2023学年完整版Unit1Culturalrelics词汇句式

Unit1Culturalrelics词汇句式rare稀少的，罕见的；珍贵的；三分熟辨析：易混词辨析例句rare通常指罕见而有价值的事物。Hereplacedtherarevasewith/byafalseone.scare主要指有用的一般事物，但目前数量不够。Waterisscareinthedesert.uncommon/unusual指因不经常发生而值得注意的事物。It’snolongeruncommon/unusualforagirltotakepartinthegamesnow.valuableadj.1)很有用的，宝贵的veryusefulorimportantvaluableexperience宝贵的经验2)很值钱的，贵重的Valuablejewellery3)valueless无价值的，不值钱的withoutvalueorworthworthless没有用的，无价值的;Criticssayhispaintingsareworthless.人品质坏的，不中用的Constantrejectionsmadehimfellveryworthless.Asenseofworthlessness无能为力的感觉priceless无价的，极重要的，珍贵的veryvaluableorimportantsurvivevi继续生存,存在，存活survive(from/on/assth)Manystrangecustomshavesurvivedfromearliertime.很多奇怪的风俗从早年就留存下来了。Ican’tsurviveon40dollarsinaweek.一星期，40美元我无法维生活。Ofthesixpeopleinjuredinthecrash,onlytwosurvived.2)vt经历某遭遇后幸存,艰难度过survivesth.Fewpeoplesurvivedtheearthquake.Thecompanymanagedtosurvivethecrisis.3)vt比…活/存在得时间长survivesb/sth.Themansurvivedhissisterbythreeyears.4)survivorn.幸存者Therewasonlyonesurvivorfrom/oftheplanecrash.这次空难只有一名幸存者。survivaln.幸存Hisonlychanceofsurvivalwasahearttransplant.唯有心脏移植手术才能使他活下来。survivev.继续生存或存在survivaln.幸存，存活survivorn.幸存者valuen.价值valuableadj.贵重的，有价值的Valuelessadj.无价值的，没有用的decoratev.装饰decorationn.装饰，装潢decorativeadj.装饰的，装饰作用的Thejawbonewasourmostvaluablediscovery.Theyhaveorderedsoftwaretothevalueof700.Hethinksouradviceisvalueless,sohewon’ttakeit.Manystrangecustomshavesurvivedfromearliertimes.Thisceremonyisasurvivalfrompre-Christiantimes.Sheistheonlysurvivorintheaccident.Whenwilltheyfinishthedecorationoftheroom?Thebuildingwasdecoratedwithflags.Thecoloredlightsareverydecorative.Reading一、长难句分析1.FrederickWilliamI,theKingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.普鲁士国王威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。1)couldnot/neverhavedone是对过去所发生事情的否定推测Shecouldn’thavewalkedthere.归纳：情态动词+havedone表示对过去所发生的事情的推测，现归纳如下：must+havedone只用于肯定句，“肯定已做过”（表推测）couldhavedone本来可以做（却未做）；可能做过can’t/couldn’t+havedone“过去不可能做过，肯定没做过”，或“本来有能力做而实际上没有做”。should(oughtto)+havedone表示“本来应该做而实际上没做”,含有责备的语气。shouldnot(oughtnotto)+havedone则表示“本来不该做而实际上做了”，含有责备的语气。needn’t+havedone表示“本来不必做的事，实际上做过了。”may(might)+havedone表示对过去的推测，多用于陈述句，might比may语气更加委婉。意思是“可能或许做过；本来或许会做（却未做）”wouldliketohavedone表示“本来希望做而却未做的事”。hadbetterhavedone例1.(2007福建)---Whereismydictionary?IrememberIputithereyesterday.---You______itinthewrongplace.A.mustput B.shouldhaveput C.mightput D.mighthaveput解析：答案是D。mighthavedone表示过去可能做过的事。例2.(2007上海)---Guesswhat!IhavegotanAformytermpaper.---Great!You_____readwidelyandputalotofworkintoit.A.must B.should C.musthave D.shouldhave解析：答案是C。此句意为“你肯定读了很多书”，对过去发生的事情进行推测用musthavedone。例3.(2008重庆)---Ican’tfindmypurseanywhere.---Youhavelostitwhileshopping.A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would解析：答案是A。此句意为“你可能购物时丢了它了”，过去可能发生的事情用mayhavedone。例4.(上海

