国内部 四级写作 石雷鹏

新四级写作CET-4北京新东方石雷鹏新浪微博：石雷鹏老师vTOEFL、IELTS、SAT写作、考研、四六级写作、高考写作、中考写作公共邮箱：cet-46writing@neworientalMini-test首先，我祝愿大家更快乐，更健康。AboveofallIcongrataulateallthestudentstohappierthanbefore,bodyishealtier.First,Iwishallstudentsarehappierandhealthier.课程目标从“蔡少芬”到“贝多芬”70分90分480分530分课堂四个板块1.考试概况2.写作基础：词、句3.写作框架：论说文（段、篇）4.应用文、图表作文+翻译整体概况：四级试卷构成答题卡1：写作30min听力30min答题卡2：阅读理解40分钟翻译30分钟总计130分钟试卷结构分析Listening35%Reading35%Writing15%Translation

15%写作概况：1.试题形式Writing：2008年12月Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofLimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBags.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛地使用2.造成的问题3.限制使用的意义2011年12月四级四级真题PartⅠWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledNothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillbycommentingonthehumoroussaying,“Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.I’vedoneithundredsoftimes.”Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.,Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessay.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthenexpressyourviewsontheimportanceofdoingsmallthingsbeforeundertakingsomethingbig.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

写作概况：2.评分方法a.GlobalScoring:globeglobalglobalizeglobalizationb.RewardingScores写作概况：3.评卷实例a.零分作文b.低分作文c.高分作文评卷实例:请思考高分作文特征实例一

英文题目：Bicycles——AnImportantMeansofTransportinChina汉语提纲：(1)为什么自行车在中国这样普及(2)和汽车的比较(3)自行车在中国的前途BicyclesareverypopularinChina.Almosteveryfamilyinthecityhastwoorthreebicycles.Duringtherushhour,youcanseethatthousandsofpeople--manandwoman,oldandyoung--ridetheirbicyclestoworkandstudy.ThatiswhyChinaiscalled“thekingdomofbicycles”.

2006-12题目：OnSpringFestivalGala1.许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春晚2.但是有人提出应取消春晚3.我的看法popular-->popularity首句升级：InChina,bicycleshavegainedgreat/widepopularityamongthepublic.注：1.第一句总写，第二句和第三句分写，最后总写。2.Duringtherushhour分词结构开头。3.破折号内容为同位语,句式多变化。简单句长难句我爱记歌词Inmyeyes,youarethemostbeautiful.Inmyeyes,nooneismorebeautifulthanyou.高分句式1：双重否定结构：No___is/aremore____than___.原句：BicyclesareverypopularinChina.升级：InChina,nomeansoftransportismorepopularandcommonthanbicycles.我能想到最浪漫的事就是和你一起慢慢变老。…nothingismoreattractivetomethanreading`Comparedwithcars,bicyclesaresuperiorinmanyways.

Tobeginwith,theyarecheap,convenientandeasytoride.Inaddition,ridingbicycleisbeneficial/positiveforhealth.Furthermore,theybringnonoisenorairpollution.Though

carsarefasterandmorecomfortable,theyaretooexpensive.Theyconsumeplentyofoilandtheypollutetheair.Sometimes,itisdifficultforadrivertoparkhiscar.Moreovertheyoften/frequentlycausetrafficjamsandaccidents.

写作用词积累常用理由：便宜：cheap/economical/inexpensive方便：convenient/convenience/inconvenience对…有益begood/beneficial/rewardingforInmyopinion,thefutureofbicycleisverypromising.SinceChinaisadevelopingcountryandhasalargepopulation,Ithink,ridingbicycleisappropriatetoChinesepresentconditions.Itwillbeanimportantmeansoftransportationforquitealongtime.

