【三维设计】高考英语一轮复习 专题讲座课件 北师大选修8

阅读理解之词义猜测题以例说法专题讲座命题分析阅读理解之词义猜测题技法指导阅读中有生词是难免的，而利用文章所提供的语境去推测生词的意义是阅读的必备技能之一。词义猜测题是高考必考的题型，一般占阅读理解总题量的10%左右。所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。常见的命题方式：Thephrase“...”couldbereplacedby________.Theword“...”intheparagraphrefersto________.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph？/Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“...”？Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“...”？词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：(1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所

以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑

的推测。(2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往

往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利

用它们猜词义较容易。(3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转

折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短

语表达出来，如but,or,however,so,because等。(4)利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的

意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。(2011·浙江高考，A篇)OneeveninginFebruary2007,astudentnamedPaulaCeelybroughthercartoastoponaremoteroadinWales.Shegotouttoopenametalgatethatblockedherpath.That'swhensheheardthewhistlesoundedbythedriverofatrain.HerRenaultCliowasparkedacrossarailwayline.Secondslater,shewatchedthetraindraghercaralmostakilometredowntherailwaytracks.Ceely's

madethenewsbecausesheblameditonherGPSdevice(导航仪).Shehadneverdriventheroutebefore.Itwasdarkandrainingheavily.CeelywasrelyingonherGPS,butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.“Iputmycompletetrustinthedeviceanditledmerightintothepathofaspeedingtrain，”shetoldtheBBC.nearmissWhoistoblamehere?RickStevenson,whotellsCeely'sstoryinhisbookWhen

Machines

Fail

Us,pointsthefingeratthelimitationsoftechnology.Weputourfaithindigitaldevices,hesays,butourdigitalhelpersaretoooftennotuptothejob.Theyarefilledwithsmallproblems.Andit'snotjustGPSdevices:Stevensontakesusonatourofdigitaldisastersinvolvingeverythingfrommobilephonestowirelesskey­boards.Theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit'snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesondigitaltechnology,whiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses.Amap­makermighthaveleftthecrossingoffapapermap.MaybeweshouldblameCeelyfornotpayingattention.Perhapstherailwayauthoritiesareatfaultforpoorsignallingsystem.OrmaybesomeonehasstudiedtherelativedangersandworkedoutthattherereallyissomethingspecificwrongwiththeGPSequipment.ButStevensondoesn'tsay.It'saproblemthatrunsthroughthebook.Inasectiononcars,Stevensongivesanaccountoftheadvancedtechniquesthatcriminalsusetodefeatcomputer­­basedlockingsystemsforcars.Heofferstwoindependentsetsoffiguresoncartheft;bothshowasmallriseinsomepartsofthecountry.Hesaysthatonceagainnotallnewlockshaveprovedreliable.Perhaps,butmaybeit'salsoduetotheshortageofpolicemenonthestreets.Orchangingsocialcircumstances.Orsomecombinationofthesefactors.Thegamebetweenhumansandtheirsmartdevicesisamusingandcomplex.Itisshapedbyeconomicsandpsychologyandthecultureswelivein.Somewhereinthemixofthoseforcestheremaybeawayforawiseruseoftechnology.Ifthereissuchaway,itshouldinvolvemorethanjustanawarenessoftheshortcomingsofourmachines.Afterall,wehavelivedwiththemforthousandsofyears.Theyhaveprobablybeenfoolingusforjustaslong.语篇篇解解读读：：随着着时时代代的的发发展展，，科科技技越越来来越越先先进进，，人人类类也也越越来来越越依依赖赖科科技技，，但但有有时时候候科科技技也也会会给给人人们们带带来来麻麻烦烦，，文文章章中中作作者者将将会会告告诉诉我我们们什什么么呢呢？？让让我我们们去去了了解解一一下下吧吧！！41．WhatdidPaulaCeelythinkwasthecauseofheraccident？()A．Shewasnotfamiliarwiththeroad.B．Itwasdarkandrainingheavilythen.C．Therailwayworkersfailedtogivethesignal.D．HerGPSdevicedidn'ttellheraboutthecrossing.提示：推理判断题。。利用要诀3跳读查找法与与要诀5中的排除法相相结合。解析：从文章第二段段sheblameditonherGPSdevice;CeelywasrelyingonherGPS,butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.“I...train，”shetoldtheBBC.可以看出，Ceely怪罪的是这个个导航仪没有有给她提示出出这个铁路道道口的存在。。答案：D42．Thephrase““nearmiss”(Paragraph2)canbestbereplacedby________.A．closehitB．heavylossC．narrowescapeD．bigmistake提示：词义猜测题。。利用要诀8中的上下文暗暗示法。解析：由上下文暗示示可知，nearmiss是对第一段撞撞车事故的概概括，相当于于narrowescape，表示“幸免免于难”的意意思。答案：C43．WhichofthefollowingwouldRickStevensonmostprobablyagreewith？()A．Moderntechnologyiswhatwecan'tlivewithout.B．Digitaltechnologyoftenfallsshortofourexpectation.C．Digitaldevicesaremorereliablethantheyusedtobe.D．GPSerrorisnottheonlycauseforCeely'saccident.提示：：细节理理解题题。利利用要要诀5正选法法与排排除法法。解析：：从文章章第三三段可可以看看出，，RickStevenson表明““技术术是有有局限限性的的”，，数字字技术术不一一定能能满足足人们们的所所有愿愿望。。答案：：B44．Inthewriter'sopinion,Stevenson'sargumentis________.A．one­sidedB．reasonableC．puzzlingD．well­­based提示：：细节理理解题题。利利用要要诀7情感词词汇推推断法法。答案：：A解析：：从第四四段““Theproblemwithhisargumentinthebookisthatit'snotclearwhyheonlyfocusesondigitaltechnology,whiletheremaybeanumberofotherpossiblecauses.”可以看看出，，作者者指出出RickStevenson的观点点是片片面的的。45．Whatistherealconcernofthewriterofthisarticle？()A．Themajorcausesoftrafficaccidentsandcarthefts.B．Therelationshipbetweenhumansandtechnology.C．Theshortcomingsofdigitaldevicesweuse.D．Thehumanunawarenessoftechnicalproblems.提示：：主旨大大意题题。利利