2000)My

sister

met

him

at

the

Grand

Theater

yesterday

afternoon,

so

he______

your

lecture．

A．

couldn’t

have

attended

B．

needn’t

have

attended

C．

mustn’t

have

attended

D．

shouldn’t

have

attended解析：答案是A。此句意为“我妹妹昨天下午在大剧院碰见他了，所以他不可能听了你的讲座。”表示过去不可能做了用“can’t/couldn’thavedone”。2)such为形容词修饰名词，so为副词修饰形容词或副词。sucha/an(+形容词)+单数名词such(+形容词)+复数名词so+形容词+a/an+单数名词so+形容词/副词somany/few+复数名词(如此多/少的…)somuch/little+不可数名词(如此多/少的…)记忆口诀：名前such，形、副so，多多少少也用so，little属特殊，“小”用such，“少”用so。suchlittlechildren如此小的孩子们solittlewater如此少的水注意：与表示量的形容词或不定代词连用时，应放于此类词之后，如：nosuchman,manysuchbooks,fewsuchfilms,twosuchboxes.2．…whichtookthecountry’sbestartistsabouttenyearstomake.它花了这个国家最好的艺术家十年的时间建造的。take表示“需要，花费”，常用句型为“Ittakessbsometimetodosth.”例如：Ittookhimallafternoontofinishthetask.他用了整个下午才完成这件工作。Courageiswhatittakestosucceed.成功需要勇气。3.Aboutfourmeterslong,theroomservedasasmallreceptionhallforimportantvisitors.琥珀屋长约四米，被当作了接待厅接见重要客人。表示某物的长，宽，高的结构为：数词+量词+long/wide/high或：数词+量词+inlength/width/height例：---______istheheightofthemountain?---It’s8848meters______.A.Howtall;high B.What;tall C.What;inheight D.Whathigh;high;解析：答案是C。高度是多少用what提问，第二空可填high或inheight。3.Later,CatherineIIhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalace…….Have,get后可加不定式，现在分词，过去分词，三种形式做宾补。“使，让，叫”1）have/getsth.Done使/让某事由别人做You’dbetterhave/getyourbicyclerepaired.Nowmanypeoplemoveintocitiesinordertohavetheirchildrenbettereducated.Havesthdone还有使…遭遇，经历（不好的事或意外）Hehad/gothismoneystolen.2）havesb./sth.doingsth.使某人/某物一直做某事Havesbdoing用语否定句，有容忍的意思。Iwon’thaveyouspeakingtoyourdadlikethat.Don’thavethewaterrunning.3)havesth.todo有事要做（主语自己做）Ihaveameetingtoattend.4)havesth.tobedone有事要做（让别人做）Ihaveatelegramtobesentout.5)havesb.dosth.让某人做某事make/letsb.dosthgetsb.todosthI’llhaveMaryfinishit.4.In1770theroomwascompletedthewayshewanted.thewayshewanted前的介词in被省略了，同时定语从句shewanted的引导词that也被省略了。又如：InEnglish,wordsarenotalwaysspelledthewaytheysound.Hedoesn’tspeakEnglishthewayIdo.IwasneverallowedtodothingsthewayIwanted.hewaslookingatherinawaythatsurprisedher.wehavetomakeitworkinthewaythattheywantitto另外，1)当way前面有形容词作定语时，其前不省略in。2)way后可接ofdoing或todo作定语，表示做某事的方式或手段。Healwayswritesinacarelessway.Hefoundthebestwaytosolve/ofsolvingtheproblem.Almostsixhundredcandleslittheroom,and…….light的过去式和过去分词有两种:lit和lighted。作谓语时，二者可通用，但作定语时，只能用lighted。Helighted/litacandleandhandedthelightedcandletome.5.Thiswasatimewhenthetwocountrieswereatwar.这是两国交战的时期。①atime表示一段时间，为先行词，when引导定语从句，when在定语从句中作时间状语。考题：Therewas______time______Ihatedtogotoschool.A.a,that B.a,when C.the,that D.the,when解析：答案是B。此题结构和所分析的句子完全相同。②atwar(with)(和…)处于交战状态，war前不要冠词。其他“介词+冠词”表状态的短语有：at:atwork在工作/attable在吃饭/atplay在玩耍on:onshow在展出/onduty值班/onsale出售；贱卖/onholiday在度假/onfire在燃烧/onwatch值班，放哨/ontrial受审/onbusiness因公，因事/onguard警惕，防范in:introuble在麻烦中/indanger处于危险中/inbattle在交战/indoubt怀疑，不确定/inorder秩序井然，整齐/insecret秘密地，私下地/indebt欠债/inshape处于良好状态/inanger愤怒地/inpoverty在贫困中under:underrepair在修理中/underdiscussion正被讨论/underconstruction正在建造中/undertreatment正被治疗under二、词语辨析：1.worth,worthy,worthwhile(1)worth:(haveaworthinmoney,ect.)①只作表语，有某种价值,值…钱；Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.Howmuchisthispaintingworth?Thepictureisworth$500.这幅画值500美元。②值得（费周折）的(important,goodorenjoyableenoughtomakesbfeelsatisfied,whendifficultyoreffortisinvolved.);指（行动）有价值的（usedtorecommendtheactionmentionedbecauseyouthinkitmaybeuseful.）worth+sth/doingsth值得做某事，接动名词时用主动形式表被动意义。