大学英语语法第六讲倒装结构

第六讲倒装结构1大学英语语法Grammar一、倒装的概念英语句子的结构一般是“主语+谓语”，语法上称这种语序为自然语序。但有时出于语法结构的需要或修辞的需要，常把句子中的一部分或全部倒转过来，这种语序就是倒装语序。二、倒装的分类英语的倒装分为完全倒装和部分倒装。一）完全倒装指将谓语动词完全置于主语前。完全倒装一般具有以下两个条件：①谓语动词是单个(即不带情态动词、助动词或be)的不及物动词，且只限于一般现在时或一般过去时。②主语只能是名词。Herecomesthebus.公共汽车来了。Awaywenttherunners.赛跑选手们跑远了。ThedooropenedandincameMrSmith.门开了，史密斯先生进了来。注：若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装。如：Awayhewent.他跑远了。二）部分倒装把助动词或情态动词放在主语前。Shehardlyhastimetolistentomusic.=Hardlydoesshehavetimetolistentomusic.他几乎没时间听音乐。NeverdidIseehimagain.后来我再也没见到过他了。Seldomdoeshegooutfordinner.他很少出去吃饭。Nosoonerhadwereachedtheairportthantheplanetookoff.我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。Notuntilweloseourhealthdowerealizeitsvalue.等到失去了健康，才明白它的价值。三、英语倒装句的几种情况1.“某些副词+不及物动词+主语”的句式，需要全部倒装。常用的副词主要有：here,there,now,then,out,in,down,up,away等，表示强调。Outrushedtheboy.那个男孩冲了出去。Hereisthetelophonenumberofthathotel.这是那家旅馆的电话号码。Upwentabirdintotheairfromthebushes.一只鸟突然从灌木丛中飞上了天空。注意：主语是代词时，不必倒装。Herehecomes.他来了。Awayheranoutoftheroom.他跑出了房间。2.表示方位的短语放在句首，后面一般使用倒装语序。Westofthelakeliesthefamouscity.3.Therebe+主语+地点。其中动词be也可以是其他词，如lie，stand等。Therearemanydifferentkindsofmooncakesonthetable.ThereinGreecelivedafamousthinker,namedAristotle.4.如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，需要完全倒装；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。“Let’sgo!”saidthecaptain.“Takeoffyourboots!”orderedtheguard.

5.为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。Theyarrivedatanoldchurch,infrontofwhichstoodabigcrowdofpeople.6.用于so开头的句子，表示重复前面相同的内容，意为“也怎么样”。Ioftengooutforawalkaftersupper.Sodoesshe.我经常在晚饭后出去散步，她也这样。在结果状语从句句型so…that…中，如果强调so…放在句首，主句需要部分倒装。Soexcitedwassheatthenewsthatshecouldn’tsayaword.听到这个消息，她是如此激动，以致于一句话也说不出来。7.用于nor,neither开头的句子，表示重复前面相同的内容，“也不怎么样”。LiLeican’tanswerthequestion.NeithercanI.

Ifyoudon’twaitforhim,norshallI.

Youdonotlikehim,nordoI.你不喜欢他,我也不喜欢。8.only放在句首，强调状语（副词，介词短语或状语从句等），全句语序要部分倒装。Onlyinthiswaycanwegetintouchwiththem.

Onlybecausehewasillwasheabsentfromschool.

注意：only放在句首，强调主语时，语序不必倒装。OnlyMr.Wangknowsaboutit.9.带有否定意义的词放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有：not,never,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,atnotime,notonly,notonce,underoncondition,hardly…when,nosooner…than……等。LittledidIthinkheisaspy.我一点也没想到他是一个间谍。HardlyhadIreachedhomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIenteredtheroomthanthephonerang.10.在虚拟语气中，当条件从句省去if时，条件句的主谓语倒装，即把助动词were，had或should提到主语的前面。（详参见虚拟语气。）Shouldhebeherenextweek,hewouldhelpuswiththeproblem.Ifheshouldbehere…,

Weretherenolight,wecouldseenothing.11.用于某些表示祝愿的句子。Mayyoulivelong!祝您长寿！Longliveourmotherland!祖国万岁！四）三级考试重点：1.否定词位于句首时，助动词或be动词要位于主语的前面进行倒装。常用的否定词有：not,scarcely,barely,seldom,notuntil,little,in/undernocircumstance,bynomeans,nosooner…than等。2.only+状语/副词/介词短语位于句首时，句子要倒装。3.nor,neither,so位于句首时，句子要倒装4.虚拟条件句中省略if时要倒装涉及倒装的13个高频考点1.考查never置于句首时的倒装当否定副词never置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。(1)Neverinmywildestdreams_________thesepeoplearelivinginsuchpoorconditions.A.Icouldimagine B.couldIimagine C.Icouldn’timagine D.couldn’tIimagine(2)Neverbefore_________ingreaterneedofmodernpublictransportthanitistoday.A.hasthiscitybeen B.thiscityhasbeenC.wasthiscity D.thiscitywas（答案分别为BA）2.考查little置于句首时的倒装当否定副词little置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。(1)Little_________thatwewerewatchinghiseverymove,soheseemedtobegoinghisownwayinthisbusiness.A.herealized B.hedidn’trealizeC.didn’therealize D.didherealize(2)TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittle_________theyknowaboutGerman.A.have B.did C.had D.do（答案分别为DD）

