人教版高一英语必修三Unit-4全套课件

Lead-inThebackgroundpictureisthewholecosmos[ˈkɒzmɒs]/universe(宇宙).Whatdoyouknowaboutit?It’stheGalaxy(银河系).They’replanets(行星)andstars(恒星).It’stheblackhole.It’sthesolarsystem.Canyouenumerate[ɪˈnju:məreɪt](列举)theplanets?，HistoryoftheUniverseUnit4Astronomy:theScienceoftheStarsScienceSubjectsPhysicsChemistryBiologyGeologyMathematicsMedicineBiochemistryGeophysicsAstronomyWarmingupHawkingandhistheoriesCanyounametheminEnglish?Mercury[ˈmɜ:kjəri]

Venus['viːnəs]EarthMarsJupiter[ˈdʒu:pɪtə(r)]

Saturn[ˈsætɜ:n]

Uranus[ˈjʊərənəs]Neptune[ˈneptju:n]Pluto

ˈplu:təu]TheSunTheSolarSystemABlackHoleTheMoonTheBigBangAtomTheGlobe——OurEarthAtmosphere(大气层)Reading1.FastReading,andanalyzeitsstructure.Writedownthemainideaforeachparagraph.Answerkeyforquestion1:Paragraph1:Awidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverse.Paragraph2:Theformationofwaterforlife.Paragraph3:Theimportanceofwaterforlife.Paragraph4:Thedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearth.Paragraph5:Thearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearth.3.DetailedReading:Readthetextloudlyforasecondtimeandthencompletethefillsinthefollowingpicturesaccordingtotheevolution(进化，演变)orderoflifeontheearth.12345678Answerkeyforquestion3:smallplantsinwatershellfishandallsortsoffishgreenplantsonlandinsects(onland)amphibians(onlandandinwater)forestsreptiles(onland)dinosaurs(onland)mammals(onland)Explanation天文学

n.Astronomyisthescientificstudyofthestars,planets,andothernaturalobjectsinspace.1.astronomy相关短语radarastronomy

雷达天文学

radioastronomy

电波(无线电)天文学2.star(1)名词

(pl.stars)1）星,恒星;(日、月等)天体;星形物;

2）星号;(表示等级等的)星级;星形勋章,如：WhileinTaipeishestayedatafourstarhotel.

她在台北逗留期间住在一家四星级旅馆。

3）命运;星象

4）(电影、体育等的)明星,杰出人物

Hiswishtobecomeafootballstarhascometrue.他想当足球明星的愿望实现了。(2)动词（及物）

(starred;starred;starring)1）用星形物装饰2）用星号标出

3）使成明星,由主演YesterdaywesawafilmstarringCharlieChaplin.昨天我们看了一部查理·卓别林主演的电影。3.动词（不及物）

(starred;starred;starring)1）当明星,主演。如：Shehasstarredinsomethirtyfilms.她主演过大约30部影片。star2）表现出色

。如：Hedidn'tstaratthatjob.

那份工作他干得并不出色。(4)形容词

1）星的;星形的2）明星的,主角的3）出色的,优秀的。如：Tonyisthestarplayeronourteam.托尼是我队的主力。star3.globe（1）名词

(pl.globes)1)球;球状物

2)地球仪;地球。如：Thisplantcangrowinmanypartsoftheglobe.

这种植物能在地球上的许多地方生长。

3)眼球

（2）动词（不及物）

(globed;globed;globing)

成球状

（3）动词（及物）

(globed;globed;globing)

使成球状Thenareyouclearnowabouttheevolutionoflife?Whenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe,theearthwassoviolent.4.6billionyearsago3billionyearsago540millionyearsago250millionyearsago65millionyearsagoTheEvolutionofLifeontheearth

[ˌi:vəˈlu:ʃn]

[ˌpælɪəʊˈzəʊɪk]

[ˌmesəʊ'zəʊɪk]

[ˌsi:nəˈzəuik]

