状语从句专题

高考一轮复习之语法专题AdverbialClauses

状语从句复合句名词性从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句定语从句状语从句I.定义在复合句中作状语用的从句叫状语从句。状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子。引导状语从句的一般为连词，也可有词组。状语从句可以在句首，也可在句中或句末。1.Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(

)3.Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.（）4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.()6.Aslongasyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceed.()7.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.()8.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.()9.Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.()时间地点原因目的结果条件让步方式II.分类比较引导时间状语从句的连词：

1.AdverbialClausesofTime:（时间状语从句）1.when/while/as2.before/after/since3.till/until4.assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theinstant,theminute…,ondoing…hardly….when,nosooner….than5.time名词短语：bythetime,everytime,thefirsttime等。when/as/while用法辨析when(atorduringthetimethat)既可以引导一个持续性动作，也可以引导一个短暂性动作，可用于主句动作和从句动作同时发生，也可用于从句动作先于主句动作发生。e.g.Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指时间点)e.g.Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段时间内).e.g.Whenthefilmended，thepeoplewentback.

When可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：Sb.wasdoingsomethingSb.wasabouttodosth.Sb.haddonesth.

when…注意Iwasdoinghomeworkwhensomeoneknockedthedoor.Iwasabouttodohomeworkwhensomeoneknockedthedoor.Ihaddonehomeworkwhensomeoneknockedthedoor.when/as/while用法辨析While意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：e.g.Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.e.g.Hefellasleepwhile(heis)reading.e.g.Strikewhiletheironishot.(while意思是“趁……”).e.g.Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.（表对比，“然而”）when/as/while用法辨析as

表示“当……的时候”，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。可译为“一边……，一边……”或“随着……”e.g.ShecameupasIwascooking.(同时)e.g.Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(几乎同时)e.g.Astimewenton/by,hegrewup.5）ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,______,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.whileafter：“在…之后”用作conj.&prep.e.g.Afterhefinishedhiswork,heleftthere.Hefinishedhisworkbeforeheleftthere.

Afterfinishinghiswork,heleftthere.before/since的用法before做连词,可以表达“还未…就；不到…就；趁…；还没来得及….;才…..”体会下列句子中before的含义：Wehadsailedfourdays

before

wesawland.Pleasewriteitdown

before

youforgetit.Before

theyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.有关before的固定句式：Itwillbe+时间+before…过多久才.Itwas+时间+before…过了多久就….了.Itwon’tbelong+before…不久之后才会…Itwasn’tlongbefore…不久之后就…了试着翻译如下句子：e.g.ItwillbefiveyearsbeforehereturnstoEngland.e.g.Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，其时态若为一般过去时，主句多用_____时态1)Ihaveknownhimeversincehewasaboy.2)IhaveworkedheresinceIgraduatedfrom

theuniversity.完成固定句型：“Itis+时间段+since从句”e.g.Itis(hasbeen)twoyears

since

hecamehere.肯定句：否定句：e.g.Hewaited

until/tillhismothercameback.e.g.Hewillnotgotobeduntil(till)hismothercomes.until(till);not…until一直...为止，主句谓语动词为延续性动词直到…才…，主句谓语动词为非延续性动词强调句和倒装用法：Itisnotuntilhismothercomeshomethathewillgotobed.Notuntilhismothercomeshomewillhegotobed.注意：till不能用在句首assoonas/immediately/directly/instantly

themoment/theminute/thesecond1)Assoonasshegothome,shebegantocook.Ongettinghome,shebegantocook.（介词）2)Directly

the

master

came

in,

everyone

was

quiet.The

young

lady

rushed

into

the

room

immediately/instantly

she

heard

the

noise.3).The

moment/theminute/thesecondhe

reached

the

country,

he

started

his

search.

