大学英语精读-第四册-Unit-10-The-Telephone

Unit10.TheTelephoneI.Warming-upexercisesII.BackgroundinformationIII.TextThemeIV.TextAnalysisV.Words&Phrases&SentencesI.Warming-upexercises:Whendidthetelephonecometoyourlife?Couldyouimaginealifewithoutthetelephone?Howdoyouthinkthetelephonerelatestoyouandyourliferespectively?II.Backgroundinformation:AuthorMagdaluna.Lebanon(para.1)IntermarriageinArabcountries(para.1)Communion.图(para.14)Arabwomenweargarmentsthatcovertheirfacesorheads.Author—AnwarF.Accawi---WhenthecivilwarbrokeoutinLebanon,AnwarF.AccawiandhiswifewereforcedtoleavethecountryandeventuallymovedtoTennessee,andlatersettleddownintheStates.---Hecurrentlyteachesasafull-timeinstructorattheEnglishLanguageInstituteoftheUniversityofTennessee,Knoxville.HehaslivedandtaughtintheU.S.since1965.---BorninLebanoninafamilywhoseancestorsarebelievedtohavegonetoJerusalemintheCrusades.---WhilehewaslivinginLebanonteachingEnglishasasecondlanguageattheAmericanUniversityinBeruit,hemarriedanAmericanwomanfromTennessee.

Lebanon黎巴嫩TheRepublicofLebanonorLebanonissmall,largelymountainouscountrysituatedattheeasternedgeoftheMediterraneanSea.ThenameLebanonderivesfromtheSemiticlanguageswordLaban,meaningthe“white”peaksoftheLebanonMountains.黎巴嫩共和国，位于亚洲西南部地中海东岸，东,北部邻叙利亚，南界巴勒斯坦、以色列，西濒地中海。习惯上称为中东国家。Lebanon黎巴嫩Magdaluna马格达路娜(para.1)avillagethatliesintheLebanonMountainsrunningparalleltotheMediterraneancoastline.IntermarriageamongcousinsinArabcountries近亲结婚(para.1)Thepracticehascomedownfromancienttimes,whentheArabsweremostlynomadichersmen.Today,thisintermarriageisstillverycommonbecauseofeconomicsonsiderations.在阿拉伯国家堂兄妹或表兄妹之间的联姻仍很普遍。古代，大多数阿拉伯人是游牧名族，居无定所，这样年轻人的配偶选择范围就很小。现代，出于经济上考虑，联姻依然普遍。对穷人来说减少了交换嫁妆的麻烦；对富人来说，近亲联姻让他们不用担心财产罗若旁人手中。Communion(para.14)ItreferstothecerebrationoftheLord’ssupperintheChristianChurch.InthisreligiousceremonybelieverseatbreadanddrinkwineassignsofChrist’sbodyandblood.指领圣餐：耶稣被出卖的那一夜，拿起无酵饼来擘开，象征耶稣的身体为我们在十字架上舍身。饭后，耶稣也照样拿起鲜红的葡萄酒杯，象征着主的血为我们罪人而流。从此，历世历代的教会都遵照主的教导，在地上实行圣餐礼。Communion领圣餐:Arabwomenweargarmentsthatcovertheirfacesorheads.Everythingshouldbecoveredexcepthands,faceandfeet.Beneatharobe,awomanmaybewearingatraditionaldress,casualclothesorbusinesssuit.