Inmyopinion

Iamconvincedthat…Tomyunderstanding,Veryrather/particularly/exceedinglyThink–deemAnimportantasignificant高分特征：1.内容相关（切题即可）2.结构清晰（新闻联播三段论）3.语言精彩（连贯、通顺、词句多变）如何做到内容切题和结构清晰？3步法：a.审读英文指令（和汉语提纲）b.将三提纲转化为英文句子充当主题句(若提纲是两个则添加一个或拆分其中之一)c.将主题句扩展成英文段落内容如何扩展？以TOEFL写作为例：万能话题：环境类a.在你家周围建一个工厂，你是否同意？b.你认为科学家对人类的贡献大还是艺术家对人类的贡献大？c.你的职业梦想是什么？d.如果让你发明一样机器，你会选择什么？e.如果你有一笔钱，你会用它来做什么？Adequate以四级考试为例1.英语很重要2.学习英语中的困难3.如何学好英语1992-61.你在英语学习中有哪些困难?2.你是如何克服这些困难的?HowIOvercamemyDifficultiesinLearningEnglish1993-61.我最喜爱的电视(或无线电)节目是…...2.这类节目的内容和特点3.我喜欢它的原因1994-61.人们对职业各有不同的理想2.我理想的职业是什么3.我怎样为我理想的职业做准备1997-11.怎样理解“熟能生巧”?2.例如：在英语学习中…3.又如…PracticeMakesPerfect2000-11.上大学的费用(tuitionandfees)可以通过多种途径解决2.哪种途径适合于我(说明理由)HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation2000-61.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是…2.也有人持不同意见...3.我的看法和打算IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessary2003.61.简单叙述一下这位同学生病(或受伤)的情况2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是……2003.12真题1.建议报考的专业及理由2.报考该专业的基本条件3.应当如何备考2005.1真题1.你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力、性格、爱好等)可以胜任学生会主席的工作2.如果当选,你将为本校同学做些什么2005年6月真题1.向老师致以节日祝贺。2.从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献。3.我如何回报老师的关爱。2006-6月真题

1.校学生会将组织一次暑期志愿者活动，现招募志愿者。2.本次志愿者活动的目的，内容、安排等。3.报名条件及联系方式。2007年6月真题欢迎辞，Welcometoourclub1.

表达你的欢迎；2.

对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。2007年12月1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课3.以你自己为例…2010年6月CET-4写作1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写。2.出现这种情况的原因。3.如何避免这一问题DueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpelling请记住：内容上熟悉什么就写什么语言精彩句子结构词多变：a.遣词b.造句遣词两方面：ThespeechbyObamaIfthereisanyoneouttherewhostilldoubtsthatAmericaisaplace

whereallthingsarepossible,whostillwondersifthedreamofour

foundersisaliveinourtime,who

stillquestionsthepowerofour

democracy,tonightisyouranswer.遣词两方面：1.广度：awide/richvarietyof..a.同义词法b.同根词法succeed–success--sucessfulc.范畴词法：下义词上义词相关词汇d.代词替换:某类群体：peoplewho…thosewhothosewithEg:think:deem=claim=hold=argue=maintain=…2.深度：弃用第一反应词:academicClever---intelligentEg:importantsignificant=essential=crucial=indispensable…Exercise:veryimportant=ofgreatimportanceveryvaluable=ofgreat_____verysignificant=ofgreat______verynecessary=ofgreat______veryvaluable=ofgreatvalueverysignificant=ofgreatsignificance

verynecessary=ofgreatnecessity造句：中英文差异Ifyoudon’tknow,whoknows?你不知道谁知道？Workhardandmakeprogresseveryday.好好学习，天天向上如何避免Chinglish“hardforgetting”“heartflowerangryopen”“Myheartissevenupeightdown”“yougivemestop”“fuckfood”

