高考冲刺英语阅读理解课堂练（14）答案解析

2020高考英语：阅读理解课堂练（14）PassageTwenty--Seven(TheMostImportantofAllHumanQualitiesisaSenseofHumor)Biologically,thereisonlyonequalitywhichdistinguishesusfromanimals:theabilitytolaugh.Inauniversewhichappearstobeutterlydevoidofhumor,weenjoythissupremeluxury.Anditisaluxury,forunlikeanyotherbodilyprocess,laughterdoesnotseemtoserveabiologicallyusefulpurpose.Inadivideworld,laughterisaunifyingforce.Humanbeingsopposeeachotheronagreatmanyissues.Nationsmaydisagreeaboutsystemsofgovernmentandhumanrelationsmaybeplaguedbyideologicalfactionsandpoliticalcamps,butweallsharetheabilitytolaugh.Andlaughter,inturn,dependsonthatmostcomplexandsubtleofallhumanqualities:asenseofhumorcertaincomicstereotypeshaveauniversalappeal.Thiscanbestbeseenfromtheworld-widepopularityofCharlieChaplin’searlyfilms.Thelittlemanatoddswithsocietyneverfailstoamusenomatterwhichcountrywecomefrom.Asthatgreatcommentatoronhumanaffairs,Dr.SamuelJohnson,onceremarked,‘Menhavebeenwiseinverydifferentmodes;buttheyhavealwayslaughedinthesameway.’

Asenseofhumormaytakevariousformsandlaughtermaybeanythingfromarefinedtingletoanearthquakingroar,buttheeffectisalwaysthesame.Humorhelpsustomaintainacorrectsenseofvalues.Itistheonequalitywhichpoliticalfanaticsappeartolack.Ifwecanseethefunnyside,wenevermakethemistakeoftakingourselvestooseriously.Wearealwaysremindedthattragedyisnotreallyfarremovedfromcomedy,sowenevergetalopsidedviewofthings.

Thisisoneofthechieffunctionsofsatireandirony.Humanpainandsufferingaresogrim;wehoversooftenonthebrinkofwar;politicalrealitiesareusuallyenoughtoplungeusintototaldespair.Insuchcircumstances,cartoonsandsatiricalaccountsofsomberpoliticaleventsredressthebalance.Theytakethewindoutofpompousandarrogantpoliticianswhohavelosttheirsenseofproportion.Theyenableustoseethatmanyofourmostprofoundactionsaremerelycomicorabsurd.WelaughwhenagreatsatiristlikeSwiftwritesaboutwarinGulliver’sTravels.

TheLilliputiansandtheirneighborsattackeachotherbecausetheycan’tagreewhichendtobreakanegg.Welaughbecausewemeanttolaugh;butwearemeanttoweeptoo.Itistoopowerfulaweapontobeallowedtoflourish.

Thesenseofhumormustbesingledoutasman’smostimportantqualitybecauseitisassociatedwithlaughter.Andlaughter,inturn,isassociatedwithhappiness.Courage,determination,initiative–thesearequalitieswesharewithotherformsoflife.Butthesenseofhumorisuniquelyhuman.Ifhappinessisoneofthegreatgoalsoflife,thenitisthesenseofhumorthatprovidesthekey.1.Themostimportantofallhumanqualitiesis_______.A.asenseofhumor.B.Asenseofsatire.C.Asenseoflaughter.D.Asenseofhistory.2.TheauthormentionsaboutCharlieChaplin’searlyfilmsbecause_______.A.theycanamusepeople.B.Humanbeingsaredifferentfromanimals.C.Theyshowthatcertaincomicstereotypeshaveauniversalappeal.D.Theyshowthatpeoplehavethesameabilitytolaugh.3.Oneofthechieffunctionsofironyandsatireis_______.showabsurdityofactions.B.toredressbalance.takethewindoutofpoliticians.showtoomuchgrimnessintheworld.4.Whatdowelearnfromthesentence‘itistoopowerfulaweapontobeallowedtoflourishintotalitarianregimes?’A.Itcanrevealthetruthofpoliticaleventswithsatire.B.Itcanarousepeopletoriot.C.Itshowstragedyandcomedyarerelated.D.Itcanmakepeoplelaugh.5.WhoisSwift?A.Anovelist.B.Apoet.C.Adramatist.D.Anessayist.Vocabulary

没有，缺乏

n.瘟疫，惹人烦恼的人和事v.给……造成麻烦，痛苦，困难

派别stereotype

可笑/滑稽的模式

（集注）作者，评论员，解说员

n.一连串的丁零声，电话声，v.使发出丁零声

狂热者（尤指宗教、政治的狂热）

不均匀的

翱翔，盘旋；彷徨

低沉的，暗淡的，严峻的

纠正，补偿

自大的，浮夸的

傲慢的

均衡，匀称，平衡，比例

微型的，极小的，源自《格列佛游记》中的小人国里的人

极权主义的

政体，政权，统治方式或制度难句译注adividedworld,laughterisaunifyingforce.【参考译文】在分裂的世界中，笑是一种促成一致（团结）的力量。2.Humanrelationsmaybeplaguedbyideologicalfactionsandpoliticalcamps,【参考译文】人际关系可能因思想意识派别和政治阵营的不同而受侵扰。3.Certaincomicstereotypeshaveauniversalappeal.【参考译文】某些滑稽的模式具有全球性的效果。4.CharlieChaplin查理•卓别林1889-1977，英国讽刺滑稽剧及电影演员，导演及制片人。5.Atoddswithsociety和社会格格不入。6.