这是一种宗教习俗而不是文化习俗。除了头、脸和脚以外其他部分都要遮盖。这种包头的围巾叫做“伊斯兰头巾”或者“黑色斗篷”，这种长袍式的衣服叫做黑袍。在长袍下面，妇女也可以穿传统礼服、便装或正装。III.TextTheme:Thetextdescribes,fromaboy’sperspective,howtelephoneaffectedpeople’swayoflifeinaLebanesemountainvillage.Itbroketheseclusionofthevillage.Thetextraisedusaquestion:Whatattitudeweshouldadopttowardnewthings,whetherweshouldwelcomethemorboycottthem.IV.TextAnalysis:Plot:Thecomingoftelephonebroughtsomechangestothesmallvillage,bothpersonallyandsocially.Setting:1)socialsetting:intheearly20thcenturybeforetheprocessofmodernization2)storysetting:inavillageinLebanonProtagonist:“I”whentheauthorwasyoungWordBuilding

1.Prefix+Root2.Compoundobjectject:topush;todrivedeject使沮丧eject喷射；逐出inject注射，注入，插入object反对，抗议project设计；投射，放映reject抛弃；拒收；否认subject使遭受；服从；提供prefixrootresistassist帮助consist组成exist存在insist坚持，极力要求persist坚持不懈,持续resist抵制，抗议rootprefixattainattain获得，得到contain含有，容纳detain阻止；拘留；延迟entertain娱乐；招待maintain维持；继续，保持obtain获得；达到pertain附属；适合retain保留，维持prefixrootdeportport:anyplacethatformsaharbordeport逐出境export向（外国）输出，出口import引进，输入，进口port港口，码头portable便于携带的；可转移的transport运输，运送，搬运prefixrootWordBuilding--Compoundn.+n.butcher-shopchicken-poxfinger-nailhail-stormpocket-knivestrouble-shootern.+n.(ed)marble-sizedn.+v.(ed/ing)hand-rolledfish-bearingn.+adj.jet-blackadj.+v.(ed)middle-agedfull-blown“Irememberanotherincident,”someonechimedin.

Herexpectationchimesinwiththebeliefofmanyothers.

Theartist’sillustrationchimesinperfectlywiththetext.

chimeina.插话b.协调，一致，融合tobreakinto/enter(aconversation);tointerrupttobecompatible;toagreewithPara16twist…together把…拧在一起Para17wriggletotwistfromsidetosidewithsmallquickmovements扭动、蠕动Thedetectivewriggledhimselfthroughthehole.侦探扭动身子从洞口钻了进去。Thechildtriedtowriggleoutofhismother’sarms.孩子一扭一扭地想从母亲怀里挣脱出来。raspV.1.torubwithsth.rough擦、刮2.(ofsound)tohavearough,annoyingeffect(声音）发出刺耳声n.擦刮声、刺耳声raspy:Raspywords刺耳的话语Araspytemper火爆性子Beraspyfromlackofsleep因缺少睡眠而心情烦躁Para19adevoutadmirerdevoutthanks

devout(由devote衍生而来)

adj.

devotedtodivineworshiporserviceSynonymspiousferventearnest

jet-blackhair漆黑的头发whore/prostitute妓女，娼妓entertain款待troubleshooter故障检修员；排解纠纷者绞出，拧出强行索取使痛苦Theworkerwringsthewaterfromthetowel.Therobberintendstowringmoneyoutof/fromtheoldman.Thesightoftheorphanchildwrings

ourhearts.wring(wrungwrung)

v.

to

claspandtwistorsqueezeasindistress使某人不被烦扰keepsb.outofone’shairThewifeissokindastoalwayskeepherhusbandoutofherhair.(inform.)(collo.)tohavesb.awayfromthetrouble;toirritatesb.attendtoHeshouldattendbettertohisstudies.他应该更加专心于他的学习。bustle:tobebusilyactive,oftenwithmuchnoisev.闹哄哄地忙乱、奔忙；n.热闹的活动Shebustledthechildrenofftoschool.她匆匆忙忙地打发孩子们去上学。hustleandbustle忙碌，奔忙，繁忙Therewasagreatdealofhustleandbustleinthecity.城市里人群熙来攘往。辨析：bustle,hustlebustle,hustle都指“匆忙”,bustle侧重“忙乱”,hustle侧重“急忙”助记：busy---bustle“忙”乱

hurry—hustle“急”忙Para20辨析：assureensureinsurereassure

assure:①使…确信②向…保证指以十分肯定的语气向别人担保某事一定发生assuresb.of/that…n.assurance①保证，表示保证（或鼓励，安慰）的话②把握，信心③（人寿）保险givesb.anassurancethat…=assuresb.that…withassurance=withconfidenceensure:保证，担保确保某种行动或动因的结果一定会发生①ensurethat…②ensuresb.sth.

