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PartFourLanguageStudyENTERLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll
WordStudy
PhrasesandExpressionsWordBuilding
GrammarLanguageStudyContentsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudyWordlist:bandclear-cutcoercecondemn9.manipulate10.reword11.spontaneous12.stifle13.tribute5.confinement6.frivolous7.humane8.incentiveLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy1.band
Thebandplayedwhilewedanced.Abandofstudentsbroughttheirgrievancesbeforethedean.Sheworearedbandinherhair.Thepeoplebandedtogetheragainsttherobbers.Translation乐队一群带子结合在一起Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy2.clear-cut a.a.
definiteandeasytounderstand,recognize,ormakeadecisionabout
b.havingadefiniteoutershape
Examples:Thesituationwasnotasclear-cutashe’dhaveliked.theclear-cutoutlineofthemountainsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordSodoingsth.Example:Therebelscoercedthevillagersintohidingthemfromthearmy.WordformationLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAlln.coerciona.coerciveCompelforcesynonymsWordStudy
4.condemn v.
a.tosaypubliclythatyouthinksb.orsth.isbadorwrong
b.togivesb.aseverepunishment
c.toforcetoliveinanunpleasantwayortodosth.unpleasantExamples:Politicianshavecondemnedtheattacks.Theprisonerwascondemnedtodeath.Alargeproportionofsuchchildrenarecondemnedtofail.wordformationTranslation谴责惩罚迫使陷于不幸境地Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAlln.condemnationWordStudy n.theactofputtingsb.inaroom,prisonetc.orthestateofbeingthereconfine
v.
a.
tokeepwithinbounds
b.tokeepsb.inaplace
c.tostopspreadingExamples:Ishallattempttoconfinethediscussiontobroadprinciples.Illhealthkepthimconfinedtohisroom.Theyconfinedthefiretotheengineroom.5.confinementLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy6.frivolous a.
a.notserious,especiallyinawaythatisnotsuitableforaparticularoccasion
b.afrivolouspersonlikeshavingfunratherthandoingseriousorsensiblethingsExamples:Thecourtdiscouragesfrivolouslawsuits.Shehasafrivolousnatureandwon'ttakeanythingseriously.wordformationTranslation不严肃的, 草率的2.轻浮的Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAlln.frivolityad.frivolouslyWordStudya.
characterizedbykindness,mercy,orcompassionExample:Theywritelettersdemandinghumanetreatmentofprisoners.Morewords:7.humanehumanismhumanitarianhumanitytheHumanities人道主义,人文主义博爱的,人道主义的人类,仁慈人文学科Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy8.incentive n.sth.thatencouragesyoutoworkharder,startnewactivitiesetc.Examples:Withpricessolow,thereisnoincentiveforthefarmers.Wewanttogivepeopleincentivestousepublictransport.(incentivetodosth.)Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy9.manipulate v.
a.toinfluencesb.orcontrolsth.inacleverordishonestway
b.toskillfullyhandle,controlorusesth.Examples:Hemanipulatedpublicopinioninhisfavor.Shemanipulatedthelightstogetjusttheeffectshewanted.Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy10.reword v.tosayorwritesth.againindifferentwordsinordertomakeiteasiertounderstandormoresuitable
Example:Ifwerewordthetelegramwecansaveone-thirdofthecost.Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy11.spontaneous a.happeninginanaturalwaywithoutbeingplannedorthoughtaboutExample:Hewassuddenlyfilledwithtearsofspontaneousemotion.WordformationLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllad.spontaneouslyn.spontaneousnessWordStudy12.stifle v.a.tofeelormake(sb.)unabletobreathebecauseoflackoffreshair
b.tosuppresssth.,torestrainExamples:Wewerestifling
inthathotroomwithallthewindowsclosed.CriticshaveaccusedtheUSoftryingtostifledebate.Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordStudy13.tribute n.sth.yousay,doorbuildtoshowthatyourespectandadmiresb.Examples:Theyshowedtheprogramasatributetothetwomen.I’dliketopaytributetothepartyworkersforalltheirhardwork.Thisyear’ssuccessisatributetoallyourhardwork.TheendofWordStudy.Translation颂扬公开赞扬证明,标志Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllList:astoattachtobranchoutbuildintogetacross6.getinthewayof7.inproportionto8.thelion’sshare9.regardlessof10.runinto11.striveforPhrasesandExpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll(formal)concerningsb.orsth.Examples:Idon'tknowanythingastotheothers.Thereissomedoubtastowhethertheinformationistotallyaccurate.1.astoPhrasesandExpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll
tobeconnectedwithsb./sth.Examples:Pleaseattachtheropetoabranchofthetree.Therewillbeconsiderableprestigeattachedtohisnewposition.Thehospitalisattachedtothatuniversity.2.attachtosb./sth.PhrasesandExpressionsRelatedexpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllTobecontinuedonthenextpage.PhrasesandExpressionsattachimportance/significance/valuetosth.
tothinkthatsth.isimportantortrueBothherparentsattachgreatimportancetoeducation.attachalabeltosb.
