非谓语动词难点透视不定式

非谓语动词难点透视

——动词不定式不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/nevertodo”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词宾格”构成。不定式结构

:todo(否定)not/nevertodo二.

时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwater

aftertheoperation.

主语宾语表语定语状语宾补作主语Tomasteraforeignlanguageisreallyimportantnowadays.Togiveupsmokingisright.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2.放弃吸烟是对的。作宾语Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.1.Fred没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。2.他答应不告述任何人这事。作表语MyjobistoteachEnglish.Toseeistobelieve.1.我的工作是教英语。2.眼见为实。作定语Doyouhaveanythingtosay?1.你有什么要说的吗?2.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人

Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth作状语Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的状语.原因状语.结果状语作宾补Sheaskedmetostaythere.1.她叫我呆在这儿。2.请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。

PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.高考进行时------动词不定式考点

Ithinkthebestthingyoushoulddois_________anotherjob.A.lookingforB.lookedforC.lookfor

D.tolookfor一、做表语二、做定语1.I’mgoingtothesupermarket.Haveyougotanything_________?A.boughtB.tobeboughtC.tobuyD.beingbought2.–Whydoyoulooksad?--Therearesomanyproblems________.remainingtosettleB.remainedsettlingC.remainingtobesettledD.remainedtobesettled不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰的名词之后3.Everystudentinourclasshadanapplicationforminhis/herhand,butnooneknewwhichoffice________.A.tosendittoB.sentC.sendingtoD.senttowhich和不定式连用相当于一个缩短了的定语从句，例如：Shemusthavetimeinwhichtogrowcalm.Shehassomemoneyinthebank,withwhichtohelphermother.Heonlyhadlongnightsinwhichtostudy.三、做状语1.Australianshavetopreventdingoes______theirsheepandcattle.A.fromprotectingB.toprotectC.protectingD.toprotecting2.Whichdoyouenjoy_______yourholiday,goingabroadorstayingathome?A.spendingB.tospendC.beingspentD.spend不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。3.Lily’smobilephonewasleftinataxiaccidentally,never______again.A.tofindB.tobefoundC.findingD.beingfound4.–Whathappenedtoyouonyourwaybacktothehotellastnight?--Ilostmywayincompletedarknessand,________thingsworse,itbegantopour.A.makingB.tomakeC.havingmadeD.make四、做宾补Thestudentsareforbidden,unlesstheyhavespecialpasses,_________afterelevenp.m.A.tostayoutB.fromstayingoutC.stayingoutD.nottostayout五、做宾语Tompretended_______it,butinfact,heknewitverywell.A.notlistentoB.nottohearaboutC.nottohaveheardaboutD.nottolisten六、构成复合谓语1.Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper________inbroaddaylightyesterday.A.beingrobbedB.havingbeenrobbedC.tohavebeenrobbedD.robbed2.Heisknowntobehonest.3.Shewastoldtostayathome.4.HewasknowntohavetakenmoneyfromGermans.5.HeissaidtohavedeclaredthatVoltairewashisGod.6.Heisthoughttobehidinginthewoods.7.MissWhiteissupposedtobegoingwithme.如果主要谓语所表示的动作（或情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行，这时，不定式就要用进行式。不定式的进行式1.Theyaresaidtobebuildinganotherbridgeacrosstheriver.2.Theyseemtobegettingalongquitewell.3.Ihappenedtobegoingthatwaytoo.4.Wedidn’texpectyoutobewaitingforushere.5.Hepretendedtobelisteningattentively.6.Iamgladtobeworkingwithyou.(状语)7.It’sniceofyoutobethinkingofus.(主语)

不定式的完成式1.Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.(Itissaidthathehaswrittenanewbookaboutworkers.)2.Theenemywasreportedtohavesurrendered.(Itwasreportedthattheenemyhadsurrendered.)3.Sheseemedtohaveheardaboutitalready.(Itseemedthatshehadalreadyheardaboutit.)4.Youareluckytohavegotticketstotheconcert.(=Youareluckythatyouhavegotticketstotheconcert.)5.I’msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.