Yesterdaynight,Iwaskickedbymygirlfriend.Sheranawaywithasmallwhiteface.Sheismygreenplumandbamboohorse.However,couldyoupleasetellmywhytheinjuredisalwaysme.Iamveryregretthatshespentmealotofmoney.造句原则a.切忌逐字翻译b.汉语意思英文结构…ifitisconvenientforyou(tocome)造句基础：简单句长难句简单句：XiaoShenyangisdisgusting.Ilikeher.并列句：XSYisdisgustingandIlikeher.复合句：Ifyoushedtearswhenyoumissthesun,youwillalsomissthestars.简单句长难句我看到人。今天，我在电视上看到一个高高的、瘦瘦的、留着披肩发、踩着高跟鞋、穿着花裙子、潇洒飘逸的男人。短长：加修饰成分名词前：加形容词、同位语、定语从句简单句：加状语（时间、地点、目的、方式等）2008：娱乐活动多种多样。5words:Therearemanyrecreationalactivities.33words:Inrecentyears,owingtothespeedydevelopmentofoursociety,thereareagreatmanyrecreationalactivitiesinpeople’sdailylife,whichincludesports,watchingTV,surfingtheInternet,andplayinggames.句式多变被动句名词性从句定语从句含同位语的句式Itis句式6.Therebe句式7.强调句型8.倒装句型9.双重否定10.Ving状语句式1.被动句a.Youcanseethat...

Itcanbenoticedthat…b.Isuggestthat____should___

Itissuggestedthat__should___c.Sb.should…

Thegovernmentishighlyexpected(hoped)tosupportmuseumswithfinance.sbiswell-advisedtodo…2.名词性从句a.主语从句b.宾语从句c.表语从句d.同位语从句Eg:描述负面话题使某人吃惊的是：Tosb’ssurprise,…主语从句替换：Whatmakesmesurprisedisthat…that引导？？Ithinkthat…

whatmakesmeconvincedisthat…whatconvincesmeisthat…

Iamconvincedthat…(that引导？)Itismyfirmbeliefthat…(that引导？)Weshouldrememberthat…

Whatweshouldkeepinmindisthat…翻译2008.12：88whatmostparentsareconcernedabout2009.6：Whatmanypeopledonotrealize2007-12:91ismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanborrow.3.定语从句定从写作步骤：a.写出正确简单句，并确定中心话题(名词)b.中心话题后加入定从，关系词：who/whose/which/where/wheniEg:他是个从来不听磁带的人。两步：a.Heisaman.

b.Heisaman

whoneverlistenstoanytapes.2010年6月学生英语拼写错误多的原因：a.MostEnglishtestsarebasedonchoosingcorrectanswers.b.MostEnglishtestsarebasedonchoosingcorrectanswers,inwhichspellingisnotanecessity.2010年12月很多家长为孩子包办一切a.Manyfamilieshavebecomekids’kingdoms.b.Manyfamilieshavebecomekids’kingdoms,whereparentsdoeverythingfortheirchildren.翻译：2008.12：87that/whichtheyhavenotfoundanswerstoComparedwiththeplacewhereIgrewup,4.含同位语句式：身份大学校园：名校校园正成为旅游新热点Nowadays,famousuniversitycampuses,astheIvoryTowers,havebecomeoneofthemostpopulartouristattractions.A.主谓：Michaelwillsucceed.B.主谓宾：IloveWSL.C.主系表：SLPisugly.D.主谓双宾：WeiXiaobaogaveSkyanEnglishdictionary.E.主谓宾宾补：Tulongdaomakesmanypeopleselfish.表达自己的观点Iamconvincedthat

As？？,Iamconvincedthat…

Asastudent,I…

Asacollegestudent,I…

Asoneofcollegestudents,I…

I,as…,amconvincedthat…Moregelivableexpressions

I,aswellasmanyothers,amconvincedthat…

Ithinkthat…

=Asoneofmoderncollegestudents,I,aswellasmanyothers,amconvincedthat…5.itis句式三种形式：Itis+形容词/名词/被动+that从句或todo三种功能：建议/事实/观点建议：Itisabsolutelynecessary

forteenagerstomanagetheirownbusinessandimprovetheirindependence.事实：Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatconstructinggreencampusesisofgreatimportance.观点：Somepeoplearguethatitisagoodthingforthestudentstovisitthefamousuniversitycampus,wherestudentscan…6.Therebe句式我有花一朵长在我心间。Ihaveaflowerisgrowinginmyheart.Thereisaflower(whichis)growinginmyheart.1.定语从句:thereare200studentswhoareattendingacourseattentively.