Dr.SamuelJohnson撒缪尔•约翰生，1709-1784，英国辞典编撰者及作家。7.Asenseofhumormaytakevariousformsandlaughtermaybeanythingfromarefinedtinkletoanearthquakingroar.【参考译文】幽默感表现的方式多种多样，笑也许是银铃般优雅轻笑，也许是震耳欲聋的放声大笑。8.Ifwecanseethefunnyside,wenevermakethemistakeoftakingourselvestooseriously.【参考译文】如果我们能见到可笑的一面，我们就不会犯这种错误：对自己看得过重（自以为了不起）。9.Wearealwaysremindedthattragedyisnotreallyfarremovedfromcomedy,sowenevergetalop-sidedviewofthings.【参考译文】我们会经常提醒自己祸兮福所伏（悲剧离喜剧实际并不遥远），那我们决不会偏执一词地看事物。10.Takethewindoutofsb’ssails使某人气馁或泄气。11.SwiftJonathanswift乔纳森•思维福特1667-1745，英国作家，生于都柏林，曾获牛津大学硕士，三一学院神学博士学位，1688年到英国，后加入英国国教会。他同情英国统治下的爱尔兰人民，积极参加他们为争取自由和民族独立的斗争。他以政治讽刺文著世，其文笔犀利、讽刺尖锐、文章推理严密，用词简洁、语言朴实清晰，被认为是英语的典范，《格列佛游记》是他的代表作之一。12.Welaughbecausewearemeanttolaugh;butwearemeanttoweeptoo.【结构简析】meantodo是打算或注定要……，一般用于被动。【参考译文】我们笑是因为想笑，可是我们也想哭。是指小人国和邻国仅仅为打鸡蛋一类小事而打仗可笑，确实也是可悲。作者结合现实指出是人类悲剧之所在。写作方法与文章大意

文章以部部深入，一般到具体的写作手法论及笑是人类特有的功能。

形式多种、效果一样。天下人有各种观点、制度、人际关系，对滑稽的东西都会报之以笑――一种一致的力量。

笑基于幽默感，有了它，人们会乐观、愉快、轻松，不偏不倚地对待一切，悲剧中寓以喜剧，幽默感又是人类开启幸福之门的钥匙。

论及的同时作者佐以例子，卓别林的早期电影，《格列佛游记》中的小人国战争等。答案详解1.A幽默感。文章一开始就提出人类有别于动物是人有笑的功能，世界纷争繁杂、人际关系因意识观点差异而对峙，国家制度不一，但人们都能笑。笑基于人类最复杂而又微妙的品质――幽默感。反过来说没有幽默感的人恐怕难以笑。第二段正式指出：幽默感表现形式多种多样，而笑可由微笑到狂笑种种，但其效果相同，幽默感有助于我们保持正确的价值观。这是政治狂热者所缺乏的特征。如果我们能看见滑稽可笑的一面，我们就不会犯过于看重自己的错误。我们总会记得悲剧离喜剧不愿，因此，我们不会有偏重某一测的观点。第四段画龙点睛的指出幽默是人类最重要的特征，因为它和笑声结合在一起。而笑又是和幸福联系在一起。勇气、决心、创造力特征，我们和其他生命形式共享，而幽默感是人类所独有的。如果幸福是我们生活的伟大目标，那幽默感就是开启幸福的钥匙。B.讽刺感。这是第三段讲的内容，讽刺的功能，但不是人类最重要的特征。C.笑感。D.历史观点。2.C作者提卓别林的电影的目的是证明某些喜剧模式对全世界都有吸引力。A.它可以取悦任何人。B.人类和动物不同。D.证明人有同样笑的功能。3.B使各种事情重新相等和均衡。第三段着重讲了这一点。人类在痛苦中挣扎，常处于战争的边缘。政治实现令人绝望，在这种处境中，对某些政治事物的讽刺挖苦和漫画可以使各种心理重新平衡，可使失去均衡感的政客地下高傲头颅；可使我看见许多深邃的事情荒谬可笑。A.表现行为的荒唐。C.使政治家气馁。D.表现世界上太多的令人沮丧之事。4.A它可以以讽刺的手法解释政治时间的真相。B.这可促使人民暴动。C.它表示了悲剧和喜剧相联系。D.它能使人哭。5.A小说家。B.诗人。C.戏剧家。D.散文家。2020高考英语：阅读理解课堂练（11）PassageTwenty--OneEight(TheImprovingEconomicSituationInGreece)

Greece,economically,isintheblack.Withverylittletoexportotherthansuchfarmproductsastobacco,cottonandfruit,thecountryearnsenoughfrom‘invisibleearnings’topayforitsneeded,growingimports.FromthesendingoutofthingstheGreeks,earnonly$285million;fromtourism,shippingandtheremittancesofGreeksabroad,thecountrytakesinanadditional#375millionandthiswashesoutthealmost$400millionbywhichimportsexceedexports.