ShellfishAmphibianReptile——DinosaurPrimitive(原始的)PeopleLanguagePoints1.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertain<untilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsago>(whenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe).betodo的用法(1)betodo...用于第一人称疑问句中，表示征求对方意见。如：AmItogoonwiththework？要我继续这项工作吗？Whatarewetodonext？我们下一步该怎么办？

(2)表示按约定、计划，或即将发生的动作，这是将来时的一种用法。如：Theyaretopayavisittotheteachertogetherat10a．m.tomorrow.他们约定明天上午10点一起去看这位老师。bebeWearetomeetatthestationatfourthisafternoon.我们今天下午4点在车站见面。

(3)表示必须或应该，在意义上等于must，should，oughtto或haveto。如：Youaretofinishtheworkbeforefivethisafternoon.你们必须在今天下午五点以前完成这项任务。Thismedicineistobetakenthreetimesaday.这种药一天要服三次。

(4)用来表示注定要发生或不可避免要发生的事。如：Histheorywastochangetheviewsontheuniverse.LanguagePoints1.Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock,whichwereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.loud,aloud,loudly这三个副词词义很接近，但含义有所不同。aloud的意思是“出声地、高声地”，强调能让人听得见。如：Readaloudsothatwecanallhearyou.读大点声，以便我们大家都能听见你。Theyareshoutingaloud.他们在大声感叫。

loud意思是“大声地、高声地、响亮地”，强调声音响亮。常与动词speak,talk,say,laugh等连用。如：Don’ttalksoloud.讲话声音不要这么大。Factsspeaklouderthanwords.事实胜于雄辩。loudly的意思是“高声地”，有时可与loud通用，但含有“喧闹”的意味。如：Someoneknockedloudlyatthedoor.有人在大声敲门。Don’ttalksoloudly/loud.说话声音不要这么大。在现代英语中有时在并不喧闹的场合也用loudly.如：Willyoupleasereadthetextloudly?你能不能大声读这篇课文？

explode1)（使某物）炸开，爆炸。如：Thefireworkexplodedinhishandandhewashurtseriously.2)（指感情）激发。如：

Iwasfrightenedwhensheexplodedintoloudlaughter.

3)（指人口）突然或迅速增加。如：Nowitisnoteasytofindjobswiththeexplodingpopulation.explosion

n.

爆炸（声）

explosive

adj.

爆炸性的，易爆炸的n.

炸药，爆炸物intime

(forsth./todosth.):

最终；及时，如Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner.她会及时赶回来准备晚饭。3.Whatmanysciencebelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolvegasesandacidswhichareharmfultotheplantsintotheoceansandseas.allow

v.允许、许可、容许allow+n./pron./doingallowsb.todosth.beallowedtodosth.2.continuous连续不断的（强调一个动作没有间断过）

continual反复的，频繁的（强调一个动作在某个时期反复出现）

continued和continuing可以互换，都表示“连续不断的”“继续不变的”，但是它们只能用于名词前。

总的来说，其差异正逐渐消失，特别是continual亦含有continuous相同的意义，尤指不愉快的事：Lifewasacontinualstruggleforthem.生活对他们来说是不断的挣扎。

Present1presencen.出席，到场，存在

形容词a.

1.出席的,在场的

Howmanypeoplewerepresentatthemeeting?

到会的有多少人?

2.现在的,当前的

I'mnotatallsatisfiedwiththepresentsituation.

我对目前的情况一点都不满意。名词n.

1.现在,目前

Thereisnotimelikethepresent.

机不可失,时不再来。

present2

名词n.

1.礼物,赠品[C]

Heoftengavehisneighbor'skidslittlepresents.

他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子。Present3presentationn.授予，颁发，呈现

及物动词vt.

1.赠送,呈献[(+to/with)]

Theypresentedhimwithabunchofflowers.

他们献给他一束鲜花。

2.引起(问题),造成(困难)[(+to/with)]

Allthispresentednewsafetyproblems.

所有这些都造成了新的安全问题。3.提出,提交,呈递[(+to)]

Some300paperswerepresentedattheconference.