tothinkofsb.ashavingaparticularnatureSheisawritertowhomthelabel“feminist”isoftenattached.attachoneselfto
tospendtimewithsb.orbecomepartofagroupTheysoonattachedthemselvestoagroupofwomendiscussingthenextday’sactivities.Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllPhrasesandExpressions3.branchout
tostartdoingsth.newordifferentExamples:Inthelongerterm,thecompanywantstobranchoutintoprovidinginvestmentadvice.Hewantedtoleavethecompanyandbranchoutonhisown.Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllPhrasesandExpressions
toconstructorincludeasanintegralpartofsth.Examples:Thecostofhiringequipmentshouldbebuiltintoyourcalculations.Theyhadbuiltinawardrobewithmirroreddoors.build-ina.formingapartofsth.thatcannotbeseparatedfromit. abuild-inmicrophone/build-inbehaviors4.buildinto/buildinLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll
tomakepeopleunderstandsth.Examples:HesometimeshastroublegettinghismeaningacrossinEnglish.Whatmessageareyoutryingtogetacrosstotheconsumer?(getsth.acrosstosb.)IwastryingtogetacrosshowmuchIadmiredhim.(getacross+how/what)5.getacrossPhrasesandExpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll topreventsth.fromhappeningExample:Ineverletunimportantdetailsgetinthewayofagoodplan.6.getinthewayofsth.PhrasesandExpressionsRelatedexpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllTobecontinuedonthenextpage.get/beinthe/sb’swayYouwillgetinthewayifyoustayinthekitchen.CanImovethebooks?Theyareinmyway.notstand/getinsb’swayIwon’t
standinyourwayifyouaredetermined.be/get/keepoutofthe/sb’swayMakesurethekidskeepoutofthewaywhileIamworking.PhrasesandExpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllrelativetoExamples:Childrentendtohaverelativelylargerheadsthanadultsinproportiontotherestoftheirbody.Paymentwillbeinproportiontotheworkdone,nottothetimespentdoingit.Thepunishmentwasoutofallproportiontothecrime.7.inproportiontoPhrasesandExpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll
thelargestpartofsth.Examples:Thelion’sshareofhismoneywenttohisgrandchildren.8.thelion’ssharePhrasesandExpressions”lion”phrasesLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllTobecontinuedonthenextpage.PhrasesandExpressionslionheartedlion-hunterlioninthewayinthelion’sdenbethrown/tossed
tothelionsmakealionofsb.Alionathome,
amouseabroad.大胆的,勇猛的巴结社会名流的人拦路虎,可怕的障碍身处险境被置于危险境地使某人红极一时在家象狮子, 出外象老鼠。Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll withoutbeingaffectedorinfluencedbysth.Examples:Theremustbeequalityofrightsforallcitizens,regardlessofnationality.Thebuildingworkwillproceedregardlessofwhetherthereisanagreement.(regardlessof+how/what/whyetc.)9.regardlessofPhrasesandExpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll
a.
tomeetsb.whenyoudidnotexpect b.tohitsb.orsth.byaccidentwhileyouaredrivingExamples:GuesswhoIranintothismorning?Atruckranintome(hitmycar)thismorning.runintomillions/hundreds/thousandsetc.
toreachaparticularamountrunintotrouble/difficulty/problemsetc. tostarttohavetrouble/difficultyetc.10.runintoPhrasesandExpressionsLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll
tomakealotofeffortstoachievesth.Examples:Moreandmorewomenarestrivingformorefreedom.Westrivetobeaccurate,butsomemistakesareinevitable.11.striveforPhrasesandExpressionsTheendofPhrasesandExpressions.Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordBuildingList:
prefix—counter
prefix—down
prefix—non
conversionLesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllWordBuildingcounterforce(10)counter-:theoppositeofsth.matchingsth.counterattackcounterrevolutioncountermeasurecounteractcounterculturecounterpart反攻,反击反革命对策对抗,抵消反文化对应的人或物Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAlldowntrodden(5)WordBuildingdown-:atortowardsthebottomorlowerpartofsth.
downgradedownstairsdownhearteddownsize
downmarket
downriver
贬低,轻视
在楼下,往楼下沮丧的裁员(商品、服务)低档的顺流地Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAll
noncooperationnonaggression
noninterventionnonsticknonfictionnonstopnonalignednon-essentialWordBuildingnon-:not
不合作
互不侵犯不干涉(锅)不粘的非小说类作品不停的不结盟的Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllhandoutsetuptakeoffcomebackbreakthroughcutbackcheckupshutdownwalkoutsit-inconversion(转化)Wordbuilding传单机构
起飞
恢复突破缩减审查关闭罢工静坐TheendofWordBuilding.动态动词转化为名词Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllGrammarNounclause
Nounclausecanbeclassifiedassubjectiveclause,predictiveclause,objectiveclauseandappositiveclause.Nounclausesareintroducedbyawh-word,what+nounphrase,how+adj./adv.andtheconjunctionthat,whether,if.Tobecontinuedonthenextpage.Lesson12-TheNeedsThatDriveUsAllThatwehaveoftenbeenwrongedandseekrevengeismuch
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