四级阅读概述201703

CET-4阅读概述杨爱华第一节四级阅读的相关考纲

大学英语四级考试阅读理解部分要求考生“能基本读懂一般性题材的英文文章，阅读速度达到每分钟70词。能基本读懂国内英文报刊，掌握中心意思，理解主要事实和有关细节。能读懂工作、生活中常见的应用文体的材料。能在阅读中使用有效的阅读方法。”四级阅读的题型

阅读理解部分包括三项任务:15选10，信息匹配及常规阅读。所占分值比例共计35%，考试时间总长40分钟。

15选101篇15选10填空8分钟10*0.5=5%信息匹配1篇句与段落匹配15分钟10*1=10%常规阅读2篇单项选择17分钟10*2=20%选词填空题篇章长度为200-250词，测试考生对篇章语境中的词汇理解和运用能力。要求考生阅读被删去了10个词汇的短文，并能从文后所给的15个词汇中选择正确的词汇填空，使短文复原。信息匹配部分采用1篇较长篇幅的文章，长度约为1000词。共15个段落，分别用A-O标记，文章后面给出10道小题，题号分别用46-55标出。要注意的是：信息匹配题不是按照顺序出题原则，也就是说第一题答案可能在最后一段，最后一题答案可能在第一段。另外有的段落没题目的，有的段落可能多题目，因此需要格外注意。这部分主要测试学生通过略读与查读技巧快速获取信息的能力。常规阅读部分要求考生阅读二篇长度为300-350词的短文。测试考生在不同层面上的阅读理解能力，包括理解主旨大意和重要细节、综合分析、推测判断以及根据上下文推测词义等。小测试对你来讲，四级阅读最难的地方在哪里？1.生词太多，背不忘，影响了阅读理解。2.文章题材不熟悉，导致很多内容看不懂。3.篇章信息把握不住，看完和没看差不多，

看了也说不清本文到底在讲什么。4.做题技巧不够，常常文章能看懂，但题

做不对。Youneverseehim,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhereyouaregoing,howfastyou'retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneisfunctioningnormally.Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomicbook.They'reknownastheblackbox.57.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackbox?

A)Itensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairplane.

B)Theideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicbook.

C)Itsabilitytowardoff

disastersisincredible.D)Itisanindispensabledeviceonanairplane.2.They‘reknownastheblackbox.此段谈定义。判断依据1.题干无范围。---常考主旨。

结论要想在四级阅读中取得高分，必须具备以下能力：1.了解四级的测试题型及应试技巧。2.了解四级文章的段落结构、类型及作用。3.能够依据原文从四个选项中甄别正确答案。第二节

四级说明文的三要素What---主题陈述，文章的中心思想。Why---原因说明，即关于主题的原因分析。How---细节描述，如做事方法或举例证明。无论是文章本身，还是文章的组成段落，基本由此三要素构成。第三节

四级说明文的篇章结构主题导入—引入主题。文章主体---细节说明。结论或结语部分—重述主题。四级文章的结构大同小异，区别在于文章类型不同，主体部分的重点内容及走向会略有不同。所以，要求考生一要了解说明文的类型及走向特点，二要深挖主体部分及各段落说明的主要细节或重点内容。对主体段落及重点细节的理解，决定了四级阅读的成败。文章主体---细节说明。第四节

四级说明文的段落结构及类型$1.PartsofParagraph段落构成1.TopicSentence 2.SupportingDetails 3.ClosingSentences1.TopicSentence

Whatisthetopicsentence?

Thetopicsentenceisusuallythefirstsentenceinaparagraph.Whatdoesitdo?

Itintroducesthemainideaoftheparagraph.2.SupportingDetails支持性细节Whataresupportingsentences?

Theycomeafterthetopicsentence,makingupthebodyofaparagraph.Whatdotheydo?

Theygivedetailstodevelopandsupportthemainideaoftheparagraph.3.ClosingSentenceWhatistheclosingsentence?

Theclosingsentenceisthelastsentenceinaparagraph.Whatdoesitdo?

Itrestates重述themainideaofaparagraph.Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,theydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?（2008-06）

A)Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.

B)Theultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnology.