会上提出了大约三百篇论文。

4.呈现;描述;出示[(+to)]

Hehadtopresentasmilingfacethoughheavy-hearted.

虽然忧心忡忡,但他还得露出一副笑容。Myfatherdoesn’tallowsmokingathome.Infacthedoesn’tallowustosmokeanywhereatanytime.

父亲不允许在家里吸烟。实际上，他不允许我们在任何地方任何时候吸烟。Areweallowedtousethecomputer?我们可以用电脑么？beharmfulto对……有害

doharmtosb.=dosb.harm伤害某人，对某人有害处1)Pollutionisespeciallyharmfultoanimals.2)Smokingwilldoyoualotofharm.

4.Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.It’sgenerallybelievedthat…一般认为……generallyspeaking一般而言，概括来说1)It’sgenerallybelievedthatgirlsworkharderthanboysdo.2)Generallyspeaking,womencrymoreeasilythanmen.bydoing用于说明做某事的手段、方式。如：Idon’tthinkshecanhelphimbyjustgivinghimmoney.我认为她光靠给钱是帮不了他的。5.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,whichprevents

heatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.阻止某人做某事:preventsb.(from)doingsth.stopsb.(from)doingsth.keepsb.fromdoingsth.1)Wemustpreventthemfrommakingtrouble.2)Youshouldpreventthechildfrominjuringhimself.Ifnothingprevents,…

如果没有什么阻碍的话,……6.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.dependon:

相信，信赖,依靠,依赖,视……而定，取决于Dependonit.没问题，请放心（句末或句首）

That/It(all)depends.那得看情况而定.1)Dependonit,you’llsucceed.2)Hemaysupportme,butitdepends.宾语从句可以分为三类

(1).动词的宾语从句

1.1大多数位于动词后面

Eg：Ihopeyoucanjoinusinthegame.

1.2有些是“动词+副词”后

Findout/pointout/figureout/turnout/figureoutEg：Canyoufigureoutwhatthepoetreallymeansinthispoem?

1.3有些动词短语后面Makesure/makeupone’smind/keepinmindEg;weshouldkeepinmindthatsportscanbeagreatboosttoourhealth.

(2)it作形式宾语代替宾语从句第一类动词;find/feel/think/consider/make/believe/guess/suppose/assume等后面有宾语不足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将that引导的真正的宾语从句后置。

Eg：Ithinkitnecessarythatwedosomesporting.

第二类动词带宾语从句时需要在从句前面加it。

这类词：hate/like/dislike/appreciate/dependon/seeto/Eg:Ihateitwhentheytalkwithoutconsideringother’sfeeling.7.Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger.cheerup

欢呼；喝彩；感到高兴；使高兴。如：Thecrowdcheeredupwhentheysawtheteamsarrive.观众看到运动队进场时欢声雷动。Hetookhertotheconcerttocheerherup.为使她高兴起来，他带她去听音乐会。Astronomer[əˈstrɒnəmə(r)]astronaut[ˈæstrənɔ:t]

watch…do/doing

观看；注视。如：Wewatchedthesunsettingbehindthetrees.Eveningfell.我们看着太阳一点点地落在树后，夜幕降临了。Everydayastheywatchedtheplantgrow,theirheartswerefilledwithhope.他们每天都在观察这棵植物生长，心里充满了希望。Weigh1.表示“称……的重量”,是及物动词,如：Heweighedthefish.他称了这条鱼.Doyouoftenweighyourself?你经常称体重吗?2.表示“重(多少)”,是不及物动词Heweighs60kilos.他体重60公斤.Themeatweighsfivepounds.这肉重五磅.2.比较byweight/inweight：前者表示“按重量”,后者表示“重量上”.如：Dotheychargecarriagebyweight?他们是按重量收取运费吗?It’ssmallerinsizebutgreaterinweight.它体积比较小,但分量比较重.3.对重量提问,特殊疑问词用Howmuch……?orHowheavy……?Whatistheweightof...Howmuchitweighs?What=howmuchdoyouweigh?Whatistheweightofthebaby?倍数的表达方式共：四种

1.表示“几倍大小（长短；数量）”,由“倍数+thesize（length,amount……）”结构组成.

例如：

Theearthisforth-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月亮的49倍大.2.表示“……比……大几倍”,由“倍数+形容词（副词）比较级”结构组成.

例如：

Thisboxisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.这个盒子比那个盒子大三倍.

Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.今年比去年粮食产量增加8%.3.表示“……是……倍”,由“倍数+as+形容词+as+”结构组成.

例如：

Ourfactoryistwiceasbigastheirs.我们的工厂是他们的三倍.

Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多.

[注]一倍用once,两倍用twice.4、还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍.

Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.今年粮食产量增加了4倍.9.Wewatched,amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.

此处的amazed是过去分词作状语。过去分词经常可以作状语，这是一种特定用法。如：Hecameinunnoticed.他神不知鬼不觉地走了进来。Manyheroeslieburiedinthechurchyard.许多英雄埋葬在教堂的墓地里。

breakout

（战争，争吵，疾病等）爆发。如：Aquarrelbrokeoutsuddenlyatmidnight.半夜，（他们）突然大吵起来。8.“Ohdear,”Icried,“walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged.”Nowthat:既然，由于。如：Nowthateverybodyishere,wecanbeginthemeeting.10.thePaleozoicera:古生代，是地质时代的第三个代（第一、第二代分别是太古代和元古代）。约5.44亿年前至2.48亿年前.theMesozoicera:中生代，包括：三叠纪、侏罗纪、白垩纪。

theCenozoicera:新生代，约开始于6500万年前，现仍在持续。11.BigBang:宇宙大爆炸理论LearningaboutLanguage1.Wordsastronomy,atmosphere,system,violent,solid,explode,carbon,dioxide,oxygen,surface,planet,harmful,development,spread,method,depend,exist,presence,telescope,disappoint,disappointed,publish,publishing,gravity,force,gradually,cheer,float,massUsethecorrectprefixorsuffixforeachword.Writeoutthenewwordandexplainthedifferencebetweenthetwo.presentviolentconfidentdifferentpatientpresenceviolenceconfidencedifferencepatiencecertainfairpaidlikekinduncertainunfairunpaidunlikeunkind-(en)ceun-cultureglobeuniverseagriculturemathematicsculturalglobaluniversalagricultralmathematicalartphysicschemistrybiologyscienceartistphsicistchemistbiologistscientist-al-ist2.Expressionssolarsystem,intime,nowthat,prevent...from,dependon,cheerup,getthehangof,breakout,layeggs,givebirthto,inone’sturn,carbondioxide,watchout,blockoutCompleteeachofthesentenceswithasuitablewordorphraseinthecorrectform.surface,explode,develop,prevent,float,spread,violent,astronomy,force,publish,disappoint,solid

1.The_____ofgravitymakesthingsfalltotheearth.2.Therobberskickedthedoor_________andbrokeintothestar'shouse.3.Nothingcanseparatethetwo,becausetheyhavea________friendshipfoundation.4.InWorldWarII,twoatomicbombs_________inJapan,killingalargenumberofpeople.5.Withthe____________ofourcountry’seconomy,people'slivingstandardhasbeengreatlyraised.forceviolentlysolidexplodeddevelopment6.Morethan70%oftheearth’s________iscoveredbywater.7.Inthelastfewyearsthecityhas_______outrapidlyinalldirections.8.Thathefailedtheexamination____________hisloververymuch.9.They_________thecanoeoutintothemiddleoftheriver.10.MarkTwain________alotofpopularnovelsinthat_________firm.spreaddisappointedfloatedsurfacepublishedpublishing1.他以前是靠画画为生的。

Heusedto_______________hisliving_____________________.2.爆竹在他手里爆炸了，他伤得很严重。Thefirework____________________________andhehurtseriously.3.乡村生活与都市生活是非常不同的。

Countrylifeis__________________________citylife.4.玛丽之所以没有通过这次考试，是因为她此前病了两个星期。

Mary___________intheexam,_________________shehadbeenillfortwoweeks.Completethefollowingsentences.5.第二次世界大战是１９３９年爆发的。

WorldWarII___________________in1939.6.我担心是否伤害了她。

Iworry______________________Ihurtherfeelings.7.为使她高兴起来，她丈夫带她去听音乐会。

Herhusbandtookhertotheconcert_______________________.8.他们乘坐宇宙飞船穿越太空到月球上去。

They__________________________tothemooninaspaceship.9.天上有朵朵白云。

Therewere________________________whitecloudsinthesky.1.Heusedtomake/earnhislivingbypainting.2.Thefireworkexplodedinhishandandhehurtseriously.3.Countrylifeisquitedifferentfromcitylife.4.Maryfailedintheexam.Thiswasbecauseshehadbeenillfortwoweeks.5.WorldWarIIbrokeoutin1939.6.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.7.Herhusbandtookhertotheconcerttocheerherup.8.Theytraveledthroughspacetothemooninaspaceship.9.Thereweremassesofwhitecloudsinthesky.AnswerKey:3.Grammar——NounClausesasthesubject

做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句(NounClausesasthesubject)，引导主语从句的有从属连词that、whether，连接代词who、what、which，连接副词when、where、how、why等。1.连接词：1）从属连词：that，whether等.that引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。Thatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart.Thathewillcomeiscertain.

由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。

Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.Itdoesn’tmattertoomuchwhethershe’scomingornot.2)连接代词who，what，which,whatever,whichever,whoeverWhatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.3)连接副词when，where，how，why等。Whyhediditremainsamystery.Whentheywillstartisnotknownyet.Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.2.位置：主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末，常用下面几种句型。

1）It+be+表语

+主语从句表语：（名词，形容词，过去分词）Itisapitythatwecan’tgo.Itisnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame.ItisanhonourthatIwasinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.ItistruethatItoldhereverything.ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.ItisreportedthatChinahassentanothermanmadeearthsatelliteintoorbit.2）It+不及物动词或短语+主语从句Itseemed(happened,doesn’tmatter,hasturnedout)that…Ithappensthattheywereabsent.ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall.Itdoesn’tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.3）It+及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays.注意:

主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。误：Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.正：Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural.正：Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother.4)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.误：IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful.正：WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful正：ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim.1.____youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether

2.____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where

3._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who

语法专项练习Choosethebestoption.4._______we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That

5.______hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This

6.______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What

7._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether

8._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody9.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...does10.It________Bobdrivesbadly.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat11.It'suncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how12.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which13.____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what14.____youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether15..____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where轻松一刻ReportaboutAlienUsingLanguageListentothetapeandanswerthequestions2onpage30.1.ListeningIsaacNewtonInpairsdiscussthethreescientistsandtheirideasongravity.AlbertEinsteinStephenHawkingIsaacNewton（1643—1727）wasthegreatestEnglishmathematicianofhisgeneration.Helaidthefoundationfordifferentialandintegralcalculus.Hisworkonopticsandgravitationmakehimoneofthegreatestscientiststheworldhasknown.Albert

Einstein(1879

–1955)wasatheoreticalphysicist.Heisbestknownforhistheoriesofspecialrelativityandgeneralrelativity.Einsteinreceivedthe1921NobelPrizeinPhysics"forhisservicestoTheoreticalPhysics,andespeciallyforhisdiscoveryofthelawofthephotoelectriceffect.".StephenHawking（1942—）