3.考查seldom置于句首时的倒装当否定副词seldom置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）(1)Seldom_________anyapologywhenmistakesaremade.A.wereceive B.dowereceive C.wereceived D.didwereceive(2)Seldom_________anarticlethatwassofulloflies.A.haveIread B.Ihaveread

C.hadIread D.Ihadread（答案分别为BA）4.考查hardly/scarcely置于句首时的倒装当否定副词hardly,scarcely等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。Hardly_________EdinburghthantheywereorderedtoreturntoLondon.A.hadtheyreached B.theyhadreachedC.havethereached D.theyhavereached（答案为A）5.考查nosooner等置于句首时的倒装当nosooner,nolonger等结构置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如(1)—DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?—No,nosooner_________thanithappened.A.hadshegone

B.shehadgoneC.hasshegone D.shehasgone(2)Nosooner_________mowingthelawnthanitstartedraining.A.haveIstarted B.IhavestartedC.hadIstarted D.Ihadstarted（答案分别为AC）6.考查nowhere置于句首时的倒装当否定副词nowhere置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。如：（答案为A）Maybeyouhavebeentomanycountries,butnowhereelse_________suchabeautifulplace.(辽宁卷)A.canyoufind B.youcouldfindC.youcanfind

D.couldyoufind7.考查bynomeans等置于句首时的倒装当表示否定意义的副词性短语bynomearns,onnoaccounts,innocase,atnotime等置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。I’vetriedveryhardtoimprovemyEnglish.Butbynomeans_________withmyprogress.(重庆卷)A.theteacherisnotsatisfied B.istheteachernotsatisfiedC.theteacherissatisfied

D.istheteachersatisfied（答案为D）8.考查notonly置于句首时的倒装当notonly…butalso句式的notonly部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。_________snacksanddrinksbuttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.A.Notonlytheybrought B.NotonlydidtheybringC.Notonlybroughtthey D.Notonlytheydidbring（答案为B）9.考查notuntil置于句首时的倒装当not…until句式转换成notuntil且置于句首时，其后的主句部分习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。NotuntilIbegantowork_________howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn'tIrealize B.didIrealizeC.Ididn'trealize

D.Irealized（答案为B）10.考查“only+状语”置于句首时的倒装当“only+状语”置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。

(1)Onlythen_________howmuchdamagehadbeencaused.A.sherealized B.shehadrealizedC.hadsherealized D.didsherealize(2)_________bykeepingdowncostswillPowerDataholditsadvantageoverothercompanies.A.Only B.Just C.Still D.Yet（答案为DA）11.考查“so+形容词”置于句首时的倒装当so…that句式的“so+形容词”部分置于句首时，其后习惯上要用倒装语序（与一般疑问句形式相同）。

(1)_________thatMaricwasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.A.Sosuccessfulherbusinesswas B.SosuccessfulwasherbusinessC.Soherbusinesswassuccessful D.Sowashersuccessfulbusiness(2)Sodifficult_________ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice.A.Ididfind B.didIfind

C.Ihavefound D.haveIfound（答案为BB）12.考查类似“sodoI”结构的倒装SodoI这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一肯定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。(1)—Myroomgetsverycoldatnight.—_________.A.Soismine B.Somineis

C.Sodoesmine D.Sominedoes(2)—It’sburninghottoday,isn’tit?—Yes._________yesterday.A.SowasitB.Soitwas C.Soitis D.Soisit（答案为CA）13.考查类似“nor/neitherdoI”结构的倒装nor[neither]doI这类结构表示的是前面提出的某一否定的情况，后者也同样适用，通常可译为“……也一样”“……也是如此”。如IfJoe’swifewon’tgototheparty,_________.A.hewilleither

B.neitherwillheC.heneitherwill D.eitherhewill（答案为B）【倒装专练】1.So_________thateventhepeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.A.loudlyhespoke B.hespokeloudlyC.loudlydidhespeak D.loudlyspokedidhe2.Onlywhenonelosesfreedom_________itsvalue.A.doesoneknow

B.onedoesknowC.doesknowone

D.knowonedoes3.Heneverwenttoseeheragain,_________toapologize.A.nordidhewrite B.norhedidwriteC.hedidwrite D.norhewrote4._________tosleepthanthetelephonerangonceagain.A.Nosoonerhadhegone

B.NosoonerdidhegoC.Henosoonerwent D.Hehadgonenosooner5.Nosooner_________downthanthephonerang.A.hadIsat B.IhadsatC.haveIsat

D.Ihavesat6.Nosooner_________thanhewasaskedtoleaveagain.A.hashearrived B.hehasarrived C.hadhearrived D.hehadarrived7.Little_________,butwe’reflyingtoGenevanextweekendtocelebratehisbirthday.A.doesheknow

B.heknowsC.knowshim D.didheknow8.Neverinmywildestdreams_________towinfirstplacelasttime.A.Iexpected B.didIexpect C.Ihaveexpected D.haveIexpected9.Neverbefore_________somanypeopleherearestillstarving.A.hadIknown B.Ihadknown C.haveIknown D.Ihaveknown

10.Little_________abouthisownsafety,thoughhewasingreatdangerhimself.A.doeshecare

B.didhecareC.hecares D.hecared11.Onlyaftermyfriendcame_________.(from)A.didthecomputerrepaired B.berepairedthecomputerC.wasthecomputerrepaired D.thecomputerwasrepaired12._________aboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomake