【课件】高中英语必修三Book3-Unit4-astronomy-warming-up-reading

Unit4

Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsHowmuchdoyouknowabouttheuniverse?Thinkaboutthesequestionsandthendiscussthemwithyourpartner.Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun.Whatarethey?Canyoumatchthenameswiththeplanets?solarsystem太阳系Mercury(水星)Venus(金星)Mars(火星)Jupiter(木星)Uranus(天王星)Neptune(海王星)Earth(地球)Saturn(土星)MyVeryExcellentMotherJustSentUs

NinePizzasHowtoremembertheorderoftheeightplanetsaroundthesun?EarthJupiterMarsMercuryNeptuneSaturnUranusVenus水星最接近太阳，是太阳系中第二小行星。水星的英文名字Mercury来自罗马神墨丘利。墨丘利也就是希腊神话中的Hermes。或许由于水星在空中移动得快，才使它得到这个名字。

金星是离太阳第二近，太阳系中第六大行星。古希腊人称之为Aphrodite(阿芙罗狄蒂)，是希腊神话中爱与美的女神。而在罗马神话中爱与美的女神是维纳斯—Venus，因此金星也称做“维纳斯”。

地球是距太阳第三颗，它是太阳系类地行星中最大的一颗，也是太阳系第五大行星，行星年龄估计大约有45亿年(4.5×109)。地球是唯一一个不是从希腊或罗马神中得到的名字。Earth一词来自于古英语及日耳曼语。这里当然有许多其他语言的命名。在罗马神话中，地球女神叫Tellus－肥沃的土地。

火星为距太阳第四远，也是太阳系中第七大行星。因为火星在夜空中看起来是血红色的，所以在西方，以罗马神话中的战神Mars命名它。

木星是离太阳第五颗行星，而且是最大的一颗。木星是天空中第四亮的物体。木星是自转最快的行星。在西方称它为朱庇特—Jupiter，是罗马神话中的众神之王，相当于希腊神话中的宙斯（Zeus）。

土星是离太阳第六远的行星。是太阳系中仅次于木星的第二大行星。中国古代称之为镇星或填星。土星的英文名字Saturn（以及其他绝大部分欧洲语言中的土星名称）是以罗马神的农神萨杜恩命名的。希腊神话中的农神Cronus是Uranus（天王星）和该亚的儿子，也是宙斯的父亲。

天王星是太阳系中离太阳第七远行星，颜色为灰蓝色，是一颗巨型气体行星(GasGiant)。以直径计算，天王星是太阳系第三大行星；天王星的命名，是取自希腊神话的天神乌拉诺斯—Uranus。乌拉诺斯是古希腊神话中的宇宙之神，是最早的至高无上的神。他是该亚的儿子兼配偶，是Cronus（农神土星）、独眼巨人和泰坦（奥林匹斯山神的前辈）的父亲。

海王星为太阳系九大行星中的第八个，是一个巨行星。海王星。目前海王星是太阳系内离太阳第二远的行星。海王星的名字是罗马神话中的海神涅普顿（Neptune）。古希腊神话中海神叫波塞冬(Poseidon)。

Whatinterestsyouinastronomy?Doyouknowanyquestionsthatastronomersareinterestedin?Aristotle亚里斯多德Metaphysics(宇宙哲学)张衡(78AD-139AD),earliestastronomerinChinaLaterHanDynastySeismography地震仪InventedseismographyandtheArmillarySphere(浑天仪)soastoobservetheuniverseandpredictearthquake

Galileo伽利略Galileomadeaseriesofprofounddiscoveriesusinghisnewtelescope,includingthemoonsoftheplanetJupiterandthephasesoftheplanetVenus(similartothoseofEarth’smoon).Copernicus哥白尼sun-centeredorheliocentric(以太阳为中心)theoryIsaacNewton,牛顿1642—1727

Universalgravitation万有引力gravity地心引力,重力Einstein,Albert(1879-1955)爱因斯坦Relativity(相对论)andtheCosmos(宇宙)Thetheoryaboutblackholes(黑洞理论)霍金Black

holesSatellites卫星Spaceflights(太空飞行)Cheer

up

FloatWeightlessCarbin1.Doyouknowtheoriginoflife

onearth?

2.

Eachreligionorculturehasits

ownideasabouthowlifebegan

onearth.

InChineseculture…____________separates(分)thesky

fromtheearth.Pangu盘古skyearth_____________madehumanbeings.Nuwa(女娲)Inwesterncountries:

______________created

theworldandall

livingthings.God(上帝)Day1:GodspokeandseparatedlightfromdarknesscreatingDayandNightDay2:GodspokeandseparatedthewatercreatingskyandoceanDay3:GodspokeandcreateddrylandTheBiblicalAccountDay4:Godspokeandcreatedthesun,moonandstarsDay5:GodspokeandcreatedlivingcreaturesintheairandseaDay6:GodspokeandcreatedthelandanimalsandmanDay7:GodrestedandblessedthisdaycallingitHolyUnit4HowLifeBeganontheEarthTheBigBang

BigBangAsolidballAtmosphereTheearth地球大气Theearth’satmospherenitrogenoxygendioxidecarbonvapour

Itwasfullofwater.Originalcells.Thecellsinthewaterbegantoseparate.waterPlantsinthe waterShellfishandfishPlantson landInsectsandamphibiansReptilesDinosaursMammalsManhadevolvedfromapes.1.Whywastheearthdifferentfromotherplanets?A.Itproducedalotofheat.B.Thewaterremained.C.Thewaterdisappeared.D.Itwastheoldestplanet.Choosethebestanswer.BFastReading2.Whywaslifeabletodevelopontheearthbutnotonotherplanets?A.Theearthhadasolidshape.B.Theearthdidnothaveharmfulgasesinitsatmosphere.C.Thewaterstayedontheearthbutnotonotherplanets.D.Theearthwasnottoohotandnottoocold.C3.Whywasitnecessaryforplantstogrowbeforeanimals?A.Animalsneededplantstoprotectthemfromthesun.B.Plantsprovidedoxygenforanimalstobreathe.C.Animalscouldhidefromhuntersintheforest.D.Itwaseasierforplantstogrow.B4.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat___.A.after“BigBang”,whatthedustwastobecomeremainedamysteryB.plantsappearedbeforetheanimalsC.plantsmultipliedandfilledtheoceanswithoxygenD.plantsplayedanimportantpartintheappearanceoftheanimalsD

Awidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverse

Theformationoftheearth

Theimportanceofwaterforlife

Thedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearth

ThearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearthPara.1Para.2Para.3Para.4Para.5Themainideaforeachparagraph.CarefulReadingPuttheeventsintoatimeline.1.Insectsandamphibiansappeared.3.Theearthbecameasolidball.5.Reptilesappeared.7.Theearthwasacloudofdust.9.Shellfishandotherfishappeared.11.Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.Keys:1073849615212112.Dinosaursappeared.4.Smallplantsgrewonthewater.6.Plantsbegantogrowondryland.8.Waterappearedontheearth.10.Theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”.12.Mammalsappeared.CombineintoExplodewithfireandrockdissolveharmfulgases

BigBangEnergeticdustaviolentsolidballAtmosphereWateroceansandseasCooldownFinishthefollowingform.Para

1-3A

cloud

of

energetic

dust

AsolidballAtmosphere

Aworldfullofwater4132CombineintoExplodewithfireandrockdissolveharmfulgases

Cooldownwatergreenplantsonland234HowlifebeganontheearthAnalysing5678forestsshellfishandallsortsoffishinsects(onland)amphibians(onlandandinwater)

reptiles(onland) dinosaurs(onland) mammals(onland)smallcleveranimalswithhandsandfeet human

smallplantsinwater1arrivalofsmallplantsinwaterearly

shellfishplantsanimals

allsortsoffishearlyshellfishAfew

kindsmany

kindsPlantsinthewaterPlantsonlandwaterlandinsectsdinosaurs

simplecomplex

Fillintheblanks.

Thearrivalof___________encouragedthe____________ofearly________________________.Manymillionsofyearslater__________________begantoappear_________.Later____________appeared.Somewere________.Otherscalled__________,wereabletoliveonlandswellas__________.Whentheplantsgrewintoforests,_________appearedforthefirsttime.Aftertheydisappeared,_________becamemoreimportant.Theywerethelastgroupofanimalsdifferentfrombecausethey_________milkfromwithintheirbodies.development

shellfishandallsortsoffish

on

land

land

animalsamphibians

dinosaurs

mammals

produced

small

plants

thefirstgreenplants

insects

in

the

seaLanguagepoints1.Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwas

notclear

whether

theshapewouldlastornot.1)violent

猛烈的,激烈的2)whether可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句;而if只能引导宾语从句。

引导宾语从句既可以用whether,也可以用if。Couldyoutelluswhether/ifitsnowsinwinterinAustralia?2.Theywereintimetoproduce…intime

及时;终于Thedoctorcameintime

tosaveherlife.医生及时赶来救了她的命。注意:

intime还有“过些时候;最后”之意。You’llgetusedtoitin

time.过些时候你会习惯它的。Don’tworry.I’msurethingswillgetbetterintime.

别着急,我肯定过些时候事情会好转的。与time相关的短语:

innotime

立刻,马上

at

times

有时

at

atime

每次;依次

once

upon

atime

从前

on

time

按时;准时

at

one

time

从前

for

the

time

being

暂时

from

time

to

time

不时地3.atmospheren.大气层;气氛Anatmosphereoftensionfilledtheroom.屋子里笼罩着紧张的气氛。Theatmosphereoverdinnerwaswarmandfriendly.用餐时洋溢着热情友好的气氛。注意:指“大气层”时,常用theatmosphere;

指“气氛”时,常使用单数形式。4.….astheearthcooled

down,waterbegantoappear

onitssurface.

