【省公开课课件】阅读理解技巧(Reading skills)

阅读理解技巧

Readingskills

要求考生读懂公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：1.理解主旨要义2.理解文中具体信息3.根据上下文推断生词的词义4.作出简单判断和推测5.理解文章的基本结构6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度２０19年高考考试说明中关于阅读理解的要求：What’sNMETreadinglike?OnReadingSixTypesofQuestions(题型)MainIdeaDetailsReasoningWordGuessingViewpointsandAttitudes主旨大意题事实细节题推理判断题篇章结构题观点态度题Structure词义猜测题1.主旨大意型标题(besttitle）中心大意(mainidea)写作目的（purpose）常见问题提问形式有：Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?Thesubject/topicofthearticleis……Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?Whatdoesthepassage/authormainlydiscuss?What’sthemainpoint/mainidea/centralthoughtofthepassage?…OnReading标题的特点1、独特新颖2、涵盖性强3、短小精炼Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?Thebestheadlineforthisarticleis？

寻找主题句或主题段落注意频繁出现的词或句子没有主题句的要从全文大意来概括解题技巧：常见问题形式有：OnReadingTitleMainIdea干扰项：

属文中某个具体事实或细节；属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论；属非文章事实的主观臆断。正确答案：根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。OnReading1、文章目的：跟文章中心归纳一致。常用表达的句式：Whatisthepurposeofthisarticle?6、作者的写作目的：是作者写这篇文章的言外之意。常用的表达句式：What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthisarticle?Theauthorwritesthispassageinorderto…PurposeOnReading提醒：常常文章第一段的写作目的是引出话题每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确地表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。2.事实细节型

提问的特殊疑问词常有：what,who,which,where,how,why,etc.解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。OnReading1Whichofthefollowingstatement

is(not)true?2Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthetext?3Theauthor(orthepassage)statesthat___.4Accordingtothepassage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)___?5.…事实细节型命题方式OnReadingOnReading1.

Theword“...”refersto/probablymeans……2.Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby……3.Bysaying“…”,wemean……4.“…”,asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas……5.Theunderlinedphrase“…”isclosetinmeaningto…..?3.词义猜测型命题方式生活常识上下文对比转折因果关系同位关系同义词反义词构词法定义猜Howtoguessthemeaningofwords?OnReading词义猜测型Thepassageimplies(暗示)

that_______.

Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat_____.Wecaninfer/learnfromthepassagethat_____.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?Whatisthetone(语气)

oftheauthor?Thepassageisintendedto_____.4.推理判断型命题方式推理判断型考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。以原文内容为前提，透过现象看本质领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。小技巧：不选择照抄原文的选项不选事实细节选项选概括性/哲理性的选项OnReadingOnedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant，“Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches（蟑螂）

andtwospiders（蜘蛛）.”“Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor?”theshopassistantwasverysurprised.“Well，”repliedtheman，“I’mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit.”4Q：Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintotheapartment，itwas______.A.verycleanB.justcleanedbythelandlordC.tidyandcomfortableD.dirtyandfullofinsects1Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease——cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller,cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?1、主题句出现在开头。模式：总分（演绎法）即开门见山。新闻报道、说明文、议论文常用此方式。5.文章的基本结构2Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.

So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.２、主题句出现在结尾。模式：分总（归纳法）即先摆事实，后作结论。

3Ifyouwereplanningtobuyatelevisionset,thefollowingadvertisementwouldcertainlydrawyourattention:“ColorTV.Only＄79.Twodayssale.Hurry.”However,whenyougotothestorereadytobuy.Youmaydiscoverthattheyaresoldout.Buttheshopassistantisquicktotellyouthathehasanothermodel.Amuchbettersetwhichis“justrightforyou”Itcosts＄395.Thissalestrickiscalled“baitandswitch”.Buyersarebaitedwithasalesadvertisement,andthentheyareswitchedtoanothermoreexpensiveone.Buyingthingsonsaleneedscarefulconsiderationofthegoodsandthereasonforthesale.Theparagraphcouldbeentitled_________.A.BuyerBeware

B.Closeout(出清存货)SaleC.CrimePays

D.BuyingaTVSet

3、主题句出现在中间。模式：分总分（即通过导引部分引出主题再进行论述）。4.模式：总分总（U1Reading)

4.TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetail5、无主题句。题目要从整体文章中概括。要特别留意文章的事实和线索。TypesOfParagraphStructuresTypeThepositionofthetopicsentenceInformationwordsAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentenceforexample…so,therefore,…OnReadingdetailsParagraphideaspassageideaOnReading6.作者的观点、态度、倾向作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不决，对记叙文或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨等。常用的表达句式：（1）Theauthor’sattitudetowards…is（2）Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor’sattitude?（3）Theauthorgivestheimpressionthat…（4）Thewriterbelieves/implies(隐含)/suggeststhat…Example

Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews?AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿),anddeath.Frankly,Iamsickofallthisbadnews.Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto

.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.informAOnReading1.先看问题，再读文章：带着问题阅读短文，确定主攻方向，特别要注意首尾段和首尾句，把握文章的主题和脉胳，摘取有用的材料，舍弃无关的信息，有的放矢，高效省时。

2.细读全文，认真推敲：针对测试题的要求，细心阅读与问题有关的词汇、句子或段落，要特别留心一些关键信息词，它们既是测试的重点，又是把握全文意思的突破口，因此，必须准确判断，仔细斟酌，以便选出最佳答案。

3.回到文中原句，验证答案阅读理解的答题步骤及解题技巧绝对词否决法:答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项。这些语气词有:all,only，no,must,always,never,themost,haveto,any,very