阅解理解题型分析及解题策略(定稿)

Welcometoourclass阅读理解题型分析及解题策略AnalysesofEnglishReadingComprehension&Strategiesfordoingitwell（1）今天好囧啊，等了半天打不到的士。墙角数枝槑，凌寒独自开，遥赞它是雪，只能说你呆。Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhilereading,Whatwillyoudo?2010年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求

要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料。考生应能：１、理解主旨要义；２、理解文中具体信息；３、根据上下文推断生词的词义；４、作出简单判断和理解；５、理解文章的基本结构；６、理解作者的意图和态度。

阅读理解题型主旨大意题推理判断题细节理解题词/句义猜测题湖北07-10年阅读理解题型及题型分布词句意猜测主旨大意推理判断细节理解写作方式07226910843490922881004511阅读推理判断题——专题指导推理判断题要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定的推理和判断，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。这类题主要考查考生透过词语的表面意义理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属深层次理解题。此类试题的设计常常包括infer，imply,suggest，conclude等词。1.推断隐含意义

2.推断作者观点或态度

3.推断写作目的

4.推断文章出处

5.推断文脉逻辑关系阅读推理判断题推断题分类1.Questionforms:Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

.Fromthetextweknowthat…ismostlikely

.Whenthewritertalksabout…,whatthewriterreallymeansis

.Thewritersuggeststhat

.Thestoryimpliesthat

.Wecaninfer[conclude]fromthepassagethat

.这类题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等标志性词语。一、如何推断隐含意义2.技巧点拨1).全面分析2).忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息1.(湖北07)Didyoueverhearastrangesoundcomingfromthewall?Diditsoundlikeaclock?Ifso,itmayhavebeenmadebyabeetle.Longagopeoplethoughtthetickingmeantthatsomeonewasabouttodie.Thusthebeetleiscalled"thedeathwatchbeetle."（1分钟）

●Thesoundofthisbeetle________.A.pleasedpeople.B.surprisedpeople.C.frightenedpeople.D.excitedpeople.Practice:2.（湖北08）Itisfuntoturnoverabigrockonthebeach.Makesureyouturntherockbacktothepositionitwasinafteryoumovedit.Ifyoudon’tturnitbackover,alltheseaanimalsunderitorclingingto（依附）theundersidewilldie.（1.5分钟）

●

Youcantellthatrocks________.A.hurtseaanimalsB.protectseaanimalsC.won’tbefoundonbeachesD.can’tbefoundonbeaches二、如何推断作者观点和态度：1.Questionforms:Thewriter’sattitudetoward…is______.Thewriterthoughtthat______.Accordingtotheauthor______.2.技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。3.（江西卷）Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying—holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering—canbebadforphysical(身体的)health.Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don’tfightit.It’sanatural—andhealthy—emotionalresponse(反应).（2分钟）●Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A.Cryingisthebestwaytogethelpfromothers.B.Fightingbacktearsmaycausesomehealthproblems.C.Wewillneverknowourdeepfeelingsunlesswecry.D.Wemustcryifwewanttoreducepressure.4.（湖南09）Whyisn’tyournewspaperreportinganygoodnews？AllIreadaboutismurder,bribery(行贿)，anddeath.Frankly，I’msickofallthebadnews.

Thisauthor’sattitudetowardsthenewspaperreportingisto_____.A.complainB.apologizeC.amuseD.inform说明文中作者的态度:objective

neutral在议论文中，有：(1)positive(2)negative(3)neutral(4)approval

(5)disapproval(6)indifferent(7)ironic(8)critical(9)optimistic(10)pessimistic客观的消极的漠不关心的赞成的不赞成的乐观的悲观的Takingnotes:中立的积极的讽刺的批评的中立的三、如何推断写作目的1.Questionforms:(1)

考查整篇文章的写作目的A.Thewriter’s

purposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.B.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthisarticle?C.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto_____.主要考查整篇文章的写作目的和某处细节的写作意图(2)

考查某处细节的写作意图A.Thewriterusestheexampleof…toshowthat_____.B.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.C.…arementionedinthefirstparagraphto_____.2.常见的写作目的归纳不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的,但写作目的通常有以下三种：(1)toentertainreaders（娱乐读者，让人发笑）(2)topersuadereaders（说服读者接受某种观点）(3)toinformreaders（告知读者某些信息）常见于故事类的文章。tomakepeoplelaugh;totellaninterestingexperience常见于广告类的文章。tosellaproductoraservice;toattractmorevisitors/readers/audience多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章.常见的写作目的归纳：（1）娱乐读者，引人发笑。（故事类文章）（2）说服读者接受某种观点。（广告类文章——推荐某种产品或服务，或吸引参观者或读者）（3）告知读者某些信息。（科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会类文章）5.（湖北10）“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheUniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.（1.5分钟）●Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto______.A.testthereaders’knowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem6.（上海09）AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamily-hisparents,hisbrothers,theirwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents'home,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheart-broken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewoman‘shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband’shome.（3分钟）

●Thewriterwrotethestoryinorderto________.A.showthatelephantsareverycleverB.tellhowawomantrainedawildanimalC.showthatwomencaremoreforanimalsthanmendoD.tellhowananimalreunitedahusbandandwife

