大学英语第四册U10PPT

1.Warm-upQuestions2.BackgroundInformationBeforeReading_MainBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingLeonardR.Sayles4.BlankFillingBehavioralScience3.ListeningComprehensionFiveNeedsbyAbrahamMaslowBeforeReading_1BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingWarm-upQuestions1.Whatcanyouseefromthevideoclip?HaveyouseenthefilmModernTimesorheardaboutit?Doyouthinktheworkershavetoworkveryhard?BeforeReading_1_2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2. Whydoweneedtowork?3. Howdoyoudefine“agoodjob”?4. Whatarethethingsyoupersonallylookforinchoosingacareer?5. Whatdoyouwanttodoaftergraduation?BeforeReading_backgroundinformationBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingBackgroundInformation1.BehavioralScienceBehavioralsciencesarefieldsofstudythatprimarilyconcerntheunderstanding,prediction,andcontrolofbehavior,especiallythosetypesofhumanbehaviorthatdevelopoutofinterpersonalrelations.Althoughmanydisciplinescontributetothescienceofbehavior,anumberofthemaresooverwhelminglyconcernedwithpastorpresentbehaviorthattheycanbeclassedtogetherasthebehavioralsciences.■BeforeReading_backgroundinformation2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingThesedisciplinesincludeanthropology,education,politicalscience,psychiatry,psychology,andsociology.Investigatorswhoworkintheseareassystematicallyandexperimentallyfocustheirattentiononhumanbehaviorasitinfluencesandisinfluencedbythebehaviorandneedsofotherpeople.Thesocialsciencesstudythefunctioningandinstitutionsofhumansociety.Thisbroadercategoryofdisciplinesincludesthebehavioralsciencesandsuchdisciplinesaseconomics,law,history,andgeography.Amajorapplicationofbehavioralsciencehasbeeninthepredictionofhumanbehavior.Examplesarepollingandtesting,whichincludepoliticalandmarketingsurveys,questionnaires,andattitudetests,aswellaspsychologicalandindustrialusesoftestsofaptitude,ability,achievement,andpersonality.

BeforeReading_fiveneedsbyabrahamBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading2.FiveneedsbyAbrahamMaslow

1)themostbasicphysiologicalneeds－inputandoutput(food,vigor)2)safetyneeds－toavoidphysicalpains3)belongingneeds－toavoidisolation(tobeamemberof…)4)esteemneeds－toberespectedbysomebody5)self-actualizationneeds－toutilizeone’sinherentabilitiesBeforeReading_five2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingAbrahamMaslow,anAmericanpsychologist,believedthathumanmotivationcanbeunderstoodasaresultofahierarchyofneeds:themostbasicphysiologicalneeds,safetyneeds,belongingneeds,esteemneedsandself-actualizationneeds.Whenthelower-levelneedsaremet,themotivationtomeetthehigher-levelneedsbecomesactive.Furthermore,asanindividualprogressupward,itbecomesmoredifficulttosuccessfullyfulfilltheneedsofeachhigherlevel.ForthisreasonMaslowbelievedthatveryfewpeopleactuallyreachthelevelofself-actualization,anditisalifelongprocessforthefewwhodo.■BeforeReading_leonardrsaylesBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading3.LeonardR.SaylesLeonardR.SaylesisaprofessorofBusinessAdministration,ColumbiaUniversity.HeisaconsultanttotheNationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministrationandstudydirectorfortheNationalAcademyofSciences.GlobeReading._ListeningcomprehensionBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingListeningComprehension1.Ifyouarehungryandthirsty,whichneedwillyoutendtofirst.Thethirst.2.Whichneedismoreimportant,theneedtodrinkwaterortobreathe?Theneedtobreathe.3.WhatwasMaslow’sfinding?Someneedstakeprecedenceoverothers.4.WhendidMaslownoticetheseinterestingthings?Whenheworkedwithmonkeysearlyinhiscareer.5.Amongtheneedsmentionedinthepassage,whichoneisthethirdmostimportant?Theneedtoeat.BeforeReading_listening2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingOneofthemanyinterestingthingsMaslownoticedwhileheworkedwithmonkeysearlyinhiscareer,wasthatsomeneedstakeprecedenceoverothers.Forexample,ifyouarehungryandthirsty,youwilltendtotrytotakecareofthethirstfirst.Afterall,youcandowithoutfoodforweeks,butyoucanonlydowithoutwaterforacoupleofdays!Thirstisa“stronger”needthanhunger.Likewise,ifyouareverythirsty,butsomeonehasputachokeholdonyouandyoucan’tbreath,whichismoreimportant?Theneedtobreathe,ofcourse.Ontheotherhand,sexislesspowerfulthananyofthese.Let’sfaceit,youwon’tdieifyoudon’tgetit!■Doonlythingsbringhappiness?Whataboutspiritualhappiness?Whyaresomepeople,whoarematerially,alwayssmilingandhappy?Iguesstheyhavespiritual－theinnersenseofsatisfactionandrichnessthatcannotbuy.Somepeoplemayberichmateriallybutpoorspiritually.Theyperhapsfeelinsecure,unwantedandunloved.Sowhichismoresatisfying,richnessorrichness?Tome,spiritualhappinessistheanswertoliving.Whenyouarehappyinsideyourself,youdonotlonely,unwantedorunloved.Youmaybealone,oryoumaytolivealone,butyoucanstillbehappyspiritually.Whenyouarespirituallyhappy,youtendtobe.Evenwhenyoufromdisease,spiritualhappinesscanhelpyoucopewithitsothatyoudonotmoanorgroanaboutit.Seekspiritualhappinessfirst.It’stherichestgiftinlife.BeforeReading_blankfillingBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingBlankFillingmaterial_______poor______happiness________money________spiritual________material________feel_____prefer________healthy________suffer________GlobeReading_mainBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading1.PartDivisionoftheText2.Scanning3.TrueorFalse4.QuestionsandAnswers5.InterviewGlobeReading._partdivisionoftextBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingPartDivisionoftheText

MainIdeasLinesParts11~627~40342~75477~109Workprovidescrucialpsychologicalwell-being.ThetraditionalattitudetowardworkSomeillustrationsonasenseofaccomplishmentPeoplehavedevelopedtheespritdecorpsthroughwork,thehonorofrelationshipamongcolleagues.GlobeReading._scanningBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingScanning1.Workhassomehealingeffect:L.24~26Agoodmanypatients…acutesymptoms.L.26~29Increasingly,institutions…toworkoutside.2.Theabsenceofworkisharmfultotheirhealth:3.Thehumanbeinglongsforasenseofbeingaccomplished,ofbeingabletodothings,withhishand,withhismind,withhiswill.4.Espritdecorps:Locateexamplestoillustratethefollowing.Directions:L.31~33Retirement…nofinancialcares.L.33~35Largenumbersofpeople…fendforthemselves.L.46~49Itiseasiesttosee…hispersonalskill.L.52~54Ourownresearchinhospitalssuggests…agooddeal.L.64~69Justwatchanemployee…everyhouroftheday.L.78~88Iremember…theworldofwork.GlobeReading._trueorfalseBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingTrueorFalseHistorically,workhasbeenassociatedwiththeopportunitytorealizeone’spotential.Accordingtotheauthor,workismorethananecessityformosthumanbeings.

Foralargenumberofpeople,theabsenceofworkishelpfultotheirhealth.

1.2.3.F(

)Historically,workhasbeenassociatedwithslaveryandsinandpunishment.T()F(

)Foralargenumberofpeople,theabsenceofworkisharmfultotheirhealth.GlobeReading._trueorfalse2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingUnemploymentonlyexertsfinancialpressuresonthejoblesspeople.

4.F(

)Italsobringsenormouspsychologicaltroublesandthatmanyindividualsdeterioraterapidlywhenjobless.TEachofuswantstofeelhe/shehastheabilitytodosomethingthatismeaningfulandthatservesasatributetoourinherentabilities.

()5.Peopleliketostoreupenergy,torestandsavethemselvesasmuchaspossible.

6.F(

)Justtheopposite.Itisenergyexpenditurethatissatisfying.GlobeReading._trueorfalse3BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingAccordingtotheauthor,peoplefeelproudwhentheyworkinanaccomplishedworkgroup.