2.doing3.ed:thereare200students(whowere)borninBJ.4.介词短语thereare200studentsfromBJ.

5.形容词短语表原因：Thereareseveralreasonsaccountingfor/behind/responsibleforthisphenomenon,butthefollowingmaybethemostcritical.表目的：Thereareseveralpurposesforsbtodo…,but…表建议：Thereareseveralwaysinwhich….,but...表好处：Generallyspeaking,thereareseveralpositiveaspects/merits/benefitsfor…to…,butthe…表弊端：Apparentlyenough,thereareseveralnegativeaspects/demerits/drawbacks/faults,whichweshouldnotturnablindeyeto.7.强调句型a.Idoloveyou.b.Itis+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分IlovedKungfuItwasKungfuthatIloved.写作步骤：1）正确写出简单句，确定被强调成分2）将Itis…that或Itwas…that放在被强调成分两旁。2011年翻译89.Itismymother_____(一直鼓励我不要灰心)whenIhavedifficultiesinmystudy.答案：第一步.mymotherkeepsencouragingmenottoloseheart第二步：itismymotherwhokeepsencouragingmenottoloseheartFreeadmissionbringsconveniencetothousandsofvisitors.Itisfreeadmissionthatbringsconvenienceto…8.倒装句型a.表否定的副词或短语位于句首或主语之前，主句半倒装(一般疑问句语序)Iwillneveragree.

NeverwillIagree.

Withoutastrongwill,nevercanoneachievesuccess.大纲样题：Notonly______________(他不仅收费过高)，hedidnotdotherepairworkwell.Notonly,notuntil,never,hardly,rarely,scarcely,seldom,neither,innocase,onnoaccount,bynomeans,2.Only+状语+半倒装：Whensheisjustbymyside,Icanfeelthetruehappiness.2013-0689.Onlywhenweareindifficultiesandinneedofhelp,______________canwerealizethesignificanceoffriendship.

c.“as/though”倒装:Although

ZYKisagirl,sheiscalledBrotherZeng.Girlas/thoughZYKis,sheiscalledBrotherZeng.欲抑先扬/欲扬先抑"Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.I'vedoneithundredsoftime."评论：Simpleasthesayingis,whatitconveystousisthought-provoking.10.Ving状语Iclimbedthestairs.Itookasuitcase.

Iclimbedthestairs,takingasuitcase.Livinginaneraofinformation,wehaveaccesstoarich/widevarietyof…规则：两个动作同时发生，主语一致：将其中次要动作写成Ving形式句式多变被动句名词性从句定语从句含同位语的句式Itis句式6.Therebe句式7.强调句型8.倒装句型9.双重否定10.Ving状语句式Whichisthemostdifficult?高分写作篇VIP段句词论说文段落层面：1.现象描述2.问题分析3.原因分析4.意义阐述5.建议措施6.观点阐述(利弊)篇章层面六种段落的排列组合篇章写作：四级写作题材划分2005年12月-2011年6月1.议论文：11次2.应用文：2次3.图表作文：0次议论文1.问题解决型2.观点对比型3.现象描述型近年考题分析近年考题分析写作原则1.开篇精彩2.起承转合开篇精彩SG：Youaresobeautiful!Iloveyou.MM:Gun!SG：MayIhavedirections?MM:Towhere?SG:Toyourheart.MM:…附录：论说文三种文体写作思路详解1.问题解决型写作思路2．观点对比型写作思路3．现象描述型写作思路1.问题解决型写作思路Ⅰ段.提出问题Ⅱ段.分析问题（原因/危害）Ⅲ段.解决问题（建议措施）Ⅰ.提出问题段落3句：引出问题+具体描述+总结问题1）引出问题：☆首句1.Onmanycampuses/Inthecontemporarysociety/Nowadays,ithasbecomea(prevalent)trend/tendencyfor_____to_____.☆首句2.Inthepresent-daysociety,(nobodycouldhavefailedtonoticethefactthat)__________hasbecomeagrave/seriousproblem.Agraveproblem

积极：acommon/popularphenomenon/practice☆首句3.Inrecentyears,(itcanbenoticedthat)_____________than(ever)before.(比较级引出问题)☆首句4：InChina,_________has/havegainedgreat/widepopularityamong_______.或：Thepopularityof__________willhavegreatinfluenceonourwork,studyandeverydaylife.2）具体描述：二句1：（事实描述）Inthemeanwhile,/However,anincreasingnumberofindividuals/peoplefinditdifficult/hard/troublesometo_______.Anincreasingnumberof:agrowingnumberof/ahostofFinddeem/regard负面：difficult正面：inexpensive/convenient/beneficial/comfortable二句2：（举例描述1）Acaseinpointofthisis/Atypicalexampleofthisis/Thisphenomenoncanbebestillustratedbythefactthat.

☆（举例描述2）Turningalookaround,wecanfindagreatmany/plentyof/agooddealofexampleslikethis.However,forthesakeoftimeandroom,Iwillnotlistallofthem.二句3：(举例描述3)：Ourdailylifehasbeenfilledwithavarietyofexamples,(butthefollowingwillsuffice:)______________.二句4：（调查法描述：）(Accordingtoarecentsurvey,)amajority/72.34%ofpeople/students/individuals/citizens/residentsadmit/reckon/acknowledgethat_______.Amajorityofaminorityof…3）总结问题：承上+启下三句1：（承上）Thus/Therefore/Hence,（启下）howtocultivateteenagers’independenceeffectivelyhasbecomeamatterofconcern.☆三句2：（承上）Asaresult/Consequently/Accordingly，（启下）_____requires/necessitates/callsforcloseattentionofthewholesociety.三句3:(承上)So,（启下1）dueattentionshouldbepaidto_____/（或）weshouldkeepaweathereyeon____.Ⅱ.分析问题（原因/危害）四句话：主题句+原因1/危害1+原因2/危害2+原因总结/危害①分析危害：主题句主题句1：Such_phenomenon_are/isboundto(generate/engender/resultin/giveriseto/leadto)(severe/negative/serious)(consequences/effects/impacts)ifwekeepturningablindeye.☆主题句2:Apparentlyenough,therearesomenegativeimpactswhichweshouldnotignore/neglect.☆主题句3：Quiteobviously,itisofgreatnecessitytofigureoutthenegativeinfluencesbehindit.主题句4：Totacklethisproblem,itisofgreat/vitalsignificancetoanalyzethepotentialnegativeimpactsofthismatter.①分析危害：危害写法☆危害1：Tobeginwith,_____maydamage/hurt/injure/harm/impair/underminetheover-alldevelopmentof______,(because____________).Over-allsustainable

☆危害2：Moreover,(强调句式)itis_____thatdoesnotenable____tobuildup/enjoy/expand.Physicalhealth/psychologicalfitness（well-being）足够:enough/adequate危害3：Inaddition/Furthermore/Whatisworse/Besides,___________setbadexamplestoyoungsters/others,leadingthemto______.危害4：Then,itismanifestthatwearedeveloping/gaining__________attheexpense/cost/riskof_____________.得：convenience/pleasure/profit失：resources/time/energy/morality/honesty☆危害5：Besides,(itcanbearguedthat)_____meansorequalsagravewasteoftime/energy/naturalresources.错误：Playinggameswastestime.万能危害：If___letthissituationcontinueasitis,wedonotknowwhere____willbeintheforthcomingfuture.危害总结1：Ashasbeennoted,____do/doesimpactour____negativelytoalarge/someextent.i☆危害总结2：Toconclude,(itisundeniablethat)thebadimpactsof_____canneverbeturnedablindeyeto.②分析原因：主题句主题句1：Generallyspeaking,severalreasonscanaccountforthisphenomenon.(中性话题)☆主题句2：Ingeneral,thereareseveralreasons/factors/causes/purposesresponsiblefor____,butthefollowingmaybethemostcritical.（中性话题）主题句3：Itisevidentthatthecausesof____arediverse.主题句4：Tosolve/dealwith/addressthisworrying/disturbingissue,itisofvitalsignificancetodetermine/explore/ascertain/investigatethepossiblereasons.②分析原因：☆原因1：Inthefirstplace,_thepresent-dayfamilystructureistherootcause.Anillustrationofthispointwouldbethatineachfamily,thereisonlyonechildwhoislovedbynotonlyparents,butalsograndparents