(=I’msorryIhavegivenyousomuchtrouble.)6.Shewasverygladtohavedonesomethingforthepeople.7.Hepretendednottohaveseenme.当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式。不定式的被动形式1.Itisanhonourformetobeaskedtospeakhere.2.SheaskedtobesenttoworkinXinjiang.3.Hewantedthelettertobetypedatonce.4.Shedidn’tlikeherselftobepraisedlikethat.5.Thebooksarenotallowedtobetakenoutoftheroom.6.Areyougoingtothemeetingtobeheldintheteachers’office?7.Shewastooyoungtobeassignedsuchwork.Let’stranslate1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_______________arebothgreathappiness.2中国人民决不会征服。TheChinesepeoplerefuse_________________3据说他已经完成了他的工作。Heissaid__________________________.4根据报道他们已安全到达。Theyarereported____________________Toloveandtobelovedtogivein/beconqueredtohavefinished/completedhisworktohavearrivedsafely5我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。Iwantthisbike___________________________.6玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了。Maryseemed_____________________________.7众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌。Heisknown________________agoldmedalattheOlympic.toberepairedatonce/immediatelytohavebeentoldaboutittohavebeengivenLet’swrite

我长大后想当一位护士。/医生/老师我的工作就是照顾好病人。/但怎么能做一位出色的护士呢？我需要努力学习。Topic1MydreamIwanttobeanursewhenIgrowup.MyjobistolookafterthepatientsButhowtobeanexcerllentnurse?Ihaveto/needtostudyhard.保护环境人人有责。我们要告诉人们不要再砍伐树木了。我们要分发广告叫人们不要再把污水倒进河里了我们要叫人们循环再用纸。Topic2howtoprotecttheenvironmentToprotecttheenvironmentiseveryone’sduty.=Itiseveryone’sdutytoprotecttheenvironmentWeshouldtellpeoplenottocutdownthetreesanymore.Weshouldhandoutadvertisementstotellpeoplenottopourwastewaterintotheriveranymore.Weshouldaskpeopletorecyclepaper.直击高考作文LastThursday,wehadaclassmeetingtodiscusswheretogoforourspringouting.Wecameupwithseveralchoicessuchasgoingboating,climbingamountain,andgoingtoanamusementpark.Finally,wedecidedtogomountainclimbing.

Thenextday,wesetoffearlyinthemorning.Whileclimbingthemountain,weenjoyedthewarmsunshineandabeautifulview.However,whenreachedthetop,wewereshockedtoseelitterhereandthere,suchasbottlesandbananapeels.Thenwestartedtopickupthelitter.Afterwards,weputtherubbishintothenearbyrecyclingbinandnon-recyclingbinrespectively.Weweretiredbuthappy.一、考查动词不定式的基本构成

[试题精选]1.Mymotheroftenasksme________early.(2003年北京)

A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup2.Theteachertoldherstudents______inpublic.(2003年黑龙江)

A.nottoshoutB.didn'tshoutC.notshoutD.tonotshoutDA

[考点分析]动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,不受人称和数的变化限制,它由“不定式符号(to)+动词原形”构成。其否定式常在to前加not或never构成,句型ask/tellsb.（not）todosth.是命题的热点。二、考查动词不定式作主语[试题精选]1.________isdifficulttoworkontheGreatWall.(2002年甘肃省)

A.thisB.ItC.ThatD.Its2.It'snice________you________mewithmymaths.(2002年深圳市)

A.for;tohelpB.for;helping

C.of;tohelpD.of;helpingBC

[考点分析]动词不定式作主语时,常用it作为形式主语,而将不定式后置。如要说明动词不定式的动作的执行者,可在不定式前加一个介词for引导的短语;但如果表语是kind,nice,clever等描述动作执行者的性格。品质的形容词时,则应在不定式前加一个of引导的短语,而不可用for引导的短语。

It’s+adj+for

sbtodosth.It’snice(kind,clever)ofsbtodosth三、考查动词不定式作宾语[试题精选]1.Theydecided______attheendofthismonth.(2002年济南市)

A.toleaveB.goingC.travelD.notstartout2.Allofusfound______difficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it3.Pleasestop______arestifyoufeeltired.(2002年南宁市)