insure：①保证，确保（正式用ensure）②给…保险insure…against(防备…)的保险n.insurance保险，保险费reassure:re-(=again)+assuremakesb.sureagain使放心reassuring:makingyoufeellessworriedorfrightened安慰的、使人放心的Itisreassuringtoknowthatthereisalwayssomeonearoundtohelp.Para21toss:tothrowsth.esp.sth.light,withaquickmovementofyourhands扔、抛、掷tosstheballtoeachotherHetossedatthemahard-linespeech.他朝他们发表了一番强硬的讲话。backandforth:来回地、反复地Pacebackandforthintheroomdeliversb.fromsb./sth.tohelpsb.escapefromsth.badorevil释放、解救、解脱Theydeliveredthehostagesfromtheterrorists.lukewarm:(offood,liquid,etc.)slightlywarmandnotashotorcoldasitshouldbe不冷不热的、温的lukewarmwaterBuyershaveadoptedalukewarmattitude.买主的态度不甚热情。Runanerrandforme,willyou?GofindRogerforme.Hewastiredofrunningerrandsforhissister.4.errand

n.shortjourneytotakeamessage,getordelivergoods,etc.（短程的）差事、任务Hedidthreeerrandsinonetrip. Ifyourunerrandforsb.,youdoorgetsth.forthem,usuallybemakingashorttripsomewhere.Para22

trailoff

(ofone’svoice,speech,etc.tochangegraduallysoastobecomeweak,ineffectual,etc.andthenstop

Hisinterestintheworktrailedoff.Hervoicetrailedoffintoawhisper.

逐渐减弱，缩小

lurev.toattract,draworrecall吸引、引诱n.anythingthatattracts;powerofattracting诱惑物、吸引力Thehunterluredthefoxintoatrap.Largefirmslurecustomersawaywithslick（圆滑的、华而不实的）advertisement.Thebeacheshavebecomealureforwalking,especiallyintheearlyevening.Para24辨析：maimcrippleinvalidmutilate

main:指人体因受损伤而失去正常功能

cripple:指四肢，尤指下肢致残而行动困难。比喻义：能力丧失或削弱

invalid:因疾病或受伤致残不能再履行职责，多用于不对服役

mutilate:因失去手足或身体重要部位而行动困难desolate

adj./v.deserted;madeunfitforhabitation

荒芜的、孤独凄凉的、可怜的、沉闷的

使荒芜、使凄凉、使悲惨、使痛苦、抛弃

Shewasdesolateafterherparentsdied.Thelandwasdesolatedbyfloods.Weweredesolatedtohearthenewsofherdeath.desolatelandadesolateoldhousethedesolatepoorlifedesolatememories不毛之地废旧的房屋悲惨的穷人沉闷的生活令人沮丧的回忆forsake

v.

a.toquitorleaveentirely

b.togiveuporrenounce放弃(ahabit,wayoflife,etc.)forsakethetheaterforsakeabadhabitanoldforsakenhouseHewasforsakenbyhisfriends.辨析：discarddesertabandonforsakediscard:抛弃具体的东西，如废纸物扔掉desert:通过离开的方式而抛弃人走掉

abandon:因外界压力，影响，环境等因素而放弃自己的职业、计划、兴趣或理想等

forsake:主要指断绝情感上的依恋，自愿放弃信仰或改掉恶习keeptrackof:tokeeponeselfinformedaboutaperson,situation,etc.cf.losetrackof:tofailtoremaininformed

Inthosedays,therewasnorealneedforacalendarorawatchtokeeptrackofthehours,days,months,andyears.Theytryhardtokeeptrackoftheirfavoritestars.HelosestrackoftimewheneverhesurfstheNet.

