【语法课件】时态和语态复习

Welcome动词的时态和语态一.什么叫时态?

在英语中,发生在不同时间的谓语动作或状态要用不同的谓语动词形式表示;有时候,发生在同一时间的谓语动作或状态,由于说话者所强调的方面不同,也要用不同的谓语动词形式表示.这里所说的不同的谓语动词形式就是我们常说的不同的谓语时态.二.时态跟时间状语有关1.一般现在时

(often/always/sometimes/usually/occasionally/atpresent/everymorning…)

Childrenusuallypickupforeignlanguagesveryquickly.Everydaysheisthelasttoleavetheoffice.构成法:is/am/are,do/does

2.一般过去时

(often/always/occasionally/5daysago/lastweek/5dayslater/after5days/theyearbeforelast/onJuly1,1986…)OftenIdidnotseePapauntiltheevening.Healwayswenttoworkonfoot.IwasborninJuly,1987.3.一般将来时

(infuture/inthefuture/fromnowon/soon/in5years/nextyear/inthe22ndcentury…)Infuture,we’ll

pay

moreattentiontotheprotectionofourenvironment.Myfatherwillbebackhomeinafewdays.

构成法:动词过去式构成法:will/shall

+动词原形(“is/am/areto+动词原形”或“is/am/aregoingto+动词原形”)4.过去将来时(soon/inafewdays/thenextweek…)

Johntoldmethathewouldgoabroadthenextday.Thegovernmentpromisedthathelpwouldcomesoon.5.现在进行时(now/justnow/atthemoment…)Sheisfeedingthebabyrightnow.6.过去进行时(then/at10yesterdaymorning/thistimeyesterday/atthattime…)Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterdayevening?构成法:would/should+动词原形构成法:is/am/are+动词现在分词构成法:was/were+动词现在分词7.将来进行时

(thistimetomorrow/at8nextMonday/whenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai…)WhenyourplanelandsattheairportofShanghai,we

willstillbesleeping.8.现在完成时

(fortenyears/sincefiveyearsago/sincetheygotmarried/sofar/inthepastfewdays/inthelast3years/inrecentyears,uptonow…)Sofar,nothinghasbeendonetostoppollutingtheriver.Thingshavechangedinrecentweeks.Mumhasbeenillforseveraldays.构成法:will/shallbe+动词现在分词构成法:has/have+动词过去分词9.过去完成时(formanyyears/sincehewasborn/by2000/bythetimeWorldWarIIbrokeout/afewyearsbefore…)Bysixo’clock,theyhadworkedtwelvehours.Bythetimehecameback,Ihadgonetobed.Whenhewokeup,everythinghadchanged.10.将来完成时(bytheendofthisyear/bythetimeIgraduatefromcollege…)BythetimeIgraduatefromcollege,Ishallhave

stayedinWuhanforfouryears.

构成法:had+动词过去分词构成法:will/shallhave+动词过去分词11.现在完成进行时

(fortwohours/since5o’clockthismorning…)Ihavebeenwaitingforyousince5o’clockthismorning.12.过去完成进行时

(foralongtime/since1999…)

Howlonghaditbeenrainingbeforeyoushutthewindow?构成法:has/havebeen+动词现在分词构成法:hadbeen+动词现在分词现在完成时过去进行时状语从句的动词时态考查比例较大的几点历年高考题练习表示动作已经完成，强调过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果。一般过去时仅仅说明动作在过去，不强调对现在的影响。常与一些时间状语连用：如：already;yet;bythistime;just;ever;never;now;before;lately等。现在完成时

例一：---Where__you__thekey?I___ityet.A.did,put;didn’tfindB.did,put;haven’tfoundC.have,put;haven’tfoundD.have,put;didn’tfindB

例二：---Oh,it’syou!I____you.---I’vejusthadmyhaircutandI’mwearingnewglasses.didn’trecognizeB.hadn’trecognizedC.haven’trecognizedD.don’trecognizeA2.Itisthefirst/second…timethat从句。的从句中一般用现在完成时。另外：“Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句…”中，从句动词通常用过去时，主句用完成时。现在完成时

例三：---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.havegoneB3.有些瞬间性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。要连用时须用状态动词。成对的词有：Become/be;die/bedead;leave/beaway;jointhearmy/servethearmy…现在完成时

例四：NMET84年

She___Robertforayear.A.marriedB.marriedwithC.hasbeenmarryingD.hasbeenmarriedtoDMarry是瞬间性动作，不能和for+时间段的状语连用。要表示状态的用hasbeenmarriedtosb.“和某人结婚”是marrytosb.过去进行时1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。这一特定的时间可用时间状语连用。如：atthattime;at8o’clock;when…也可用上下暗示。

例五：

IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She___ataradioshopatthetime.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworkedB

例六：Shirley___abookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon’tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswritingD

例七：----Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!----Oh,I’mterriblysorry,______.I’mnotnoticingB.Iwasn’tnoticingC.Ihaven’tnoticedD.Idon’tnoticeB2.过去进行时常用于由when、while、as引导的时间状语从句中，表示背景，引出由一般过去时表示的新动作。或：过去进行时（表示背景）+when+一般过去时（新发生的动作）。此时when相当于atthattime;justthen.

例八：ThereportersaidthattheUFO___easttowestwhenhesawit.wastravellingB.travelledC.hadbeentravellingD.wastotravelA时间、条件、程度状语从句中动词的时态在once,incase,onconditionthat,if,unless,aslongas等词引导的条件状语从句，themoment,assoonas,when,before,after,until等词引导的时间状语从句，though,although,nomatter加疑问词以及疑问词与ever构成的合成词引出的让步状语从句中以及themore…themore

结构引导的程度状语从句中，当主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时表示将来时间。

例九：Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_____.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompletedD

例十：Ifit___tomorrow,thesportsmeetwillnotbeheld.A.rainsB.willrainC.goestorainD.shallrainA3.有部分动词(主要是短暂性动作动词)可以用进行时代替

将来时,即:用现在进行时代替一般将来时,用过去进行时代替过去将来时.

(也可用将来时)Areyoudoinganythingspecialthisevening?

=Areyougoingtodoanythingspecialthisevening?I’mafraidhe’s

dyingsoon.=I’mafraidhe’lldiesoon.IwastoldthatshewasleavingforNewYorkthenextday.=IwastoldshewouldleaveforNewYorkthenextday.4.在以下短语后面的从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时:

makesure,makecertain,seetoit,besure等.Pleaseseetoitthatallthewindowsareclosedbeforeleavingthelab.

5.凡是按预定时间表将要发生的动作也可用一般现在时代替一般将来时,例如:汽车、火车、轮船、飞机、上下课等.

(也可用一般将来时)Hisplanetakesoffat11:30.Let’shurryandseehimoff.6.含有always的谓语用现在进行时代替一般现在时,表示反感、反对、赞扬、欣赏等感情色彩.Sheisalwaysthrowingherthingsaround.总结性练习1.WhenIwasatcollegeI___threeforeignlanguages,butI

allexceptafewwordsofeach.A