7.Espritdecorpsisusedtomeanroughlyanaccomplishedworkgroup.8.Thechiefreasonwhypeopleusuallyprefertoworkinasuccessfulinstitutionisthattheyhaveastrongneedtoasserttheirmembershipinit.

9.F(

)Thechiefreasonwhypeopleusuallyprefertoworkinasuccessfulinstitutionisthatitprovidesthemwithprestigeandself-confidence.T()Peoplewanttofeelthattheyarecapableofdoingsomethingmeaningful.10.F(

)Espritdecorpsisusedtomeanroughlythespiritofteamwork.T()GlobeReading._QuestionsandanswersBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingQuestionsandAnswers1.Whatdomostpeoplethinkjobcanprovide?Mostpeoplethinkjobprovidesthematerialthingsoflife－thegoodsandservicesthatmakepossibleourmoderncivilization.2.Whatdoesworkreallymeanformostpeople?Workismorethananecessityformosthumanbeing;itisthefocusoftheirlives,thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity.3.Whydoesthecraftsmanstandasidetoadmiretheproductofhispersonalskill?Becausebydoingso,hefindsasenseofbeingaccomplished,ofbeingabletodothings,withhishand,withhismind,withhiswill.4.Dopeoplecomplainaboutdifficultjobsbecausetheydislikethem?No.Actuallymostpeopleregardtheirowncapacitytoconquerthetoughjobasthemarkoftheirownuniquepersonality.GlobeReading._Questionsandanswers2BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReading5.Whydopeopleprefertoworkinaprestigiousinstitution?

Becauseitcanprovideemployeeswithbothstatusandself-confidence.Duetotheassociationwithaprestigiousinstitution,theyassumeothersregardthemmorehighly,evenenvythem,andtheyaremorecompetentthantheaverage.GlobeReading._interviewBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingInterviewSupposeyouareamemberofthestarteammentionedinthelastpartofthetext.Youarereadytoaccepttheinterviewfromareporterwiththelocalnewspaper.Theinterviewcancoverthefollowingpointsorsomeotherpointsyouthinknecessary.

1)abriefintroductiontoyourteam2)qualitiesneededtobethebestone3)yourmotivation4)feelingasamemberofthestarteam5)honorsgiventoyourteamArticle_SBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingDoyouviewworkasaburdenoranopportunity?Areyouthekindofpersonwholooksforwaystosaveyourenergyorthekindthatfindsspendingyourenergysatisfying?Whydopeopleliketocomplainaboutwork?Findtheanswersinthefollowingessay.Article1_SBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingJobsandworkdomuchmorethanmostofusrealizetoprovidehappinessandcontentment.We’reallusedtothinkingthatworkprovidesthematerialthingsoflife—thegoodsandservicesthatmakepossibleourmoderncivilization.Butwearemuchlessconsciousoftheextenttowhichworkprovidesthemoreintangible,butmorecrucial,psychologicalwell-beingthatcanmakethedifferencebetweenafullandanemptylife.WhyPeopleWorkLeonardR.SaylesArticle2_SBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingHistorically,workhasbeenassociatedwithslaveryandsinandpunishment.Andinourowndayweareusedtohearingthetraditionalcomplaints:“Ican’twaitformyvacation,”“IwishIcouldstayhometoday,”“Mybosstreatsmepoorly,”“I’vegottoomuchworktodoandnotenoughtimetodoit.”Againstthisbackground,itmaywellcomeasasurprisetolearnthatnotonlypsychologistsbutotherbehavioralscientistshavecometoacceptthepositivecontributionofworktotheindividual’shappinessandsenseofpersonalachievement.Workismorethananecessityformosthumanbeings;itisthefocusoftheirlives,thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity.Article3_S

Ratherthanapunishmentoraburden,workistheopportunitytorealizeone’spotential.Manypsychiatristsheadingmentalhealthclinicshaveobserveditshealingeffect.Agoodmanypatientswhofeeldepressedinclinicsgainrenewedself-confidencewhengainfullyemployedandlosesome,ifnotall,oftheirmostacutesymptoms.Increasingly,institutionsdealingwithmentalhealthproblemsareestablishingworkshopswhereinthosetoosicktogetajobin“outside”industrycanwork,whileeveryeffortisexertedtoarrange“real”jobsforthosewellenoughtoworkoutside.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingButwhy?Whyshouldworkbesuchasignificantsourceofhumansatisfaction?Agoodshareoftheanswerrestsinthekindofpridethatisstimulatedbythejob,bytheactivityofaccomplishing.Article4_S

Andthereverseistrue,too.Forlargenumbersofpeople,theabsenceofworkisharmfultotheirhealth.Retirementoftenbringsmanyproblemssurroundingthe“WhatdoIdowithmyself?”question,eventhoughtheremaybenofinancialcares.Largenumbersofpeopleregularlygetheadachesandotherillnessesonweekendswhentheydon’thavetheirjobstogoto,andmustfendforthemselves.

Ithasbeenobservedthatunemployment,quiteasidefromexertingfinancialpressures,bringsenormouspsychologicaltroublesandthatmanyindividualsdeterioraterapidlywhenjobless.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingArticle5_S

PrideinAccomplishmentThehumanbeinglongsforasenseofbeingaccomplished,ofbeingabletodothings,withhishand,withhismind,withhiswill.Eachofuswantstofeelheorshehastheabilitytodosomethingthatismeaningfulandthatservesasatributetoourinherentabilities.Itiseasiesttoseethisinthecraftsmanwholovinglyshapessomecheapmaterialintoanobjectthatmaybeeitherusefulorbeautifulorboth.Youcanseethecarpenterorbricklayerstandasideandadmiretheproductofhispersonalskill.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingArticle6_S

Butevenwherethereisnoobviousendproductthatissolelyattributabletooneperson’sskill,researchershavefoundthatemployeesfindprideinaccomplishment.Ourownresearchinhospitalssuggeststhateventhehousekeepingandlaundrystaffstakeprideinthefactthatintheirownwaystheyarehelpingtocuresickpeople—andthusaccomplishingagooddeal.We’reoftenmisledbythecomplaintssurroundingdifficultwork;deepdownmostpeopleregardtheirowncapacitytoconquerthetoughjobasthemarkoftheirownuniquepersonality.Complainingisjustpartofworking.Afterall,howelsedoyouknowwhoyouare,exceptasyoucandemonstratetheabilityofyourmindtocontrolyourlimbsandhandsandwords?Youare,insignificantmeasure,whatyoucando.Somearedeceivedintothinkingthatpeopleliketostoreupenergy,torestandsavethemselvesasmuchaspossible.Justtheopposite.Itisenergyexpenditurethatissatisfying.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingArticle7_S

Justwatchanemployeewhomustdealwithcountlessotherpeoplebecausehisorherjobisatsomecentralpointinacommunicationsnetwork:asalesmanatabusycounter,astockbrokeronthephone,acustomerrepresentative.Theywilltellyouhowmuchskillandexperienceittakestoanswercountlessquestionsandhandlevariouskindsofpersonalitieseveryhouroftheday.Noteveryonecaninteractwithsuchpersistenceandoverlonghours,butthosewhodo,pridethemselvesonadistinctiveabilitythatcontributesmightilytotherunningoftheorganization.Butworkismorethanaccomplishmentandprideinbeingabletocommandthejob,becauseexceptforafewcraftsmenandartistsmostworktakesplace“outintheworld,”withandthroughotherpeople.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingWhenItalkedwiththem,eachexpressedenormousprideinbeingapartofthefastest,bestteam.Andthissenseofbelongingtoanaccomplishedworkgroupisoneofthedistinctivesatisfactionsoftheworldofwork.Article8_S

EspritdecorpsPerhapsanexamplewillmakethepoint:Irememberviewingahalfdozenmeninachairfactorywhosejobitwastobendseveralpiecesofsteelandattachthemsothatafoldingchairwouldresult.Whilethereweretenortwelveofthese“teams”thatworkedtogether,oneinparticularwasknownforitsperfectcoordinationandlightning-likeefforts.Themenknewtheyweregood.Theywouldworkinspurtsfortwentyorthirtyminutesbeforetakingabreak—toshowthemselves,bystandersandothergroupswhatitwastobesuperblyskilledandself-controlled,tobethebestinthefactory.BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingArticle9_S