I’vebeentoldthattetawasbornshortlyafterthebigsnowthatcausedtheroofonthemayor’shousetocavein.

(ofrooforwall)tofalldownorinward;tocollapse塌落，倒塌，（墙等）内陷BecausemenwhowouldnotlieeventosavetheirownsoulstoldandretoldthatstoryuntilitwasincorporatedintoMagdaluna’scalendar.Incorporate:(into)toincludesth.aspartofagroup,system,plan,etc.包含、加上、吸收Incorporatesthinto/toHisproposalwasincorporatedintotheplan包含，并入Sticky:

1.黏性的Theroadwasstickyaftertherain.Stickysweets2.(处境、问题)棘手的Astickyproblem/issue难题Heputhimintoaratherstickyposition.Thingsweregettingtoostickyforhim.

Andsometimestheargumentsescalatedintofull-blown,knockdown-dragoutfights.Andsometimestheargumentsbecamesofiercethatthewomenbegantofightviolently.

(AmE.)veryviolentoruncontrolled激烈的、inthemostcompleteanddevelopedform（花）盛开的；充分发展的

Ifwesurrenderonthissmallissue,theyundoubtedlywillescalatetheirdemands.如果我们在这个小问题上让步，他们会得寸进尺，提出更多要求。escalatingprice/pressureescalator自动扶梯v.

toincreaseinintensityorextentescalateTranslation逐渐增强逐渐上升扩大

…calleachothernamesthatmademyearstingle…

s

互相辱骂toabusethembyinsultingwords

…thewordstheyusedwhentheywerequarrelingweresooffensivethatwelittleboysfeltuncomfortable…

s

calleachothernamescallsb.bynameinnameinone’sownnameinthenameof…

makeone’snametoone’snameunderthenameof…usesb.’sname谩骂某人名叫，直呼其名在名义上用自己的名义，擅自在······名下，代表······；为了······；依凭······

使某人成名、出名在自己名下，属自己所有用·····的名字，以·····的名义援引某人的话reveal

v.

a.tomakeknown;todisclose

b.tolayopentoview;toexpose/show/display/exhibitExamples:Investigationhasrevealedhimtobeacriminal.Shedrewthecurtainsasidetorevealabeautifulgarden.Theirfacesrevealedangerandalarm.Translation揭露揭示展示显示cf.revealing例：Shetriedtotalkhimoutofhisplan.Hetalkedmeintocominghere.talksb.outofsth.

=persuadesbfromdoing

odoingsth.

=persuadesbintodoing

DidalltheycouldtotalkAbuRajaoutofhavingatelephonebroughttothevillage

Buttheywereoutshoutedandignoredandfinallyshunnedbytheothervillage……

v.tokeepawayfrom;totakepainstoavoid避开、回避Hewasshunnedbyhisformerfriends.cf.shunt转移；摆脱atone’selbow:withineasyreach,nearandreadyforuse在近边，在手边Themanisveryinterestedincookingandalwayshasalotofcookerybooksathiselbow.Avirtueofavillaisthattheoceanandthehillisatyourelbow.…好处之一就是依山傍海。SentenceanalysisSentence(para.7)Youcouldn’tbemoreaccuratethanthat,now,couldyou?用法：(spoken)usedforgivingemphasistoarequest,order,orcomment例句：1.Becareful,now.(order)2.Now,what’sgoingonhere?(request)3.It’smarvelous,nowisn’tit?(comment)Sentence(para.8)Incredibleasitmaysound,thestoryofthefishandorangeswastrue…用法：incredibleasitmaysound是一个强调句型，通过倒装和省略强调了incredible例子：unexpectedasitis意思是itisabsolutelyunexpected/handsomeasheis意思是howhandsomeheisSentence(para.9)Theyearofdrought,whentheheavenswereshutformonthsandthespringfromwhichtheentirevillagegotitsdrinkingwaterslowedto