.(原因+实例说明)原因2：Inthesecondplace,_____constituteanothermajorcause.Specifically,_______.(原因+具体说明).asparents,theyarefirmlyconvincedthatlovingtheirchildrenmeansprovidingeverythingforthem.原因3：Inaddition,socialprejudice/ignoranceplaysacriticalroleinthisissue.Emphasis原因4：Besides,the__policybeingcarriedoutin__(doesn’t)enables__to_______.relatedputgreat/noemphasisonM原因5:（强调句式）Itis_____thatmakes/attracts/enables____to___.Itiswidejobopportunitiesthatattractstudentstoattendthetests.万能原因：Asamatteroffact,peopleinmounting/largenumbershave(not)cometorealizetheimportance/necessity/convenienceof___for___.②分析原因：原因总结原因总结1：Consequently,____hasnotbeenemphasized.☆原因总结2：Asaconsequence,____paidrelativelylessattentionto_____.原因总结3：Allinall,________________.Ⅲ.解决问题（建议措施）三句=总结+建议1+建议2+展望总结句1:Inviewoftheseriousnessofthesituation,effectivemeasuresshouldbetakenbeforethingsgetworse.seriousnessprevalence鉴于

总结句2：Therefore/Thus/Hence/Accordingly/Totacklethisproblem,itishightimethatwetookfeasiblestepstostop/limit/restrainthistrend.重视：putgreatemphasison总结句3：People’swaystosolvethisproblemdovary/differ.（☆替换：1.Thereareavarietyofwaysinwhichpeoplecantacklethisproblem.或2.Itisapparentthatwaystotacklethisissuearevarious.）Some_____;some______;someothers_____.建议1：Itisessentialthatlawsandregulationsshouldbeworkedoutandenforcedtoban/forbid/support/guide/______.☆建议2：Itissuggestedthatparentsshouldenhance/promote/cultivate/strengthentheirawarenessoflovingtheirkidsappropriately.建议3：Itisabsolutelynecessary/important/significantfor____to____建议4：Secondly,____arehighlyhoped/expected/well-advisedto______.

☆建议5：Weshouldeducate/advocate/encourage_____to_____.Weshouldeducate,advocateandencourageourfriends,classmatesandacquaintancesto_becautiouswhen...__.展望未来1：Onlybydoingso,canwehopetowitnesstheidealscenesinwhich____enjoy____totheutmost.Inthemeanwhile,展望未来2：Sparingnoeffortstodoso,wecanwitnessapromisingandhopefulfutureof_____.

2010年6月CET-4写作解析DueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpelling1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写。2.出现这种情况的原因。3.如何避免这一问题解析：本次四级考试的题目是四级考试中出现过多次的作文话题：英语学习。在本人的四级写作课堂上一再强调“英语学习”这一话题的重要性，参加过辅导的同学应该印象深刻。本次作文的写作为问题解决型，课堂上改作文的写作思路已经多次强调：即，提出问题、分析问题（原因）、解决问题（措施）。以下为课堂句式所写范文：DueAttentionShouldBeGiventoSpellingInChina,Englishlearninghasgainedgreatpopularityamongstudents.