Thejobinvolvesalotofhardwork,butit’sworthit.Themuseumisworthvisiting.Whatisworthdoingisworthdoingwell.值得干的事就得干好。Nothinghesaidwasworthlisteningto.他说的话没有一句值得听。③worth习惯上不用very修饰，要表示类似意思可用well。如：Theworkiswellworthdoing.(2)worthy可用作表语和定语①worthyofsth值得…Theireffortsareworthyofyoursupport.他们的努力应得到你的支持。Herbehaviorisworthyofpraise.她的行为是值得赞扬的。②beworthytodo值得（表主动）Heisworthytoreceivesuchhonor.他应该得到这种荣誉。③beworthyofbeingdone/beworthytobedone值得被（表被动）Thissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered.这个建议值得考虑。Thissuggestionisworthyofbeingconsidered.这个建议值得考虑。④作定语，值得尊重和考虑的，(havingqualitiesthatdeserveyourrespectorattention,admiration.)如：aworthycourse崇高的事业，(3)worthwhile:adj值得的，值得花时间、钱或精力的，①作表语,后接动名词或不定式均可。如：Itisworthwhilebuying/tobuythedictionary.这本词典值得买。②作定语，如：Nursingisaveryworthwhilecareer.护理工作是很值得干的职业。补充说明：在很多情况下，同一个意思可用几种不同的形式表达。那个地方值得一去。正：Theplaceisworthavisit.Theplaceisworthyofavisit.Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.Theplaceisworthytobevisited.Theplaceisworthvisiting.Itisworthvisitingtheplace.Itisworthwhilevisitingtheplace.Itisworthwhiletovisittheplace.2.spend,cost,take,pay(1)spend的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构：①spendtime／moneyonsth.在……上花费时间（金钱）。例：Ispenttwohoursonthismathsproblem.②spendtime／money(in)doingsth.花费时间（金钱）做某事。例：Theyspenttwoyears(in)buildingthisbridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。(2)cost的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常见用法如下：①sth.costs+(sb.)＋金钱.某物花了（某人）多少钱。例：Anewcomputercostsalotofmoney.买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。②sth.costs+(sb.)＋代价.做某事使某人付出了什么代价。例：Drunkdrivingcosthimhislife.酒后开车使他付出了生命的代价。(3)take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：①Ittakessb.＋时间＋todosth.做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Ittookthemthreeyearstobuildthisroad.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。②Ittakes(sb)＋sth+todosth.做某事需要(某人)某物。例：Courageiswhatittakestosucceed.成功需要勇气。Asmileissometimeswhatittakestocheerafriendup.有时候一个微笑就会使朋友高兴起来。(4)pay的基本用法是：①(Sb)pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付钱（给某人）买……。例：Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.我每个月要付20英磅的房租。②payforsth.付……的钱。例：Ihavetopayforthebooklost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。③paysb(+todo)付钱给某人(去做某事)。例:Wepaythebaby-sitterbythehour.我们按小时给保姆钱。Iwillpayyou$3tocleanmycar.我给你3美元你替我洗车。search1)n.搜寻，搜索，查找anattempttofindsb/sth,especiallybylookingcarefullyforthem/it.insearchofsb/sth(=lookingfor)寻找…在句中作目的状语或表语Hewasinsearchofanoldfriend.The/one’ssearchforsb/sth寻找…Manypeoplejoinedtheminthesearchforgold.v.searchforsth寻找某物或某人Shesearchedinvainforherpassport.她寻找护照，但是没找到。I’vesearchedhighandlowformylostpen.我到处寻找丢失的钢笔。searchsthforsth/sb搜查某物以寻找某人或某物Policearestillsearchingthewoodsforthemissinggirl.警察在搜索森林寻找失踪女孩。Firefighterssearchedthebuildingforsurvivors.消防战士搜查大楼寻找幸存者。searchsbforsth搜查某人以寻找某物Thepolicesearchedherfordrugs.警察搜查她，看她身上是否有毒品。beusedtodo,beusedtodoing与usedtodoThewoodherewillbeusedtomaketablesandchairs.Heisusedtolivinginthecountrysidenow.Sheusedtocomealot,butnowweseldomseeher.amazevt:verysurprise辨析：易混词辨析例句amaze“惊愕”；含有惊叹；佩服之意。Fare’sperfectvoiceamazedme.surprise“惊讶”“出乎意料”；是“吃惊”的普通用词。语气较弱。Itsurprisedmethatyousangthissongsowell.astonish“使十分惊讶”“试大吃一惊”(=surprisesb.verymuch)，语气较强，含难以置信之意。