Ithasabalancedbudget.Althoughmorethanonedrachmaoutoffourgoesfordefense,thegovernmentendedarecentyearwithaslightsurplus--$66million.Greecehasadecentreserveofalmostathirdofabilliondollarsingoldandforeignexchange.Ithasagovernmentnotdependentoncoalescingincompatiblepartiestoobtainparliamentarymajorities.

Inthussummarizingafewhappyhighlights,Idon’tmeantominimizethevastextentofGreece’sproblems.ItisthepoorestcountrybyawidemargininFreeEurope,andpovertyiswidespread.Atbestanannualincomeof$60to$70isthelotofmanyapeasant,andsubstantialunemploymentplaguesthecountryside,cities,andtownsofGreece.Therearefewnaturalresourcesonwhichtobuildanysubstantialindustrialbase.SomeyearsagoIwrotehere:

“GreekstatesmanshipwillhavetocreateanatmosphereinwhichhomeandforeignsavingswillwillinglyseekinvestmentopportunitiesinthebackwardeconomyofGreece.Sofar,mostAmericanandotherforeignattempthaveboggeddownintheGreekgovernment’sredtapeandshrewdnessaboutsmallpoints.”

Greatstrideshavebeenmade.Asfarbackas1956,expandingtourismseemedalogicalwaytobringneededforeigncurrenciesandadditionaljobstoGreece.AtthattimeItalkedwiththeHiltonHotelpeople,whohadbeenexamininghotelpossibilities,andtotheGreekgovernmentdivisionresponsibleforthisareaoftheeconomy.Theywerehopelesslydeadlockedinalmosttotaldifferencesofopinionandoutlook.

Todaymostoftheincrediblyvaried,beautiful,historicalsightsofGreecehavenew,ifinmanycasesmodest,touristfacilities.Tourismitselfhasjumpedfromapproximately$31milliontoover$90million.ThereisbothamagnificentnewHiltonHotelinAthensandacompletelymodernized,greatlyexpandedGrandeBretagne,aswellasotherfirst-ratenewhotels.AndtheadventofjetshasmadeAthensasaccessibleasParisorRome–withoutthesky-highpricesoftraffic-chokedstreetsofeither.1.Thetitlebelowthatbestexpressestheideasofthispassageis_______.A.Greekincomeandexpenditures.B.TheimprovingeconomicsituationinGreece.C.Thevalueoftourism.D.Militaryexpenditures.2.Manypeasantsearnlessthan_______.A.$60aweek.B.$2aweek.C.$1aday.D.$10amonth.3.TheGreekGovernmentspends_______.A.morethan25%ofitsbudgetonmilitaryterms.B.Morethanitscollects.C.Athirdofabilliondollarsingold.D.Lessthan25%ofitsbudgetonmilitaryterms.4.Accordingtothepassage,Greecehas_______.A.adictatorship.B.amonarchy.C.asinglemajorityparty.D.toomuchredtape.5.GreeceimportsannuallygoodsandmaterialsA.totalingalmost$700million.B.thatbalanceexports.C.thatarepaidbytourists.D.costing$66million.Vocabulary

汇款（额）out

洗掉，取消、告吹、冲掉、筋疲力尽

古希腊银币

德拉克马（现代希腊货币单位）

份额

水火不相容的，不能共存的

（政党）联合，愈合，接合

光线最强处，最重要部分，最精彩场面

（成本和售价的）差额，空白，边缘down

陷于困境，使停顿tape

官样文章，烦琐和拖拉的公务程序

清明，机灵

僵局，僵持；使陷于僵局难句译注Greece,economicallyisintheblack.【参考译文】希腊经济上说是赢利/富裕的2.Withverylittleexportotherthansuchfarmproductsastobacco,cottonandfruit,thecountryearnsenoughfrominvisibleearningstopayitsneeded,growingimports.【参考译文】除了农产品，如烟草、棉花和水果之外，希腊没有什么出口货，但它从“无形的收益”中挣不少，足够致富所需的一切――日益增长的进口货。3.Thiswashesoutalmost$400millionbywhichimportsexceedexports.【参考译文】这笔钱冲掉了进口超过出口近4亿美元的差额。4.SofarmostAmericanandotherforeignattemptshaveboggeddownintheGreekgovernment’sredtapeandshrewdnessaboutsmallpoints.【参考译