【公开课课件】解语篇语法填空

解语篇语法填空

解语篇语法填空，要从“词、句、篇”三个层面去思考。（1）词汇层面方法1：做主语或宾语的名词或“形容词+名词”前无形容词性物主代词、不定代词等限定词时，根据上下文填冠词。【例1】Theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto______smalltownsome20kilometersawaywheretherewasagarage.【解析】a

第一次提到的可数名词单数前用不定冠词，表示“一个”。【例3】Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasn’ther,itwasprobablythefactthatshesatin______lastrow.【解析】the

特指最后一排，在序数词/最高级前，用定冠词。方法2：句子缺主语或宾语，空格后没有提示词，填词多为代词。【例4】Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult______wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.【解析】it

作宾语从句主语，替代动词不定式短语tochoose……。【例5】Shedidnothesitateforlong:althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease______.【解析】himpleasehim(使他高兴)，填代词；根据句意，此处指代herfather。【例6】Heaskedhisteacher,“Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike______?”【解析】it

指前面提到的“水(thewater)”。方法3：空格前已有主语，括号内是动词提示，空格需填谓语动词。【例7】He______(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.【解析】waspretending

由“andgiving”可确定，用过去进行时，构成并列谓语。【例8】Wheremencontrolthehousehold,lessmoney______(spend)onhealthcareandfood,whichresultsinpoorerhealthforchildren.【解析】isspentmoney与spend之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态，从句时态提示应用一般现在时。【例9】Oneday,Nickinvitedhisfriendstosupper.Hewascookingsomedeliciousfoodinthekitchen.Suddenly,he______(find)thathehasrunoutofsalt.【解析】found

主格代词he后应为谓语动词，由语境由Oneday和“invited”可知，用一般过去时。方法4：句中已有谓语动词且又无并列连词与括号内提示的动词并列，说明空格需填非谓语动词形式。【例10】Shewishedthathewasaseasy______(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume．【解析】toplease“be+形容词+todo”,

无需考虑其它的非谓语形式。此句式中常用主动形式表示被动含义。【例11】Filmhasamuchshorterhistory，especiallywhen______(compare)tosuchartformsasmusicandplanting.【解析】compared

本句是whenitiscomparedto…的省略。compare与逻辑主语film是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。【例12】Buteveryoneaddedalittle,always______(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.”【解析】thinking

因everyone与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。【例10】Shewishedthathewasaseasy______(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume．【解析】toplease“be+形容词+todo”,

无需考虑其它的非谓语形式。此句式中常用主动形式表示被动含义。【例11】Filmhasamuchshorterhistory，especiallywhen______(compare)tosuchartformsasmusicandplanting.【解析】compared

本句是whenitiscomparedto…的省略。compare与逻辑主语film是被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。【例12】Buteveryoneaddedalittle,always______(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.”【解析】thinking

因everyone与think是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作added的伴随状语。方法5：当括号内所提示的词是形容词或副词且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，很可能填比较级和最高级。【例13】Theteacherreplied,“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe______(sweet).”【解析】sweeter

句意是“什么也不会比这更甜”=这是世界上最甜的东西。【例14】IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment______(late)thatday.【解析】later

指那天晚些时候。【例15】Itmighthavemadeitalittle______(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround,butthatdidn’tstopthekidsintheclass.【解析】harder

句中alittle修饰比较级harder，表示“更难一点”作宾补。方法6：当“……（+限定词）+名词”或“……+代词/doing/从句”在句中不做主语或宾语时，通常填介词。【例16】Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman______thetrouble.【解析】forrewardsb.forsth.

表示“因……而酬谢/报答某人”。【例17】Hedidsothenextday.Hewasverytired______doingthisforawholeday.【解析】after/fromA.用介词after表示“在……之后”；B.betiredfromdoingsth.为“因做某事而累”。【例18】WhenJanegothome,withhersmallbutwell-chosenpresentinherbag,herparentswerealready______tablehavingsupper.【解析】atattable表示“在进餐”，是习惯搭配。（2）句子层面

方法1：连接两个功能对等的单词、短语或句子时，应填并列连词and，or，but，while,when等。

【例19】

Hewasverytiredfromdoingthisforawholeday,______hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.【解析】but

句中veryhappy与verytired是转折关系，两句间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词but。【例20】SoNickcalledtohisson,“Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceforit:neithertoomuch______toolittle.”【解析】nor

并列连词“neither…nor…”表示“既不…也不…”。【例21】Inthedayswhenanicecreamcostmuchless,Tom,an8-year-oldboy,enteredahotelcoffeeshop______satatatable.【解析】and

句中enteredahotelcoffeeshop和satatatable是主语发出的两个并列的动作。方法2：若判断连词所引导的从句起名词的作用（做主语/宾语/表语/同位语），则为名词性从句，根据引导名词性从句的连接词在从句成分和意义确定连词。【例22】Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedThatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto______shouldhavethehonorofreceivingmeasaguestintheirhouse.【解析】who

引导宾语从句且在从句中做主语，指人。【例23】

Oneday,hecameupwithanidea______hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.【解析】that

引导同位语从句，说明idea的具体内容，从句意义完整且不缺句子成分。【例24】Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswondered______theboywoulddo.

【解析】what

引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语。方法3：若判断连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用（做定语），则为定语从句，根据引导定语从句的先行词和关系词在从句中的成分确定关系代词或者关系副词。关系代词在从句做主语和宾语，做状语用关系副词（可转换为介词+关系代词）。【例25】Janepausedinfrontofacounter______someattractivetieswereondisplay.【解析】where

句子+句子，中间必填连接词；后句修饰前句，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。【例26】

Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder______hadbeenhisteacher.【解析】who/that

代替anelder，引导定语从句并在从句中做主语。【例27】Behindhimwereotherpeopleto______hewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutestheywalkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyed.【解析】whom

还原talktosb.可知，用whom引导定语从句。方法4：若判断连词所引导的从句起副词的作用（做状语），则为状语从句，再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或者从属连词在从句中的作用和意义，来确定合适的连词。【例28】Weunderstandthislessonbest______wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.【解析】when

引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时”。【例29】Myfriendswalkedmetothebusstopa