Sheastonishedusbysayingshewasleaving.shock使“震惊”；多用来指重大的事情使人为之一震，有大为惊讶之意（=surprisesb.greatly），语气最强。Iwasshockedbywhathadhappened.amazed感到吃惊的,大为惊奇的beamazedby/atShewasamazedathowcalmshefeltaftertheaccident.beamazedthat/wh-Itamazedherthathecouldbesocalmatsuchatime.在这个时候他还能冷静，真令我惊讶。beamazedtofind/see…Shewasamazedtofindnoonewashurt.amazing令人吃惊的Theamazingthingisthatitwaskeptsecretforsolong.amazementn.Shelookathiminamazement.她惊愕的看着他。bemadeinto被制成…bemadeof用…制成(看得见原材料)bemadefrom用…制成(看不见原材料)bemadefor为…制作bemadeupof由…组成Ex.用以上短语完成句子。1).Acar________________manydifferentparts.2).Thechair______________wood.3).Thewine________________grapes.4).Thesalad_________lettuce,tomatoesandcucumbers.5).Woodcan____________paper.selectselect/choose/elect/pickselect强调在广泛的范围内进行“精选或淘汰”，侧重以客观为标准进行选择。choose普通用词，侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择，着重被选者的优点。elect指按照一定的规章或法律，用投票等方式进行的认真慎重的选择。pick口语用词，强调“从个人角度在众多之中进行挑选”，有时含有“任意选择”的意思。1）vt.选择，挑选selectsth/sb(as/forsth),Hehasn’tbeenselectedasthemonitor.Tomfailedtobeselectedforthefootballteam.selectsb/sth(fromsth)Heselectedseveralgoodstudentsfromtheclasstocompetefortherace.adjn.精选的，优等的aselectclub名流俱乐部Theylivedinaselectarea.他们住在高级住宅区。selectiveadj.常作定语有选择的，选择性的theselectivebreedingofcattle牛的选择性培育beselective(aboutsth)严格筛选的youmustbeselectiveboutwhocouldbepromoted.honeyedadj.言辞甜言蜜语的，柔顺讨好的Hespokeinhoneyedtones.他说话像抹了蜜似的。design.1)v.计划，筹划(tothinkofandplanasystem,awayofdoingsth,ect.)designdoing/todo…打算做……Wehavedesignedbuilding/tobuildaparkhere.设计,构思~sth(todecisehowsthwilllook,work,etc.especiallybydrawingplansormakingmodels)todesignacar/adress/anoffice设计汽车，连衣裙，办公室abadlydesignedkitchen一间设计很差的厨房Hedesignedandbuilthisownhouse.他设计建造了自己的家。bedesignedforsth/bedesignedassth/bedesignedtodo为某目的或用途而设计制造(tomake,plan,orintendsthforaparticularpurposeorues.)Thisroomisdesignedforthechildren.Thisisdesignedasapresentformydaughter.这是作为礼物给我女儿的。Thiscourseisdesignedasanintroductiontothesubject.这门课程是作为该科目的入门课而开设的。Theprogrammeisdesignedtohelppeoplewhohavebeenoutofwork.这个项目是为帮助失业的人而开设的。2）n.设计，布局，安排Themachine’suniquedesignpreventsfromoverheating.这机器独特的设计可以防止温度过高。构思，艺术设计ShecametoLondonin1960tostudyfashiondesign.打算，意图Shehaddesignsonhismoney.她觊觎他的钱财。Wedon’tknowifitwasdonebyaccidentorbydesign.我们不知道那件事是偶然的还是故意的。bydesignonpurposebyintention故意地byaccidentbychance意外地decoratev.1）装饰，装潢；点缀，装点；decoratesth(withsth)Photosofactorsdecoratedthewalloftherestaurant.演员的照片点缀了这面墙壁。Wedecoratedthehousewithsomepictures.译：墙上装饰有几幅画。误：Somepicturesweredecoratedonthewall.正：Thewallwasdecoratedwithsomepictures.2)授给（某人）勋章或奖章decoratesb.forsthdecorationn.c.pl.装饰品Christmasdecorationsu.装饰，装潢jewelc.宝石apreciousstoneajewelbox首饰盒pl.宝石饰物，珠宝首饰jewelleryn.u.珠宝，首饰（总称）silver/goldjewellery银饰，金饰style方式，作风theparticularwayinwhichsthisdone.astyleoflearships/management领导作风，管理方法（书，画，建筑等）风格，体(features)astyleofarchitecture建筑风格in…style/inthestyleof…“以…的风格”SheboughtapaintinginthestyleofPicasso.Doyouhaveachairinthisstyle?时髦，流行(thequalityofbeingfashionableinclothesthatyouwear.)in/outofstyle时髦的/过时的（衣服，头发等）款式(aparticulardesignofsth,especiallyclothes.)fancy1）adj.fancier,fanciest异常过分复杂的(usuallycomplicated,ofteninaunnecessaryway.)Theyaddedalotoffancyfootstepstothedance.他们给这个舞蹈增加了很多复杂的舞步。（常贬义）昂贵的，奢华的(expensiveorconnectedwithanexpensivewayoflife.)Fancyrestaurantwithfancyprice价格昂贵的奢华餐厅（小物件）精致的，花哨的(withalotofdecorationsorbrightcolors.)fancygoods奇特的，异样的2）v.