随着地球的冷却,地球的表面就开始出现了水。1)cooldown变凉,冷却2)appear

“出现,似乎”是不及物动词当表示“似乎，好像”时是系动词,该词无被动语态。

OurteacherappearedonTVthismorning.Sheisfiftybutsheappearsyoung.她五十岁了,但看起来很年轻。5.…bylayingeggs.放,把……放在……；产卵

Helaidhisbooksonthedesk.注意:说谎lieliedlied躺；位于lielaylain下蛋；搁放laylaidlaid

口诀：规则的说谎,不规则的躺，躺过就下蛋，下蛋不规则。Thenaughtyboy____tomethatthehenthat____therejustnowhad____twoeggsthedaybefore.A.laid;laid;laidB.laid;lay;lainC.lied;laid;lainD.lied;lay;laidD6.givebirthto1)生(孩子)

She’sjustgivenbirthtoahealthybabygirl.她刚刚生了个健康的女婴。2)产生Theextraordinaryexperience

gavebirthto

hislatestnovel.这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新的一部小说的诞生。7.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,which

preventsheat

from

escapingfromtheearthintospace.他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这就使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中去。preventsth./sb.(from)doingsth.

制止(防止)某人(某物)做某事Nothingcan

prevent

thisplanfrombeingcarriedout.注意:keepsb.fromdoingsth.中from不可省略,prevent/stopsb.fromdoingsth.中的from可省，但如在被动语态中,他们中的from都不可省。Itriedto

keep

him

from

waiting

forher.我试图叫他不要再等她了。Itriedto

keep

him

waiting

forher.我试图让他等她。8.…theearthmaybecome

toohot

to

liveon.地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物的生存。有关too的一些用法。1)

too作“太”讲。

Thereis

too

muchwater.水太多了。2)

“too＋adj.＋to”,

有两种意义,一种为“太……以至(不)……”,Thequestionis

too

hardto

understand.问题太难,理解不了。3)

“only/all/not/but＋too＋adj.＋to”,

后面的动词不定式在翻译时不必加否定词。only等与too连用等于very(非常)。Ishallbe

onlytoo

pleasedto

hearfromyoufurther.我非常欢迎你再来信。Theyare

but

too

glad

to

doso.他们非常喜欢这么做。Weare

only

too

pleasedto

worktogetherwiththeworkers.我们和工人们一起劳动,非常高兴。4)

“cannot／cannever...too”,

表示“无论怎样……也不会过分”。

You

cannot

praisehim

toohighly.你无论怎样表扬他也不过分。5)当too用于数量增减时,表示“过(多、少、长等)”的意思。Hehasgivenmesix

too

many.

他多给了我六个。

--Areyougoingtothefootballgame?--No.Theticketsare_____expensiveforme.A.verymuchB.fartooC.highlyD.somuch解析:“too+形容词+forsb.”表示“太……”,far可置于too前表示程度。B9.…whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.

在未来的千百万年中,生命能否在地球上延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。

depend

vi.

相信，信赖；依靠，依赖(尤指钱)；视……而定。

YoucandependonJohn—heisalwaysontime.

你可以相信约翰,他总是很准时。相关短语：believesb.

相信某人(所说的话)believeinsb.信任/信赖某人trust(in)

sb.

相信/信任/信赖某人dependoncountonsb.relyon

信任/相信/依赖/依靠某人Tellhimwhatyouwanttosay;he’samanto_____.A.countB.believeC.trustD.depend解析:相信/信赖某人:countonsb./believeinsb./dependonsb./trust(in)sb.CUnit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsLearningaboutlanguagepresentpresenceviolentconfidentdifferentpatientviolence

confidencedifferencepatience1Usethecorrectprefixorsuffixforeachword.Writeoutthenewwordandexplainthedifferencebetweenthetwo.Discoveringusefulwordsandexpressionscertainfairpaidlikekindunkinduncertainunfairunpaidunlikecultureglobeuniverseagriculturemathematicsmathematicalculturalglobaluniversalagriculturalartphysicschemistrybiologysciencescientistartistphysicistchemistbiologist1.Atthebeginning,theearthhadno____.A.dustB.atomsC.waterD.matter2.Thedevelopmentofaplanetgenerallydependson____combiningtogether.A.atomsB.rocksC.gasesD.waterCA2Choosesthecorrectwordtofillineachoftheseblanks.3.The____ofmammalshappenedafterthedisappearanceofthedinosaurs.A.harmfulB.systemC.spreadD.method4.Mammals___whentheanimalsthatwereharmfultothemdisappeared