A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.hasADA

[考点分析]一些动词,如decide,hope,ask等,常接动词不定式作宾语。当动词不定式作宾语时,如果后接宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后,其句型结构为:主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式(短语)?特别是,有些动词(短语)后面可接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,但所表达的意义不同,对此,应该弄清楚它们的区别。常见的这类动词(短语)有:①remember/forgettodosth.记住/忘记要做某事;remember/forgetdoingsth.记得/忘记曾做过某事?②stoptodosth.停下来(正在做的事)去做另一件事;stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事。③goontodosth.做完一件事后,继续做另一件事;goondoingsth.继续做某事。四、考查动词不定式作定语[试题精选]1.There'senoughbirdfood________foramonth.(2001年山西省)

A.tolastB.last

C.lastsD.lasted2.Shehasnopaper________.(2001年重庆市)

A.towriteB.towritewithC.writeonD.towriteonAD

[考点分析]动词不定式作后置定语时,与被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。若动词不定式是不及物动词时,则要带上与之搭配的介词,构成及物动词短语。动词不定式作后置定语,常用于"have+某事+todo"或"enough+名词+todo"结构中。五、考查动词不定式作宾语补足语Motheraskedme________somefruitaftersupper.

A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy2.Lethim________arest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.(2003年济南市)A.haveB.getsC.totakeD.has3.Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.Thefathermadethechildren_____intheroom.(2003年桂林市)A.tostayB.stayC.stayingD.stayed4.-IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang'shomejustnow.-Yes,sheisoftenseen________theoldmanwithhishousework.(2003年呼和浩特市)A.helpB.tohelp

C.helpsD.helpedDABB

[考点分析]有些动词,如teach,want,tell等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,即构成teach/want/tellsb.todosth.结构。但是,动词不定式作使役动词及感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to。这些动词可归纳为"一感(feel),二听(listento,hear),三让(let,have和make),四看(lookat,see,watch,notice)。";在动词help后面作宾语补足语时,to可有可无。注意:以上省略to的动词不定式,在被动语态中都必须加上to,但let不能用于被动语态。特殊情况：1.hadbetter(not)dosth.2.helpsb.(to)dosth.3.make\letsb.dosth.4.see\hear\watchsb.dosth.*see\hear\watchsb.doingsth.

例句：1、你最好不要吸烟。

Youhadbetternotsmoke.2、我们经常帮她提水。

Weoftenhelpher(to)carrywater.3、他老是使我发笑。

Healwaysmakesmelaugh.4、我经常听见他唱歌。

Ioftenhearhimsing.六、考查动词不定式作状语1.YesterdaymorningIgotupearly

________belatefortheexam.(2002年上海市)

A.inordertoB.inordertonot

C.soasnottoD.soasto2.Let's________soasnot________lateforthemeeting.

A.tohurry,toB.tohurry,tobe

C.hurry,tobeD.hurry,beCC[考点分析]

动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词,表示目的,也可以表示结果或原因。为了强调目的,有时可以把动词不定式放在句首,或在不定式前面加inorder或soas。如果不定式为否定形式,要用inordernotto...或soasnotto...。七、考查"连接代(副)词+动词不定式"结构的用法1.There'snodifferencebetweenthetwowords.Ireallydon'tknow________.(2003年河南)

A.whattochooseB.whichtochoose

C.tochoosewhichD.tochoosewhat2.ThestudentsofClassOnewillspendtheirwinterholidayinShenzhen,butthestudentsofClassTwohaven'tdecided________.(2003年广东省)

A.whattobuyB.howtogo

C.wheretogoD.whichtochoose3.________thecomputerisaproblem.

A.HowtouseB.Whattouse

C.WhichtouseD.WheretouseBCA[考点分析]

在英语中有些动词,如ask,decide,tell,know等后可接"疑问代(副)词+动词不定式"作宾语,以此对宾语从句进行简化。注意:进行简化的条件是主句中的主语和从句的主语必须是同一人称。此外,动词不定式还可以和what,where,how,when,which等连接代词(副词)连用,在句中作主语。八、考查固定句式中动词不定式的用法[试题精选]1.-Youlookrathertired.________stoptotakearest?

-Allright.ButI'llhavetoworkforafewmoreminutes.(2002年呼和浩特市)

A.WhynotB.Doyou

C.WhataboutD.Howabout2.TheTVsetistooloud.Willyouplease________?(2002年哈尔滨市)

A.turndownitB.turnitdown

C.toturnitdownD.toturndownitAB

[考点分析]各地中考试题在固定句式中对动词不定式的考查常见的有:①hadbetter(