想要，想做wantsthorwanttodosthDoyoufancyadrink?想要喝一杯吗？Doyoufancygongingoutthisevening?今晚想出去吗？Hedidn’tfancytheideaofgonginghomeinthedark.他不喜欢夜晚回家自负，自命不凡(tothinkyourselfisverypopular,attractive,intelligent.)fancyoneselfIcouldtellhereallyfancieshimself.看得出他确实自以为了不起自以为是，自命为(toliketheideaofbeingsthortobelieve,oftenwrongly,thatyouaresth.)fancyoneself/(as/tobesth)fancy+thatclauseHefancieshimselfaserious.他自以为是严肃的演员认为，想象tobelieveorimaginesthfancy(one’s)doingsth.想象（某人）做某事fancysbtobe/as..想象，认为某人为成为…fancythat…Don’tfancythatyoucansucceedwithouthardwork..Shefanciedsheheardfootstepsbehindher.她觉得好像听到有脚步声Hefanciesshelikeshim.他以为他喜欢她。fancy常用于表惊叹的句子，意为“没想到，竟然”Fancymeetingyouhere.竟然在这遇见了你“sherememberedmynameafteralltheseyears”,‘fancythat”.真想不到3）n.爱好，喜爱，迷恋,想要(afeelingthatyou’dliketohavesthortodosth.)haveafancythat…感到，揣测……haveafancyfor…喜欢……takeafancyto…变得喜欢take/catchone’sfancy引起某人的喜欢，中某人的意，吸引某人Shelookedthroughthesebooksuntiloneofthemtookherfancy.她仔细查看这些书，终于有一本中了她的意。Hesaidhewantedadog,butitwasonlyapassingfancy.他说他想要一条狗，但那只是他一时心血来潮。想象（力），想象的事物（sththatyouimagine;yourimagination.）belongtosb属于某人(ownedbysb)Thecasedoesn’tbelongtome.（事件，比赛等某人）获胜，最受欢迎(mostsuccessfulorpopular.)Tomdidwellattheparty,buttheeveningbelongedtoLucy.汤姆表现的很好，但路西整晚都大出风头belongtosth是…的成员(tobeamemberofaclub,team,organization,)Idon’tknowtowhichteamhebelongs.是（某族类或纲目的）一部分，属于(tobepartofaparticulargroup,type,system.)Lionsbelongtothecatfamily.注意：belongto既无被动形式，也不能用于进行时。to为介词，可跟名词或代词作宾语。可用于V-ing形式作后置定语Eg:Idon’tknowanymembersbelongingtothatclub.DiaoYuIsland,belongingtoChina,isoffthenorthcoastofTaiwan.inreturn作为对…的报答，以答谢(asawayofthankingsb,orpayingthemforsththey’vedone.)YougavemeyourwatchandinreturnIgaveyoumybook.Heboughtheragoldwatchinreturnforherhelp.作为回应(asaresponseofreaction)Iaskedhisopinion,buthejustaskmeaquestioningreturn.我征求他的意见，他却只是反问了我一句。serveas当，担任，充当Heservedasawaiterthere.归纳：actas充当;担任...角色workas担当，充当Atraineddogcanactasaguidetoablindperson.HeworkedinChinaasadoctor.receptionn.c.接待处招待会，接待仪式,欢迎会(aformalsocialoccasiontowelcomesborcelebratesth.)aweddingreception结婚喜宴u.接纳，迎接(theactofreceivingorwelcomingsb.)areceptioncentre接待站sing.欢迎，接受(thetypeofwelcomethatisgiventosb/sth.)Ireceivedawarmreceptionintheschool.我在学校受到了热烈的欢迎consider1)（尤指为做出决定）仔细考虑，细想(tothinkaboutsthcarefullyinordertomakeadecision.)consider+n./doing/wh-+todo/that-clauseSheconsideredheroptions.她考虑了自己的各种选择We’reconsideringbuyingacar.Weneedtoconsiderhowthelawmightbereformed.我们正在想怎样修订这项法律。I’dlikesometimetoconsider.我需要时间考虑Hewasconsideringwhattodonext.2)认为；以为；觉得(tothinkofethinaparticular.)consider+n/that-clause/+(tobe/as)+n./adj./todoconsider+宾语+宾补Heconsidersitagreathonortogiveaspeechduringthemeeting.Whodoyouconsider(tobe)responsiblefortheaccident?Heisgenerallyconsideredtohavedonetherightthing.普遍认为她做的是对的Consideryourselfluckyyouweren’tfired.真是万幸，你没被开除。WeconsiderBeijing(tobe/as)theheartofourcountry.Heisconsideredtohavestolenthepicture.归纳：consider/regard/treat/thinkof/lookon…as…认为……，把…看作…3)vt.体谅，考虑到，顾及(tothinkaboutsth,especiallythefeelingsofotherpeople,andinfluencedbyitwhenmakingadecision,ect.)Youshouldconsiderotherpeoplebeforeyouact.应当考虑到别人（consider）(4)vt端详,注视(tolookcarefullyatsth/sb.)Hestoodthere,consideringthegirl.considerationn.consideringprep.conj.考虑到，就…而言，鉴于Consideringhisage,heisactive.就他的年龄而言，他很活跃。was/