C)Thedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnological

breakthroughs.

D)Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobal

warming.

Thepracticalconclusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotential

disaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingourdependenceonfossil

fuelsordealingwithit.Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoralproblemwhenit'sreallyengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon'tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we'rehelpless.

$2KindsofParagraphs

段落类型

第四节说明文的段落结构及类型I.DefinitionParagraph定义段落

Explainwhatitis.

Thedefinitionshouldhave3parts.

1）Thetermyouaredefining.2）Thebroadclassorcategory范畴intowhichyourtermfits.3）Thespecificdistinguishingcharacteristics

特性thatmakethetermdifferentfromalltheothersintheclassorcategory.Examples1.Resentment(term)isthefeeling(category)thatlifehasbeenunfair(distinguishingcharacteristics).2.Aclock-watcher混时间的人；老是看钟等下班的人(term)isaworker(category)whoisjustputtingintime花费时间,noteffort(distinguishingcharacteristics).CommonStructuresforDefinition定义段落在四级文章里的应用定义段落常用于四级“现象解释型”文章里，它的文章走向为：

1.导入主题、定义主题。2.主题细节性说明（如成因，发展，优劣，

实际应用意义等）3.结论-重述主题。被定义的名词一定是文章的主旨，切记！Thispassageismainlyabout________________.

A)thebeginningsofoceanography

B)thelayingofthefirstunderseacable

B)theinvestigationofoceandepths

D)theearlyintercontinentalcommunicationsOceanographyhasbeendefinedas“Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea”.Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.II.SequenceParagraphDescribeaseriesofeventsoraprocessinsomesortoforder.Usually,thisorderisbasedontime.OrderTimefirst,second,third,hebeginningbeforethenafterFinallyrecentlypreviouslyafterwardswhenafterExample

TherearethreereasonswhyCanadaisoneofthebestcountriesintheworld.

First,Canadahasanexcellenthealthcaresystem.AllCanadianshaveaccessto有权使用medicalservicesatareasonableprice.Second,Canadahasahighstandardofeducation.Studentsaretaughtbywell-trainedteachersandareencouragedtocontinuestudyingatuniversity.Finally,

Canada'scitiesarecleanandefficientlymanaged.Canadiancitieshavemanyparksandlotsofspaceforpeopletolive.Asaresult,

Canadaisadesirableplacetolive.提示：一定要注意段落中句与句之间的接续词，它们提示着句子之间的逻辑关系。对于理解段落有着重要的作用。Oceanographyhasbeendefinedas“Theapplicationofallsciencestothestudyofthesea”.Beforethenineteenthcentury,scientistswithaninterestintheseawerefewandfarbetween.Formostpeopletheseawasremote,andwiththeexceptionofearlyintercontinentaltravelersorotherswhoearnedalivingfromthesea,therewaslittlereasontoaskmanyquestionsaboutit,letalonetoaskwhatlaybeneaththesurface.

Thefirsttimethatthequestion”whatisatthebottomoftheoceans?”hadtobeansweredwithanycommercialconsequencewaswhenthelayingofatelegraphcablefromEuropetoAmericawasproposed.Theengineershadtoknowthedepthprofileoftheroutetoestimatethelengthofcablethathadtobemanufactured.ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,MauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.Thecablewaslaid,butnotuntil1866wastheconnectionmadepermanentandreliable.

Withinafewyearsoceanographywasunderway.In1872Thomsonledascientificexpedition,whichlastedfouryearsandbroughthomethousandsofsamplesfromthesea.Theirclassificationandanalysisoccupiedscientistsforyearsandledtoafive-volumereport,thelastvolumebeingpublishedin1895.Itwas_______________________thataskedMauryforhelpinoceanographicstudies.