4)注意:hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than也可以表示“一…就…”,其时态搭配为“hardly/scarcely与nosooner引导的句子谓语动词用过去完成时，when与than引导的句子谓语动词用一般过去时。nosooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首，应用倒装语序。如：e.g.Hardly

hadwegotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.他一听到这个消息,就晕了过去.Nosooner

had

heheardthenewsthan

hefainted.everytime,eachtime:每次...Everytime/eachtimeIcome,heisreading.引导原因状语从句的连词：

2.AdverbialClausesofReason

（原因状语从句）because,since,as,nowthat,for1)because语气最强，用来回答why提问，可用在强调句型中。e.g.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.2)since语气比because弱，表示关系上的自然结果，一般译成“既然，鉴于”（往往放于主句之前）e.g.Sincenooneisagainstit,let’scarryouttheplan.（既然没人反对,…)3)as语气最弱，只说明一般的因果关系（可放于主句之前，也可放于主句之后）e.g.Wearstrongshoesasweshalldoalotofwalkingtoday.4)

nowthat用来说明一种新情况，然后加以推理，nowthat放于句首时，that可省略。e.g.Now(that)everybodyishere,let’sbegin.5）for它只能置于主句之后，for是并列连词。对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，e.g.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.

1)_______youareill,I’llgoalone.2)Itrainedlastnight,____thegroundiswetthismorning.3)Itwas___________hewasillthathewasabsent.4)Thecardidn’tstopnot______thefuelwasusedup.5).---Whatmadehimsoupset?---______hisbike.A.LosingB.BecausehelostC.BecauseoflosingD.LostSinceforbecausebecauseA小试牛刀引导条件状语从句的连词：

3.AdverbialClausesofCondition条件状语从句if/unlessas/solongasonceonconditionthatincaseif1)Ifhehadworkedharder,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.2)Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceed.Workharder,andyouwillsucceed.Workharder,oryouwon’tsucceed.Workingharder,youwillsucceed.Unless=ifnote.g.Wecan’twritetoMaryunlessshetellsusheraddress.as/solongase.g.IwillnevergiveuplearningaslongasIlive.e.g.Youmayborrowthebookaslongasyoukeepitclean.oncee.g.Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterviewonceyouhaveconfidence.onconditionthat（条件是）e.g.We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepittidy.incase(万一）e.g.You’dbettertakeyourraincoatwithyouincaseitrains.4.AdverbialClausesofPlace(地点状语从句）

where,whereverWherethereisawill,thereisaway.Thereareflieswhereverthereisdirt.医生建议他住在空气清新的地方。Thedoctorsuggestedheshouldlivewherethereisfreshair.（地点状语从句）Thedoctorsuggestedheshouldliveintheplacewherethereisfreshair.（定语从句）5.AdverbialClausesofPurpose(目的状语从句）

sothat/inorderthatTheysetoutearlysothat(inorderthat)theymightarrivethereintime.Theysetoutearlyinorderto(soasto)arrivethereintime.6.AdverbialClausesofResult（结果状语从句）

so…that…,such…that…1)ItissogoodastorythatI’llneverforgetit.ItissuchagoodstorythatI’llneverforgetit.itissogoodastory____Iwillneverforget.2)such+adj.+名词+thatclause3)so+adj./adv.+thatclause4)so+many/few+复数名词+thatclausemuch/little+不可数名词as7.AdverbialClausesofComparison（比较）

as…as,notas(so)…as,more/-er…than,less…than1)Hedoesn’tworksohardasyoudo.2)ThereisasmuchinkinbottleAasinbottleB.3)Themoreyouworry,thelessyou’llsucceed.4)Goldismuchheavierthananyothermetal.8.AdverbialClausesofConcession(让步)although/though,everif/eventhough即使,whenever(Nomatterwhen),as/though,while尽管,whether…ornot不管……都

1)although与though引导让步状语从句不能与but连用,但可以与yet连用。e.g.Althoughtheyarepoor,(yet)theyarewarm-hearted.

2)_____Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.（04江苏）

A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.UnlessA3)as引导让步状语从句，必须用倒装；though可以不用倒装．e.g.Tiredas/thoughtheywere,LucyandLilystayeduplate.Thoughtheworkisdifficult,we’llfinishitontime.4).Whenever(Nomatterwhen)youcometoourcountry,youwillbewarmlywelcomed.e.g.Wherever(Nomatterwhere)hegoes,healwaysbringstwobod