英语句子结构精华版

句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分：主要成分：主语和谓语次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语

㈠主语（subject）

句子说明的人或事物

Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）（句子）找出句中主语Thesunrisesintheeast.

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.

Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Seeingisbelieving.

Toseeistobelieve.

Helikesdancing.

Whatheneedsisabook.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（名词）

（代词）（数词）（动名词）

（不定式）（句子）(名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）㈡谓语

说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancingShowyourpassport,please.Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.Theyaskedtoseemypassport.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（名词）

(

代词）(数词)(名词化的形容词)(三)宾语

动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（动名词）（句子）宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.一)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.（四）表语在系动词后的部分就是表语Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：

Heisateacher.2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,

例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

注意：系动词（Linkingverb)不用于被动语态。

4）感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表达"结果是;证明是"，之意，例如：

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

(二)挑出下列句中的表语--Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.--Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.--SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.（五）定语

修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句

Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)定语后置：如果定语是由一个单词表示时，通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejust

now?(三)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!

（六）状语

状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.(五)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑤Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑥Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑦

ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.（六）宾语补足语

有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.

Sheaskedmetolendherahand.(四)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.

Isawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewasseenplayingneartheriver.Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam→Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam

Wemadehimmonitor.→Hewasmade

monitor.Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.同位语位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况

Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.Heistheoldestamongthemfour.Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthe

game.名词代词数词从句基本句型主语+谓语（不及物动词）主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾补基本句型一主谓SVShecooksHeisworkingWhathesaiddoesnotmatter.Thepenwritessmoothly.基本句型二主系表S VPHeishappy.Everythinglooksnice.Hisfaceturnedred.基本句型三主谓宾SVOWeTheyHeShestudyareplayingenjoyssaidEnglisheveryday.football.reading.“Goodmorning.”基本句型四SV（及物）OOIgivehimabook.Mymotherboughtmeapenyesterday.Ishowedhimmypicture.基本句型五SV（及物）O(宾语)C（宾补）Wemustkeepthedooropen.Thenewsmakesmehappy.WecallhimJim.Hetoldmetowashtheplates.Isawathiefgoingintoyourroom.Exercises:分析句子结构1）Youareastudent.2）Hefelthappytoday.3）Whatyousaidmademehappy.4）CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?5）Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.6）Helikespopmusic.7）Thesoundsoundsstrange.8）Thefoodtastesgood.9）Hegavemeabookyesterday.

10）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.划分句子成分Youwill