However,itcanbenoticedthatlearnersmakemuchmoremistakesinspellingthaneverbefore.

Therefore,thisproblemhasbecomeamatterofconcernforteachersandstudents.分析问题（原因）总：Generallyspeaking,thereareseveralreasonsaccountingforthisphenomenon.

分：Tobeginwith,whilewriting,studentstendtotypeoncomputers,whichcancorrectspellingmistakesautomatically.Inaddition,mostEnglishtestsarebasedonchoosingcorrectanswers,inwhichspellingisnotanecessity.

总：Consequently,theabilitytospellcorrectlyhasnotbeenemphasized.建议措施总：Totacklethisissue,Iamconvincedthat“Practicemakesperfect.”分：First,allEnglishlearners–studentsfromprimaryschools,middleschoolsandcolleges–arehighlyhopedtopracticeword-spelling.Second,itissuggestedthatEnglishexamsshouldbereformed,inwhichcorrectspellingshouldbeabasicrequirement.总：Onlybydoingso,canlearnershopetowitnessidealscenesinwhichtheymakenospellingmistakes.（178words）2010年12月四级范文Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled

HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?

Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.

目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2.

为了让孩子独立,

父母应该……试题分析：虽然只给出了两个提纲，但是通过转化可以写成三个段落：即提出问题、分析问题、解决问题三个角度去写。以下是按照课堂所讲写作思路写出的范文；(画线部分是上课提供补充讲义上的原句表达)首段三句话：引出问题+具体描述+总结问题Inrecentdecades,itcanbenoticedthat

muchmorekidsbecomedependentontheirparents

thaneverbefore.Atypicalexampleofthisisthat

parentshavetodoeverythingfortheirchildren:food,clothes,educationandsoon.

Thus,howto

cultivatechildren’sindependence

hasbecomeamatterofconcern.二段分析问题：总+原因1/2+总总：Toaddressthisworryingissue,itisofvitalsignificancetoinvestigatethepossiblereasons.原因1：Inthefirstplace,thecurrentfamilystructure

istherootcause.Anillustrationofthispointwouldbethat

inmostfamilies,thereisonlyonechild,whooftenisthecenteroffamily.

原因2：Inthesecondplace,parents’inappropriateloveconstitutesanothermajorreason.总：Asaconsequence,parentspayrelativelylessattentionto

thecultivationofchildren’sindependence.三段解决问题：总+建议+展望未来Accordingly,itishightimethatparentstookfeasiblestepstorestrainthistrend.

First,itissuggestedthattheparentsshouldenhancetheirawarenessof

lovinginanappropriatemanner.

Second,

fathersandmothers

shouldadvocateandencourage

teenagerstoliveonthemselvesafter18yearsold.Younggenerations’promisingandhopefulfutureisjustawaitingusifparentssparenoeffortstodoso.(214words)2．观点对比型写作思路Ⅰ段：现象描述（即引入主题）+支持方观点（利）Ⅱ段：反方观点（弊）Ⅲ段：我的观点Ⅰ段（4句）：1句：现象描述（即引入主题）+1句支持方观点主题句+2句原因描述现象1：Livinginaneraof_fiercecompetition_,weareconfrontedwithavarietyof_pressures_.描述现象2：Nobodycouldhavefailedtonoticethefactthatmoreandmore_____描述现象3:Inrecentdecades,____has/havegainedgreatpopularityamong_____.现象描述4：Itcanbenoticedthatmanypeople–menandwomen,theoldandtheyoung–…现象描述5：Therehasbeenmuchcontroversyover____inthepastdecades.现象描述6：Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat______.现象描述7：Thepastyears/decadeshaveseen/witnessedthehuge/speedyadvancement/developmentofpeople’slivingstandards/quality.支持方主题句1：Somearguethatitisabsolutelynecessaryto______because_theybringbenefits_.支持方主题句2：Anumberofindividualsfavor/prefer_____owingtoits/theiradvantages.