A)theAmericanNavy

B)someearlyintercontinentaltravelers

C)thosewhoearnedalivingfromthesea

D)thecompanywhichproposedtolayanunderseacable

ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,MauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.TheaimofthevoyagesMaurywasresponsibleforinthe1840swas_______________

A)tomakesomesoundingexperimentsintheoceans

B)tocollectsampleofseaplantsandanimals

C)toestimatethelengthofcablethatwasneeded

D)tomeasurethedepthsofthetwooceans

ItwastoMauryoftheUSNavythattheAtlanticTelegraphCompanyturned,in1853,forinformationonthismatter.Inthe1840s,MauryhadbeenresponsibleforencouragingvoyagesduringwhichsoundingsweretakentoinvestigatethedepthsoftheNorthAtlanticandPacificOceans.III.ChoiceParagraph

表明观点或立场Choosewhichobject,idea,oractionthatyouprefer.PointofViewExamplesinmyopinionbeliefIdeaunderstandingIthinkthatIconsiderIbelieveitseemstomeIprefer

Inmyopinion,hockey曲棍球ismorefunthanlacrosse.Mybeliefisthathockeyismorefunthanlacrosse.长曲棍球Myideaisthathockeyismorefunthanlacrosse.Myunderstandingisthathockeyismorefunthanlacrosse.IthinkthatIwouldprefertoplayhockeyandnotlacrosse.Iconsiderhockeytobemoreexcitingthanlacrosse.Ibelievehockeyismoreexcitingthanlacrosse.Itseemstomethathockeyismoreexcitingthanlacrosse.Ipreferhockeyoverlacrosse.PersonalOpinionExampleslike/dislikehopefeelIlikethesportofhockeybecauseitisfastandexciting.IhopethatIcanplayhockeyinthefuture.Ifeelthathockeyismyfavoritesport.Whatistheauthor’sprofoundbelief?

[A]Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.

[B]Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.

[C]Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.

[D]Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.

Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,theydon’trunthestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.III.ExplanationParagraphExplainhoworwhysomethinghappens.Cause原因ExamplesBecauseSinceasaresultofisduetoPeoplemovedtoCanadafromEuropeduringthenineteenthcenturybecausetheyhadpoorlivingconditionsinEurope.SincelivingconditionsinEuropewereterrible,manypeoplemovedtoCanada.PeoplemovedtoCanadafromEuropeasaresultofpoorlivingconditionsinEurope.ThelargeinfluxofpeopletoCanadawasduetoeconomicpressuresinEuropeEffect结果Examplesthereforethusconsequentlyhenceitfollowsthatif...thenLivingconditionsinEuropewereterrible.Therefore,manypeoplemovedtoCanadaforabetterlife.LivingconditionsinEuropewereterrible.Thus,manypeoplemovedtoCanadaforabetterlife.LivingconditionswereterribleinEurope.Consequently,manypeoplemovedtoCanada.LivingconditionswereterribleinEurope.Hence,manypeoplemovedtoCanada.LivingconditionswereterribleinEurope.ItfollowsthatmanypeoplemovedtoCanada.IflivingconditionswerebetterinEurope,thenfewerpeoplewouldhavemovedtoCanada.IV.CompareandContrastParagraphCompareandcontrastthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentwoormorepeople,places,things,orideas.Similarities相似处ExamplesissimilartobothalsotooaswellSpringweatherinVancouverissimilartospringweatherinHalifax.BothVancouverandHalifaxhaveraininthespring.Halifaxalsohasarainyspringseason.Halifaxhasarainyspringseason,too.Aswell,Halifaxhasrainyspringseason.DifferencesExamplestheotherhandhoweverbutincontrastdiffersfromwhileunlikeOntheotherhand,winterismuchcolderinHalifax.However,winterismuchcolderinHalifax.Vancouverhasamildwinter,butHalifaxhasacoldone.IncontrasttoVancouver,Halifaxhasacoldwinter.HalifaxdiffersfromVancouverbyhavingacoldwinter.WhileVancouverhasamildwinter,Halifaxhasacoldwinter.Vancouverhasamildwinter.Unlikeit,Halifaxhasacoldwinter.V.TransitionParagraphMovingfromoneaspectofthetopictoanother.

Planesandshipsdisappearinotherpartsoftheworld,buttherearemoredisappearancesintheTrianglethaninotherareas.Foryearsnowscientistsandothershavebeenpuzzledbythismystery.

Therehavebeenmanyattemptstoexplainwhypeople,planesandshipsdisappearinsuchhighnumbershere.VI.EvaluationParagraphEvaluatepeople,ideas