Onefurtherwordaboutworkgroupsatisfactions.Unlikemanyotheraspectsoflife,relationshipsamongpeopleatworktendtobesimpler,lesscomplicated,somewhatlessemotional.Thisisnottosaytherearen’targumentsandjealousies,but,onthewhole,behavioralresearchdisclosesthathumanrelationsatworkarejusteasier,perhapsbecausetheyaremoreregularandpredictableandthussimplertoadjusttothanthesporadic,themoreintenseandlessregularrelationshipsinthecommunity.Andtheworkgroupalsogentlypressuresitsmemberstolearnhowtoadjusttooneanothersothatthe“roughedges”areworkedoffbecausepeopleknowtheymustdocertainthingswithandthroughoneanothereachday.

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingArticle10_S

Beyondtheteamandtheworkgroup,thereistheorganization,whetheritbecompanyorhospitaloruniversity.Thesameprideinbeingpartofawell-coordinated,successfulunitisderivedfrombeingpartofalargercollectivity.Workingforacompanythatisthoughtofasbeingoneofthebestinthecommunitycanprovideemployeeswithbothstatusandself-confidence.Theyassume,usuallywithgoodreason,thatothersregardthemmorehighly,evenenvythem,andthattheyaremorecompetentthantheaveragebecauseofthisassociationwitha“winner,”aprestigiousinstitution.Weintruthbaskinthereflectedgloryoftheinstitution,andweseekwaysofassertingourmembershipsothatotherswillknowandcanrecognizeourgoodfortune.

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingArticle1_wBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingJobsandworkdomuchmorethanmostofusrealizetoprovidehappinessandcontentment.We’reallusedtothinkingthatworkprovidesthematerialthingsoflife—thegoodsandservicesthatmakepossibleourmoderncivilization.Butwearemuchlessconsciousoftheextenttowhichworkprovidesthemoreintangible,butmorecrucial,psychologicalwell-beingthatcanmakethedifferencebetweenafullandanemptylife.WhyPeopleWorkLeonardR.SaylesArticle2_wBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingHistorically,workhasbeenassociatedwithslaveryandsinandpunishment.Andinourowndayweareusedtohearingthetraditionalcomplaints:“Ican’twaitformyvacation,”“IwishIcouldstayhometoday,”“Mybosstreatsmepoorly,”“I’vegottoomuchworktodoandnotenoughtimetodoit.”Againstthisbackground,itmaywellcomeasasurprisetolearnthatnotonlypsychologistsbutotherbehavioralscientistshavecometoacceptthepositivecontributionofworktotheindividual’shappinessandsenseofpersonalachievement.Workismorethananecessityformosthumanbeings;itisthefocusoftheirlives,thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity.Article3_w

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingRatherthanapunishmentoraburden,workistheopportunitytorealizeone’spotential.Manypsychiatristsheadingmentalhealthclinicshaveobserveditshealingeffect.Agoodmanypatientswhofeeldepressedinclinicsgainrenewedself-confidencewhengainfullyemployedandlosesome,ifnotall,oftheirmostacutesymptoms.Increasingly,institutionsdealingwithmentalhealthproblemsareestablishingworkshopswhereinthosetoosicktogetajobin“outside”industrycanwork,whileeveryeffortisexertedtoarrange“real”jobsforthosewellenoughtoworkoutside.Article4_w

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingAndthereverseistrue,too.Forlargenumbersofpeople,theabsenceofworkisharmfultotheirhealth.Retirementoftenbringsmanyproblemssurroundingthe“WhatdoIdowithmyself?”question,eventhoughtheremaybenofinancialcares.Largenumbersofpeopleregularlygetheadachesandotherillnessesonweekendswhentheydon’thavetheirjobstogoto,andmustfendforthemselves.Ithasbeenobservedthatunemployment,quiteasidefromexertingfinancialpressures,bringsenormouspsychologicaltroublesandthatmanyindividualsdeterioraterapidlywhenjobless.Butwhy?Whyshouldworkbesuchasignificantsourceofhumansatisfaction?Agoodshareoftheanswerrestsinthekindofpridethatisstimulatedbythejob,bytheactivityofaccomplishing.Article5_w

