylifewassimpler,better,richer.Youwereandaretheguidinglightofmylife.Myheartisfilledwithloveforyou,myteacher,myfriend,mymother.ByKarl41.Thetwo______aretakenfromafamouswebsiteforkidsreading.A.novelsB.poemsC.advertisementsD.journals42.Joannashows______.A.hergreatpridetoherson’sgraduationB.hergratitudetohermomaftergraduationC.herhappinessinpassingthefinalexamsD.herjoyinthehardandchallengejourney43.______ismostsuitabletitleforKarl’sworks.A.GuidingLightMomB.WhenIwasyoungC.NomatterwhatD.Therulestofollow(B)(2*4)It’srainingbacteriaForcloudstoformsoitcanrainorsnow,tinydropletsofwateroricecrystalsmustattachthemselvestoevensmallerparticlesintheair,knownascloudseeds.Untilnowscientistshavesaidthatthesecloudseedsthathelpmakeitrainhavebeenmostlythingslikesoot,dustandseasalt.Now,however,researchhasfoundthatlivingthingsmaybemuchmoreimportantcloudseedersthanfirstthought.Climatescientistslookedatsnowandicesamplesfromallovertheworldandfoundthateveryoneofthemhadatleastsomemicro-organismssuchasbacteriainthem.Bacteriafindsitswayintotheairafterbeingdisturbedoffplantsgrowingonfarms,anditisatleastonesourceresponsibleformakingitrainorsnow.Thisdiscoverymeansthatresearchersarebetterabletomakelinksbetweenthelivingworldandourclimate.Someresearchersalsosaythisnewinformationmayhelpscientistsbringrain,artificially,todryareas.44.Inthepast,scientistregardedallthethingsexcept______ascloudseeds.A.sootB.smallerparticlesC.bacteriaD.dirt45.Whatdoestheword“disturbed〞inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.interruptedB.movedC.worriedD.broken46.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Micro-organismsaremoreimportantinrain-formthanfirstthought.B.Smallerarticlesarevitalintheprocessofcloudsandrainforming.C.Soot,dustandseasaltarenormallycloudseeds.D.Dryareasneedmorebacteriatogetsufficientraindropping.47.Thefindingswillhelpresearchers______.A.understandthecreaturesandclimatebetterB.findanewwaytopreventtherainpouringC.realizetheimportanceofbacteriainnatureD.knowthattheremustbebacteriainraindrops(C)(2*5)CATHOLICCOLLEGEBENDIGOHOMESTUDYANDHOWTOSTUDY—SOMESUGGESTIONSBeforeyoubegin:Makeasettimeforstudy.Ifpossible,setupapermanentstudyarea.(Ifthisisnotpossible,findprivacyinaquietarea.Youneedtobealone.)DonottrytoworkwithTV,radioorconversationtodistractyou.Organiseyourbookssothattheyareinorderandyouknowwheretheyare.Keepyourworkspaceclearofmaterialsandobjects.Whenyouarestudying,havewithyouonlythebooksandnotesyourequire.Thiswillavoiddistraction.Useagoodlightwhichisnotinapositiontoshineinyoureyes.Allowfreshairintoyourroom.Useafortablechairwithagoodbacksupport.TimeManagement:(Useyourdiaryfortimemanagement)Atthebeginningofeachweek:Listbeforeandafterschoolactivitiessuchassport,practicesessions,musiclessons,homestudy.Listtheteststobedonethatweekandonwhichday.Listtheassignmentsandessaysdueandonwhichday.Checkyourprogressonalongtermassignments.Doasmallamountregularly.Settimeforstudy.Allowtimefrorevision.Checkwhatyouneedforthenextday.Makesureyouhavedonedueassignments.Packyourbagwithbooksandequipmentyouwillneed.Listthebooksetc.youwillneedtobringhomefortomorrownight’shomestudy(Useyourdiaryforreminders).Whathomestudytimeisusedfor:Toprepareforlessons(collectwhatisneededresearchetc).Topletethework(suchasassignment).Topleteworknotfinishedinclass.Toreviseandunderstandworkdoneinclass.Towritedownquestionsaboutwhatyoucan’tunderstand.Readforrelaxationandenjoyment.WorkHabits:Dothehardestsubject/assignmentfirstwhileyouarefresh.Takea10-minutebreakeveryhour.Useyourtimeatschooleffectively.Itwillcutdownhomestudytime.Revisionofworkdoneinclassbeforemencingsethomestudywillhelptomakerevisingfortestseasier.Notes:Haveaseparatefolderforeachsubject.Useplentyofheadings.Usesub-headings.Beneatinyourlayout.Itiseasiertoread.Organiseyournotesbycolourhighlightingthem.Numberingthepointscanbeuseful.Leavewidemarginsforments.Datethenotes.Storethenotesinorder.ResearchingYourAssignments:1.CHOOSEyourtopic:—whatisitexactlythatIneedtoknow?