isaBritishtheoreticalphysicist.Heisknownforhiscontributionstothefieldsofcosmologyandquantumgravity,especiallyinthecontextofblackholes.IsaacNewtonAlbertEinsteinStephenHawkingIdeaLargebodieshaveaforcewhichpullthingstowardsthem.Inspacelargeobjectsmakespaceandtimebend;thelargertheobject,thefurtherspaceandtimebends.Blackholeshaveaverylargemassandpullthingstowardsthem.DevelopmentThebiggertheobjectthestrongerthegravity.Timegoesslowerinverystronggravity.Ifyouovertheedge,youcannotgetout;butifyoudonot,youmayabletoescape.2.Reading,SpeakingReadthepassageandimaginewhatyouneedifyoutraveltothemoon.Don’tforgettousetheexpressionsasfollows:表指示（instructions)Pleasepayattentionto…Pleasecheckthat…Pleaselookat…Makesurethat…Don’tforgetto…Watchoutfor…Youneed…You’dbetter…Youmust/mustn’t…3.WritingThenwriteashortarticleexplainingoneoftheproblemsthatyoumighthaveonthemoon.Setoutwhatyoushoulddotoovercomethisdifficultyandhaveahappyvisit.SummingUp重点单词：system,theory,violent,unlike,harmful,exist,puzzle,pull,nowthat重点短语：intime,layeggs,givebirthto,inone’sturn,prevent…from,cheerup,,breakout,watchout功能

指示（instructions）语法：

theusageofNounClausesasthesubject话题：

Scienceofthestars;thedevelopmentoflife;spacetravelandgravity高考链接

1.TheOlympicGames,________in776 B.C,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplaying B.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayed D.tobefirstplaying

解析：TheOlympicgames与play是被动关系，排除A和D；不定式的被动式，表示未来的动作，排除B。C2.—Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?(02北京卷)—Thekey________theproblemistomeetthedemand________bythecustomers.A.tosolving,making

B.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,making D.tosolve,made

解析：keyto(…的关键)中to是介词，应接动名词，排除C和D；又因名词demand与make是被动关系(madedemands提出要求)，另有by这一标志词暗示，用过去分词作定语。

B3.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,________as3M.A.knowing B.knownC.beingknown D.tobeknown

解析：因为the…company与know是被动关系，所以用过去分词短语作定语，knownas3M=whichwasknownas3M。BExercises

A.ClozetestCarol’shusbandwaskilledinacaraccidentlastyear.Jim,only52,was1homefromwork.Theotherdriverwasateenagerwhohad2alot.Jimdiedatonce.Theteenagerwasinthe3forlessthanthreehours.ItwasCarol’sfiftiethbirthday,andJimhadtwoplaneticketstoHawaiiinhispocket.Hewasgoingto

4her.However,hewaskilledbyadrunkendriver.“Howhaveyou

5this?”IaskedCarol,ayearlater.

6

welledup(涌出)inhereyes.IthoughtIhadsaidthe7thing,butshesaid,“It’sallright.Iwantto8you.ThedayImarriedJim,IpromisedIwouldneverlethimleavethehouseinthemorning9tellinghimIlovedhim.Hemadethesame

10.Itgottobeajokebetweenus,andaswegrewolderitgottobea(n)

11

promisetokeep.“Irememberrunningdownthedriveway,saying‘Iloveyou’justbeforehedroveoutofmy

12,ordrivingallthewaytohisofficejusttoputa(n)

13saying‘Iloveyou’onhiscar.Itwasafunny14.“Wemadealotof

15tryingtosay‘Iloveyou’beforenooneverydayofourmarriedlife.“ThemorningJim16,heleftabirthdaycardinthekitchenandthenleft17.Iheardtheenginestarting.Oh,no,Ithought.I

18

outquicklyandknockedonthecarwindow

19herolleditdown.“HereonmyfiftiethbirthdayI,CarolGarret,wantyou,MrJamesE.Garretto20

that‘Iloveyou!’“That’showI’vesurvived,knowingthatthelastwordsIsaidtoJimwere,‘Iloveyou!’”1.A.walkingB.arrivingC.drivingD.riding2.A.drunkB.eatenC.talkedD.done3.A.schoolB.hospitalC.officeD.prison4.A.surpriseB.interestC.disappointD.frighten5.A.learnedB.survivedC.existedD.explained6.A.ExcitementB.HappinessC.JoysD.Tears7.A.sad B.extraC.wrongD.violent8.A.tell B.dependC.cheerD.believe9.A.with B.besides C.after D.without10.A.idea B.choice C.promiseD.mistake11.A.hardB.easy C.silly D.harmful12.A.