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingPrideinAccomplishmentThehumanbeinglongsforasenseofbeingaccomplished,ofbeingabletodothings,withhishand,withhismind,withhiswill.Eachofuswantstofeelheorshehastheabilitytodosomethingthatismeaningfulandthatservesasatributetoourinherentabilities.Itiseasiesttoseethisinthecraftsmanwholovinglyshapessomecheapmaterialintoanobjectthatmaybeeitherusefulorbeautifulorboth.Youcanseethecarpenterorbricklayerstandasideandadmiretheproductofhispersonalskill.Article6_w

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingButevenwherethereisnoobviousendproductthatissolelyattributabletooneperson’sskill,researchershavefoundthatemployeesfindprideinaccomplishment.Ourownresearchinhospitalssuggeststhateventhehousekeepingandlaundrystaffstakeprideinthefactthatintheirownwaystheyarehelpingtocuresickpeople—andthusaccomplishingagooddeal.We’reoftenmisledbythecomplaintssurroundingdifficultwork;deepdownmostpeopleregardtheirowncapacitytoconquerthetoughjobasthemarkoftheirownuniquepersonality.Complainingisjustpartofworking.Afterall,howelsedoyouknowwhoyouare,exceptasyoucandemonstratetheabilityofyourmindtocontrolyourlimbsandhandsandwords?Youare,insignificantmeasure,whatyoucando.Somearedeceivedintothinkingthatpeopleliketostoreupenergy,torestandsavethemselvesasmuchaspossible.Justtheopposite.Itisenergyexpenditurethatissatisfying.Article7_w

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingJustwatchanemployeewhomustdealwithcountlessotherpeoplebecausehisorherjobisatsomecentralpointinacommunicationsnetwork:asalesmanatabusycounter,astockbrokeronthephone,acustomerrepresentative.Theywilltellyouhowmuchskillandexperienceittakestoanswercountlessquestionsandhandlevariouskindsofpersonalitieseveryhouroftheday.Noteveryonecaninteractwithsuchpersistenceandoverlonghours,butthosewhodo,pridethemselvesonadistinctiveabilitythatcontributesmightilytotherunningoftheorganization.Butworkismorethanaccomplishmentandprideinbeingabletocommandthejob,becauseexceptforafewcraftsmenandartistsmostworktakesplace“outintheworld,”withandthroughotherpeople.Article8_w

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingEspritdecorpsPerhapsanexamplewillmakethepoint:Irememberviewingahalfdozenmeninachairfactorywhosejobitwastobendseveralpiecesofsteelandattachthemsothatafoldingchairwouldresult.Whilethereweretenortwelveofthese“teams”thatworkedtogether,oneinparticularwasknownforitsperfectcoordinationandlightning-likeefforts.Themenknewtheyweregood.Theywouldworkinspurtsfortwentyorthirtyminutesbeforetakingabreak—toshowthemselves,bystandersandothergroupswhatitwastobesuperblyskilledandself-controlled,tobethebestinthefactory.WhenItalkedwiththem,eachexpressedenormousprideinbeingapartofthefastest,bestteam.Andthissenseofbelongingtoanaccomplishedworkgroupisoneofthedistinctivesatisfactionsoftheworldofwork.Article9_w

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingOnefurtherwordaboutworkgroupsatisfactions.Unlikemanyotheraspectsoflife,relationshipsamongpeopleatworktendtobesimpler,lesscomplicated,somewhatlessemotional.Thisisnottosaytherearen’targumentsandjealousies,but,onthewhole,behavioralresearchdisclosesthathumanrelationsatworkarejusteasier,perhapsbecausetheyaremoreregularandpredictableandthussimplertoadjusttothanthesporadic,themoreintenseandlessregularrelationshipsinthecommunity.Andtheworkgroupalsogentlypressuresitsmemberstolearnhowtoadjusttooneanothersothatthe“roughedges”areworkedoffbecausepeopleknowtheymustdocertainthingswithandthroughoneanothereachday.

Article10_w

BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingBeyondtheteamandtheworkgroup,thereistheorganization,whetheritbecompanyorhospitaloruniversity.Thesameprideinbeingpartofawell-coordinated,successfulunitisderivedfrombeingpartofalargercollectivit