were

able

to

表示过去经过努力，成功地做了某事，表达一种结果。类似于succeededindoing或managedtodo的含义。如：He

worked

very

hard,

and

was

able

to

pass

the

examination.他学习很努力，因而通过了考试。考题:The

fire

spread

through

the

hotel

very

quickly

but

everyone

______get

out.

A.

had

to

B.

would

C.

could

D.

was

able

to解析：答案是D。此题意为“大火迅速在宾馆蔓延开，但人们都成功地逃出去了”，表示过去成功地做了某事只能使用was

／

were

able

to

do，故本题选D。addv.1）~sth(tosth)添加，增加(toputsthtogetherwithethelsesoastoincreasethesize,number,amount,ect.)ShallIaddyournametothelist?我把你的名字加到名单上，好吗？Nextaddtheflour.~AtoB/~AandBtogether加(toputnumbersoramountstogetatotal.)Add9tothetotal.在总数上加9。Ifyouadd5and5together,youget10.5加5得10。~sth(tosth)补充说，又说(tosaysthmore;tomakeafurtherremark;)Ihavenothingtoaddtomyearlierstatement.我对先前说的话没什么要补充的。“Anddon’tbelate,”sheadded.她补充说，“别迟到了！”Headdedthathewouldreturnaweeklater.他补充说他过一周就回来了。2）addtosth使(数量)增多，使（规模）扩大(increasesthinsize,amount,ect.)Thebadweatheraddedtoourdifficulties.坏天气增加了我们的困难。3）addsthup加起来AddupallthemoneyIoweyou.把我欠你的钱加起来。4）adduptosth加起来等于，等于说Thenumbersadduptoexactly100.这些数加起来正好是100。Hislonganswerjustaddsuptoarefusal.他说那么多实际等于是拒绝。5）addsthin包括，把…加进去Remembertoaddinthecostofdrinks.记住把饮料的钱加进去removev.1）~sth/sb（fromsth）将某物或某人从某处移开，搬开，拿开，移动（totakesth/sbawayfromaplace.）Heremovedthemudfromhisshoes.Removethevasefromthetable.Heremovedhishandfromhershoulder.他把放在她肩上的手移开了。2）脱掉脱去（衣服等），摘下；=(takeoffclothing,ect.Frombody.)Herefusedtoremovehisshoes.Youshouldremoveyourhatinthechurch.在教堂里你应该脱帽。Heremovedhisglassesandrubbedhiseyes.他摘下眼镜，揉了揉眼睛。3)搬家，迁移=moveTheyremoved/movedintothenewhouse.4）免职，解除（职位等）(dismisssbfromthepositionorjob.)Thiselectionremovedthegovernmentfrompower.这次选举使政府倒台了Thatofficerwasremovedfromhisposition.那位军官被免职了。5）~sth消除（不愉快，污渍等），使消失去掉，（togetridofsthunpleasant,dirty,ect.Tomakesthdisappear.）Hisnamewasremovedfromthelist.toremoveproblems/difficulties/objections解决问题，克服困难，消除反对意见异议Thenewsremovedanydoubtsaboutthecompany’sfuture.这个消息消除了人们对公司的未来的疑虑。Itwasimpossibletoremovethestainsfromthetablecloth.这些污渍不可能从桌布上除掉。removaln.移动,调动,迁移,排除;免职removalofanofficial一位官员的免职Thefactoryannounceditsremovaltoanothertown.这家工厂宣布迁往另一座城市。lessthan少于IusedtoearnlessthanapoundaweekwhenIfirststartedwork.Thewholehousewentupinsmokeinlessthananhour.less...than较小的/地,较少的/地;不如MyhusbandworriesaboutthingslessthanIdo.Gettingoutofbedinsummerislessdifficultthaninwinter.nolessthan不少于；多达Thehamburgersshouldcontainnolessthan50%meat.Hedranknolessthantenbottlesofbeer.短语符号意义lessthan＜少于notlessthan=at(the)least≥不少于，至少nolessthan＝和……一样，不少于（强调多）morethan＞多于；不仅仅notmorethan=at(the)most≤不多于，不超过，至多不比…更nomorethan＝仅仅（强调少）1）otherthanexceptfor除了……Idon’tknowanyFrenchpeopleotherthanyou.