1.Questionforms:Thepassageismostlikelytobetakenfrom______.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?Thepassageismostlikelyapartof___.四、如何推断文章出处2.解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1)报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称

(2)广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认(3)产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等7.（全国卷）Doyoualwaysunderstandthedirectionsonabottleofmedicine?Doyouknowwhatismeantby“Takeonlyasdirected?”Readthefollowingdirectionsandseeifyouunderstandthem.Toreducepain,taketwotablets(药片)withwater,followedbyonetableteveryeighthours,asrequired.Fornight-timeandearlymorningrelief(缓解疼痛)taketwotabletsatbedtime.Donottakemorethansixtabletsintwenty-fourhours.Forchildrensixtotwelveyearsold,givehalftheamount(量).Forchildrenundersixyearsold,askyourdoctor’sadvice.Reducetheamountifyousufferfromrestlessnessorsleeplessnessaftertakingthemedicine.●Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma______.（2分钟）A.textbookB.newsreel(新闻片)C.doctor’snotebookD.bottleofmedicine此题极易误选D.的确,人们常在药瓶上的说明中看到文章直接引语部分的文字内容,但是像第一段这样的内容不可能出现在药瓶上.由此可见,这一段文章应选自教科书中有关如何读服药说明的课文,故选A.【解题思路分析】8.Morethan30,000driversandfrontseatpassengersarekilledorseriouslyinjured（受伤）eachyear.Ataspeedofonly30milesperhouritisthesameasfallingfromathirdfloorwindow.Wearingaseatbelt（安全带）saveslives;itreducesyourchanceofdeathorseriousinjurybymorethanhalf.Thereforedriversorfrontseatpassengersover14inmostvehiclesmustwearaseatbelt.Ifyoudonot,youcouldbefinedupto$50.Itwillnotbeuptothedriverstomakesureyouwearyourbelt.Butitwillbethedriver'sresponsibility（责任）tomakesurethatchildrenunder14donotrideinthefrontunlesstheyarewearingseatbeltofsomekind.However,youdonothavetowearaseatbeltifyouarereversing（倒退）yourvehicleoryouaremakingalocaldelivery（发送）orcollectionusingaspecialvehicle;orifyouhaveavalidmedicalcertificatewhichexcusesyoufromwearingit.Makesurethesecircumstances（情形）applytoyoubeforeyoudecidenottowearyourseatbelt.Rememberyoumaybetakentocourtfornotdoingso,andyoumaybefinedifyoucannotprovetothecourtthatyouhavebeenexcusedfromwearingit.（3分钟）（北京10）

●Thistextistakenfrom_____.

A.amedicalmagazineB.apolicereportC.anadvertisement（广告）D.agovernmentinformationbooklet（小册子）Morethan30,000…arekilledorseriouslyinjured（受伤）eachyear.youcouldbefinedupto$50Rememberyoumaybetakentocourt…youmaybefined…apolicereport解题技巧：推测下文的内容：根据作者的思路进行推理推测上文的内容：关注第一段，特别是文段--开始的几句话。五．推断文脉逻辑关系1)推断上下文内容1.Questionforms:Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith_______Theparagraphprecedingthisonewouldmostlikelydiscuss______.（主要包括推断上下文内容和推断篇章组织结构）9（湖北10）Whenearlyhumanshuntedandgatheredfood,theywerenotincontroloftheirenvironment.Theycouldonlyinteractwiththeirsurroundingsaslowerorganismsdid.Whenhumanslearnedtomakefire,however,theybecamecapableofalteringtheirenvironment.Toprovidethemselveswithfueltheystrippedbarkfromtrees,causingthetreestodie.Clearingswereburnedinforeststoincreasethegrowthofgrassandtoprovideagreatergrazingareaforthewildanimalsthathumansfedupon.Thisdevelopmentledtofarmingandthedomesticationofanimals.Firealsoprovidedthemeansforcookingplantswhichhadpreviouslybeeninedible.Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedforfoodreachedacertainlevelofsophisticationwasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities.（3分钟）●Theparagraphfollowingthispassagewouldmostlikelybeabout____________.A.fireB.huntingC.farmingD.urbanization（城市化）该题要求预测短文之后可能讨论的内容。解这种题时，可以先回顾一下全文的主题思想及相关的信息，也可以根据结尾句的过渡性词语的使用判断下文信息。文章的结尾讲“Onlywhentheprocessofmeetingthebasicneedfor…wasitpossibleforhumanstofollowotherpursuitssuchasthefoundingofcities.”(只有在满足对食物基本需求的过程达到一定的精细程度时，人类才有可能去从事建造城市等其他的追求)。该句中出现过渡词“suchas”，它表示下文要引出的例子。因此，我们说本文后的段落很可能是关系人们的追求，而放在首位的，则是从事建造城市的追求。故正确答案是D项。【解题思路分析】解题技巧：按段落的组织方法理解文章结构按写作方法（论证方法）理解文章结构2)推断篇章组织结构1.Questionforms:Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?Howisthepassageorganized?(见SpecialPractice37)PassageC(T67)practice1.推断隐含意义,必须吃透相关文段的意思。2.推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句,同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。3.推断作者的观点，