支持方主题句3：Thosewhoareinfavorof____claimthat____.支持方观点1：Intheireyes,without_lovingexperience_,itisimpossibleforindividualsto_becomematureincharacter_.支持方观点2：Theyalsopointoutthat_____willbringgreatbenefit/convenienceto____;thus,theywillhavemoreopportunities/time/energyto____.支持方观点3:Whatmakesthemconvincedisthat____isofgreatvalue/necessity/significanceforthemto_____.支持方观点4：Intheiropinion,_____willdefinitelypromotethedevelopment/efficiencyof_____,which,otherwise,wouldbeimpossible.支持方观点5：Theyfirmlybelievethat____willenablethemtoenrichtheirsocial/academic/professionalexperienceandbroadentheirhorizons.支持方观点6：Anotherevidentadvantage/merit/strength/benefitisthat____mayafford/offer/provideentertainment/pleasure/enjoyablelife.Ⅱ段：反方观点（弊）(三句=主题句+反方观点1+反方观点2)主题句1：Evenso,othersholdadifferentviewthat____carriessomerisks/doubts.主题句2：Others,however,regarditdifferently.主题句3：Advantageous/beneficial/rewarding/good/popularasitis,othershaveanoppositeperspective.主题句4：Inspiteofalltheseclaims,othersmaintainthatitisunnecessaryto____反方观点1：_____meansagreatamountoftime,moneyandenergy;therefore,_____maybeafflicted.反方观点2：Tosomeextenttheiropinionderivesfromthefactthat______are/isalreadyunderconsiderable___burden,and___wouldonlyaddtotheirpressure.反方观点3：Intheireyes,____callsfor/requires/necessitiesplentyoftime,energyandmoney;nonetheless,theresult/qualityisnotassatisfactoryasexpected.反方观点4：Inaddition,whatworriesmanyparents/teachersisthatsome_____mayexert/generate/havenegativeinfluenceon_____.Forinstance,some_____;some_____;some______.pornographic/violentⅢ段：我的观点3句我的观点+理由+展望未来我的观点1：Inmyopinion,theadvantagesof_____willfaroutweighits/theirdisadvantages.我的观点2：I,aswellasmanyothers,amconvincedthat_____willdomoregoodthanharm.我的观点3：Asacollegestudent,Iamfirmlyconvincedthatitisnecessaryforusto____.我的观点4：（折中型）Whoisright?Ithinkthereissomethingrightinbotharguments.However,whatconvincesmeisthatweshould____firstly.Then,wearealsoexpectedto_______.理由句：写法同第一段和第二段展望未来：同问题解决型展望未来写法。观点对比型实例2008-6：Recreationalactivities1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生我的看法RecreationalActivities描述现象：Inthecontemporarysociety,avarietyofrecreationalactivitieshavegainedgreatpopularityamongindividuals.Turningalookaround,wecanfindagreatmanyexamples:traveling,sports,playinggamesandsoon.Somepeoplearguethat

itisabsolutelynecessaryforpeopletoparticipateintheseactivities,becausetheybringconvenienceandbenefit.Intheireyes,withouttheseactivities,itisimpossiblefor

individualstoeasetheirworkingandstudyingpressure.Moreover,whatmakesthemconvincedisthatenjoyingrecreationaltimeisofgreatsignificanceforthemtomakefriends.

二段：反方观点主题句：Beneficialas

theseactivitiesare,othershaveanoppositeperspective.反方原因1：First,theyarguethattakingpartinthemmeansagreatamountoftime,moneyandenergy;therefore,theirworkmaybeafflicted.Inaddition,

whatworriesmanyparentsorteachers

isthatsomegames(gamblingorcomputergames)mayhavenegativeinfluenceonteenagers’learning.尾段：我的看法（折中型）Whoisright?Ithinkthereissomethingrightinbotharguments.However,whatconvincesmeisthatweshouldattachmoreimportancetoourstudyorworkfirstly.Then,wearealsoexpectedto