不not；不同，不同于differentordifferentlyfrom；Ineversawhimtobehaveotherthanselfish.我从没见过他不自私2）noneotherthan正是，不是别的，竟然（强调出人意料的事或人）HisfirstcustomerisnoneotherthanTom.他的第一位客人竟然是Tom3）nootherthana.只有b.正是，就是(=thesameaswoodenadj.(1)木制的，木头的(madeofwood.)awoodenbox(2)木头似的；死板的；呆板的；木纳的（notshowingenoughnaturalexpression,emotion,movement.）.Theactplayingthefatherwastoowooden.Woodn.c.u.木，木头，木材wood=woods林地，树林(anareaoftrees,smallerthanaforest.)alargewood一大片林地awalkinthewoods在林地里散步-en后缀(1)由……制成（构成的）；像……一样的（用在名词后构成形容词）golden,woolen,earthen(2)使；使成为；变得（用于形容词之后构成动词）blacken,sadden,broaden,widendoubt1)v不能肯定，无把握，认为…未必可能tofeeluncertainaboutsth;tofeelsthisnottrue,willhappen,etc.怀疑，不信任tonottrustsb/sth,tonotbelievesb;[v+sth]Thereseemsnoreasontodoubtherwords.好象没有理由怀疑她的话。[v+(that)]Ineverdoubted(that)hewouldcome.我确信他会来。[v+wh-]Idoubtwhether/ifhewillcome.我不敢肯定他来不来。[v+sb]Ihadnoreasontodoubthim.我没有理由怀疑他。Idoubtwhether/if…怀疑,不敢肯定Idoubtwhether/ifit’strue.Idoubtwhetherthenewonewillbebetter.我不敢肯定这个新的是否会更好。Idon’tdoubtthat…确信，肯定…Idon’tdoubtthatyouarehonest.Thereseemsnoreasontodoubthiswords.似乎没理由怀疑他的话。Ihavenoreasontodoubther.我没有理由不相信他。2）n.doubt+(aboutsth)/(that…)/(astosth)/(wh-)Thereissomedoubtaboutherhonesty.人们对她的诚实有些怀疑。havesomedoubtastohisintention.我有些怀疑他的意图。Thereisnodoubtthatheisakindperson.毫无疑问，他是个善良的人。Shehadherdoubtswhetherhewastellingthetruth.她怀疑他没说真话。Thereisnodoubtthat…/Thereisnodoubtaboutsth.毫无疑问…,确实Thereisnodoubtthathewillcomeback.Yourlifeisindanger.Thereisnodoubtaboutit.Thereissomedoubtaboutthebestwaytodoit.这件事怎么做才是最佳办法还有点认不准。havenodoubtthat…/havenodoubtaboutsth.毫无疑问，确实Ihavenodoubtthatyoudeserveit.havedoubtwhether（不可用if）…怀疑是否…shehadsomedoubtswhetherhewouldcome.词组：1）without/beyonddoubt毫无疑问地,确实（usedwhengiveyouropinionsandemphasizingthepointthatyouaremaking）2）nodoubt无疑，很可能，确实（usedwhenyousaysthisprobableoristrue）Nodoubtshe’llcalluswhenshegetsthere.她到那必定会给我们打电话。He’smadesomegreatmovies.There’snodoubtaboutit.Nodoubthemeanstohelp,butinfacthejustgetsintheway.无疑他想帮忙，而实际上他是3）Beyond(any)doubt无疑，确实（inawaytoshowthatsthiscompletelycertain）Theresearchshowsbeyonddoubtthatwomensurvivemen.这项调查确实表明女性的寿命比男性长。Itisbeyonddoubtthatsmokingisharmfultoourhealth.毫无疑问，吸烟有害健康。4）beindoubt(tobeuncertain)拿不准，不肯定Hissuccessisnotindoubt.他的成功是确定无疑的5）if(youareany)indoubt如果没把握，拿不准Ifindoubt,wearblack.如果你拿不准，就穿黑色的吧。6）Haveone’sdoubts(aboutsth)（有理由）不信，对…持怀疑态度It’smayberight.Personally,Ihavemydoubts.这也许行，但我个人持怀疑态度。(1).Doyoudoubt________shewillsucceed?(2).Idoubt______________hewillkeephisword.(3).Ihavenodoubt_______hewillwinthegame.Keys:(1).that(2).whether/if(3).thatwonder1)想知道，琢磨,想弄明白(tothinkaboutsthandtrytodecidewhatistrue,whatwillhappen,whatyoushoulddo,ect.)Wonder+wh-/aboutsthIwonderwhosheis.