—whatquestionsdoIhavetoanswer?2.FINDtherelevantbook/sandwritedownthetitle/sinyourfolders.RECORDtheinformationforbibliographyNOW(Seepoint10).3.Usethe(a)Index(b)Tableofcontentstofindyourfactseasilyandquickly4.READtheinformationinthebook/articles.5.USEtheverticalfilewhichisinALPHABETICALORDER.6.TAKENOTESbyreadingaparagraphatatimeandwritingbriefpointsi.e.a)…b)…7.MAKEUSEOFMAPS,DIAGRAMSANDTABLES8.USEheadingsandsub-headingstohighlightyourpoints.9.JOINthepointstogetherinyourownwords.10.BIBLIOGRAPHY—inalphabeticalorder,byauthor’ssurname,e.g.Smith,JohnIndustrialRevolution,Ringwood:Penguin,1983.Pages13,16-19,58.Recordthisinformationasyougo(seePoint2).Ifyoucanfollowthesepointsassignmentswillbeeasier.48.Thepassageismostprobablytakenfrom______.A.astudentguidanceB.anenrollmentC.anewproductbrochureD.acollegecalendar49.Beforeyoubegin,studentsshoulddoallthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.setupapermanentstudyareaB.makeadjustmentofdesklampC.eliminatedistractionsfromlearningD.checkwhatyou’lldonextday50.OnMondays,studentsshould______.A.ensurewhichdayisthedeadlineforassignmentsB.makealistofhardestsubjectsofthewholeweekC.finishthelongtermassignmentsinthistermD.setadefinitetimeforself-learningafterschool51.Whenyoutakenotes,youshould______.A.setasideemptyspaceatthesideofpagetomakementsB.takedownwhattheprofessorshavementionedinclassC.putallthelearningmaterialsintoonebigfolderD.putthefolderinalphabeticalorder52.Whichsectionwillteachyouhowtoputacollectionofresourcematerialsinorder?A.TimeArrangementB.WorkHabitsC.BeforeYouBeginD.ResearchingYourassignmentsSectionB(3*7)Directions:Readthefollowingpassageswiththesametopic.Theyarefollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.Topic:Sleepyourselfthin.Really?①Modernsocietyisbeingmoresleep-deprivedandfatter,butarethe‘epidemics’related?TimOldsandCarolMahertakeacloserlookattheevidence.②Thekeytomaintainingahealthyweightmaynotbeabouthowmuchyousleep,butwhenyousleep.RelatedStories③Theideaof‘sleepingyourselfthin’hasalotofappeal.Somuchnicerthanthecoldmorningjogsandthelow-calorielentilsoup.“Justanotherhalfhour,darling,I'mtryingtoloseweight.〞④Andforonce,scienceseemstobeonourside.Insufficientsleephasbeenassociatedwitheverythingfromsuicidetomemoryloss,hyperactivitytofailureatschool,immuneproblemsto…obesity.⑤Shortsleepersarefatter.MostpopulationstudiesfindaU-shapedrelationshipbetweensleepdurationandthelikelihoodofbeingoverweightorobese,theriskbeinglowestinnormal(seventoeighthourspernight)sleepers,andhigherforthosesleepinglessthanfivehoursormorethanninehoursanight.⑥Studiesinthelabhavehelpedtoidentifysomepossiblemechanisms.Whenpeoplearesleep-deprived,bloodsugarlevelsareelevated,sympatheticnervoussystemactivityishigher,andlevelsofleptinandghrelin(hormoneswhichrespectivelysuppressandstimulateappetite)aretiltedinfavourofover-eating.Allofthiswouldbeexpectedtoleadtofataccumulation.⑦What’smore,itseemsthattheobesityepidemichascoincidedwithanepidemicofsleeploss.Ourworkhasshownthatoverthelast100years,globally,kidshavelost75minutesofsleepaday,althoughAustraliahasgoneagainstthetrend,withAustraliankidssleepinglongerthanbefore.Abouthalfofalladultssaytheyneedmoresleep,theaverageperceivedsleepdeficitbeingabout25-30minutespernight.Waitaminute...