我不知道她是谁。WearewonderingaboutnextAprilforourwedding.我们正打算下个四月结婚。2）（礼貌时体温或请别人做事时说）不知您能否…（usedasapolitewayofaskingaquestionoraskingsbtodosth.）Iwonderifyoucanhelpme.不知你能帮我一下吗？3）非常惊讶，感到诧异(tobesurprisedbysth.)wonder（at/that…）Shewonderatherownstupidity.她没想到她竟会这么蠢。Ishouldn’twonderyou’retired.You’vehadabusyday.你累了，我一点都不奇怪。你已经忙了一天了。Wondern.nowonder(that)…难怪…It’sawonderthatheseemstoknownothingaboutit.Nowonderthathedidn’twanttogo.1）c.奇迹，奇观，奇妙之处，奇事；能人，奇才；（sthoraqualityinsththatfillsyouwithsurpriseandadmiration.）TajMahalisoneoftheeightwondersoftheworld.u.惊异，惊叹(afeelingofsurpriseandadmirationthatyouhavewhenyouseeorexperiencesthbeautiful,unusual,ofexpected.)Hegazeddowninwonderatthecityspreadbelowher.她服饰现在在她眼前的城市，惊叹不已。2）(it’s)no/little/smallwonder(that)并不奇怪，不足为奇，难怪(it’snotsurprising.)it’sawonder(that)…奇怪的是…(it’ssurprisingorstrange.)inwonder惊奇地Helookedatherinwonder.Nowonderyou’vetired,you’rehadabusyday.难怪你这么累，你已经忙了一天了。It’slittlewonderthatshewassoupset.她心烦意乱，这不足为奇。3）wonderswillnevercease.(spoken)真是无奇不有，怪事何其多，太阳从西边从来了。Wonderful令人惊奇的，惊叹的；It’swonderfulthathecoulddoitsowell.精彩的，令人高兴的；awonderfulview/opportunity美好的精色，绝佳的机会remain保持；停留；剩下(1)依然,保持：[v+adj/n/v-ed/v-ing/that]toremainsilent/standing/seated/motionless保持沉默/站着/坐着/不动Trainfaresarelikelytoremainunchanged.火车费可能保持不变。Inspiteoftheirquarrel,theyremainthebestoffriends.尽管吵架了，但他们依然是最好的朋友。I’msorryyou’retired,butthefactremainsthatthejobhastobedone.很遗憾你累了，不过事还得做。(2)剩下：[vi+(todo)]Verylittleofthehouseremainedafterthefire.大火之后房子所剩无几。Therewereonlytenminutesremaining.只剩下10分钟。Muchremainstobedone.很多事有待于做。Itremainstobeseenwhetheryouareright.你是否对以后才能知晓。(3)停留：[vi+adv./prep]TheyremainedinMexicountilJune.他们在墨西哥呆到了六月。Sheleft,butIremainedbehind.她离开了，但我留了下来。考例1.(2009四川)Pleaseremain______untiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.toseat B.tobeseated C.seating D.seated解析：答案是D。seatsb意为“让某人坐下”，所以某人坐着即为“(Sb)beseated”。而remain同be一样也是系动词，所以后面也接seated。也可以把seated看作一个表状态的形容词“坐着的”。remain表示“依然，继续”，为系动词，后加名词，形容词或分词做表语。考例2.Withthe______fivedollars,sheboughtapairofshoesforherdaughter.A.more B.remaining C.left D.rest解析：答案是B。remain表“剩下”为不及物动词，表主动不用被动，所以它的形容词形式为-ing.C选项的left做后置定语。D项的rest为名词，可带of短语，不修饰名词。morethan的用法①“morethan＋名词”表示“多于……”、“不仅仅是”如：Modernscienceismorethanalargeamountofinformation.现代科学不仅仅是大量的信息。Jasonismorethanalecturer;heisawriter,too.他不仅仅是讲师，他还是个作家。②“morethan＋数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如：IhaveknownDavidformorethan20years.③“Morethan＋形容词”等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如：Indoingscientificexperiments,o