⑧Allseemsrightforasleep-ledrecoveryfromtheobesityepidemic.Butweshouldtreatthesestudieswithcaution.⑨Forastart,MargaretThatcherandWinstonChurchillnotwithstanding,fewerthaneightpeopleinahundredregularlysleeplessthanfivehoursanight.Andtheybelievewhilekidsmaybesleepingless,historicaltrendsinadultsleeparelessclear.Onerecentstudyfoundnosignificantchangebetween1992and2006inAustralianadults,andUKdatashowasimilarpattern.Furthermore,laboratorystudiestypicallyuseextremesleepdeprivationinartificialenvironments(nodrugs,nocaffeine,nophysicalactivity,artificiallight-darkcycles),soit’snotatallclearhowthesefindingstranslateintoreal-worldsituations.⑩AssleepexpertJimHornepointsout,extendingsleep,evenwiththeuseofsleepingpills,wouldtakeyearstohaveanynoticeableeffectonobesity,andtheextratimespentsleepingwouldbebetterusedjustgoingforawalk.Althoughshortsleepersarefatterthannormalsleepers,thedifferencesareverysmall(forexample,theextratwohours’sleepnormalsleepersgetoverfive-hour-a-nightersreducestheirwaistgirthbyonlytwocentimetresovermanyyears),andmaynothaveimportanthealthconsequences.⑪Weshouldalsobeopentoalternativeexplanationsoftheseassociationsbetweenshortsleepandweight.⑫Inarecentstudywithkids,ourgroupfoundthatbedtimeexplaineddifferencesinweight.Evenwhenadjustedforsleepduration,latebedtimeswereassociatedwithgreaterriskofobesity,lowerlevelsofphysicalactivityandhigherlevelsoftelevisionviewing,aswellaswithlessfavourabledietarypatterns(lessfruitandvegetableconsumptionandmoresnackfoods).Itmaybethatlateretireesandlaterisersjustmissoutonthegoodthingsoflife(healthybreakfasts,morningjogs)andcopallthebadstuff(television,fastfood,latenightsnacks).⑬Sleeplobbygroupsandpublichealthexpertsareconstantlyadvisingustogetmoresleep.Thenotionofsleepingourselvesthinisappealing,buttheevidenceismixed.⑭Andconsiderthis:inourreviewofsleepremendationsforchildrensincetheendofthe19thcentury,wefoundthatexpertshavealwaysremendedthatkidsgetabout30minutesmoresleepthantheyactuallyget,nomatterhowmuchsleeptheyweregetting.Sowhiletheactualsleepdurationofchildrenfellbymorethananhouroverthelastcentury,remendedsleepdurationfellatexactlythesamerate.⑮Itseemsthatformanyofus,wecanjustnevergetenoughsleep.53.Thementionof‘morningjogs’and‘lentilsoup’istoshow______.A.sleepismoreeffectiveinlosingweightB.jogginginthemorningisterriblycoldtopeopleC.toomuchsleepwillleadtoobesityD.lentilsoupsometimesaccountsformemoryloss54.‘Ourside’(inPara.4)referstothebeliefthat______.A.alltheterriblethingsefrominsufficientsleepB.lackofsleepisthecausesofseveralillnessesincludingoverweightC.themoreyousleep,themorelikelyyouaretobeoverweightD.fivehours’sleepisthenormalstandardformostpeople55.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaresultofinsufficientsleep?A.Bigappetite.B.Lowerbloodsugarlevels.C.Immuneproblems.D.Pooracademicperformance.56.MargaretandWinstonwould______theideaof‘sleepingyourselfthin.’A.eupwithB.partlysupportC.disagreewithD.shownointerestin57.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTUREaccordingtoParagraph9?A.Thestudyofchildrensleepingdeprivationinthelabisn’treliable.B.Onlyeightpercentofpeoplehavethenormalsleepingduration.C.Explanationsofsleepingandoverweightareveryridiculous.D.Latebedtimesareassociatedwithgreaterriskofobesity.58.Theauthorbelievesthat______.A.weshouldreconsidertheexplanationsofthelinkbetweensleepdurationandweightB.theexplanationsofthelinkbetweensleepdurationandweightarereliableC.moretimeofsleepwillhavenonoticeableeffectonthosepeoplewhosufferfromoverweightD.UKdatashowthesignificantchangeinchildrensleepdurationbetween1992and200