大学英语 课件1：Unit 2读写译

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Unit2ExerciseandHealthUnderstandtheunexpectedeffectsofexerciseonhumanbody.Practicedistinguishingbetweenfactsandopinions.Writeashortparagraphfollowingthe“effect-causes”pattern.Learningobjectives

ContentsUnit2Warming-upSectionASectionB&COnlinetask

WarmingupUnit2BackgroundinformationAudio-visualmaterialsIdeasharing(Atopicfordiscussion]Backgroundinformation

Purdueisapublic,engineering,doctoral-grantinguniversitylocatedinWestLafayette,Indiana.Foundedin1869andnamedafterbenefactorJohnPurdue,PurdueUniversityprovidesagriculture,mechanicartseducation,etc.forstudentsfromover130countries.

PurdueUniversityBackgroundinformation

Medicine&ScienceinSports&ExerciseistheofficialJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicine,whichhelpsreadersenhancetheirbasicunderstandingabouttheroleofphysicalactivityinhumanhealthandfunction.TheJournalincludesoriginalpeer-reviewedarticles,relevantdiscussionsfollowingeacharticletoprovideunderstandingofhowaparticularstudycontributestootherresearchtopics,advancesinmethodology,aswellasviewpointsofleadingscientistsandphysicians.Withit,exercisephysiologists,physiatrists,physicaltherapists,teamphysiciansandathletictrainersgetavitalexchangeofinformationfrombasicandappliedscience,medicine,educationandalliedhealthfields.Medicine&ScienceinSports&ExerciseBackgroundinformationThedigestivesystemisaseriesofholloworgansjoinedinalong,twistingtubefromthemouthtotheanus.Insidethistubeisaliningcalledthemucosa.Inthemouth,stomach,andsmallintestine,themucosacontainstinyglandsthatproducejuicestohelpdigestfood.Twosolidorgans,theliverandthepancreas,producedigestivejuicesthatreachtheintestinethroughsmalltubes.Inaddition,partsofotherorgansystems(forinstance,nervesandblood)playamajorroleinthedigestivesystem.DigestiveSystemIdea-sharing(GroupWork)Whatexercisedoyoutakeregularly?Whatdoyouknowaboutthepositiveandnegativeeffectsofexercise?Idea-sharing:formsofexercise

aerobicexercise:Squats(蹲坐);Abdominal(腹部)exercises;Lunges(俯卧撑);Push-ups(上推Running;Walking;football,basketball,tennis,swimming,bowling,Taichi,YogaIdea-sharing:BenefitsofExercise

reducediseases,lowerbloodpressureReducebloodcholesterolBoostbonestrengthBurncaloriesandkeepweightdownimprovefitnessandendurance,lowerheartrate,efficientpumpingoftheheart,combatdailystressIdea-sharing:NegativeEffectsofExercisePhysicalinjurieshigherriskoffracturebackpainstressontheheartSuddendeathduetoheartattackirondeficiency

GroupWork:JigsawWorkingroupsoffour:1,2,3,4;Eachmembercontributesatleasttwoformsofexercisetothegroup;novelideasarewelcome.Twomembers(1&2)thinkaboutallthepositiveeffects,theothertwo(3&4),thenegative;Exchangeideassothateachmemberisclearofsomebasicideasofbothsides.RearrangeideasandMember3ineachgroupreportstothewholeclass.Therestoftheclasstakenoteswhilelistening.WhatcanyoulearnaboutexercisefromPassageA?SectionA

SectionAIronandtheEffectsofExerciseTextunderstandingStructureanalysis：CheckyourvocabularyWritingskillSentenceanalysiswordsandexpressionsPost-readingactivity1.Ifawomansuffersfromirondeficiency,whatcanshedotobounceback?Comprehensionquestionsadditionalmeat,ironsupplementsSectionA2.Whyarewomenmorelikelytosufferfromirondeficiency?monthlybleeding3.Howdoesexercisecauseirondeficiency?avarietyofmechanisms,sweat,bleedingofthedigestivesystemComprehensionquestionsSectionA4.Howmanystagesdoesirondeficiencygothrough?

Three.下一页5.Whatdoesitmeanwhenyouareinthethirdstageofirondeficiency?introuble,ironreservesgotozero,feelweak,tiredandoutofbreathSectionAComprehensionquestions6.Whataregoodsourcesofiron?meat,chicken,fish,dates,beans,leafygreenvegetables.

7.Ifsomeonehaslowironreserves,whatshouldheavoid?

coffeeorteawithmealsComprehensionquestionsSectionATrueorfalse:

Findevidencesfromthetexttosupportyourself.Onlyintenseenduranceexercisecanresultinirondeficiency,butmoderateexerciseisOK.(para.1)Menarenotsolikelytohaveironlossaswomenare.(para.9)Bycheckinglevelsofthebloodprotein,youcanknoweasilywhetheryouhaveirondeficiencyornot.(para.9)Toavoidironloss,exercisersshouldtakeironsupplementseveryday.(para.10)

FTFFExercise,evenmoderateexercise,mayleadtoreducedironinthebloodofwomen.

(para.1-3)

Causesforirondeficiencyamongwomen(paras.4-6)

Stagesofirondeficiencyandtheimportancetocheckironreserves(paras.7-9)Adviceonhowtoremedyirondeficiency.

(paras.10-12)TextStructureAnalysisSectionAStructureAnalysis:checkyourvocabularySportsmedicineexpertshaveobservedforyearsthatenduranceathletes,particularlyfemales,

haveirondeficiencies.Theyfoundthatwomenwhowerenormally

andthenstartedaprogramof

exerciseshowedevidenceofironloss.Womenwhoconsumedadditionalmeatortookiron

wereableto

.Butthenewexerciserswhofollowedtheirnormaldietshoweda

inironlevels.frequentlyveryofteninactivemoderatesupplementsbouncebackdecreaseBacknotactiveaverageamountof补充剂恢复过来下降Cause1Cause4Irondeficiencyiscommonamongwomen,especiallyactivewomen.

(ignore)oftheamountofirontheytakeCause2Cause3Monthly(blood)

(拒绝不吃)redmeat

(限制)diettocontrolweightIgnorancebleedingRejectingRestrictingParas.4-6BackCause5ExerciseStructureAnalysis:checkyourvocabularyEffectStructureAnalysis:checkyourvocabulary(1)Thefirstandmostcommonishaving,aconditionthattypicallyhasnosymptoms.(2)Fatigueandpoorperformancemaybegintoappearinthesecondstageofdeficiency,whennotenoughironispresenttoformthemoleculesofbloodproteinthat

totheworkingmuscles.(3)Inthethirdandfinalstage,peopleoftenfeelweak,tired,andoutofbreath—andexerciseperformanceis.BacklowironreservestransportoxygenseverelycompromisedThreeStagesofIronDeficiency（铁储备量低）（输送氧气）（大打折扣）StructureAnalysis:checkyourvocabularyCorrectingirondeficiencyModifyingdietTakingsupplements(1)Thebestsourcesofironare____,_______,and____.(2)Goodsourcesofotherformsofironinclude_____,_____,andsome_____________________.(3)Eat

foodwithplentiful.(4)Avoiddrinking

or

withmeals.Supplementsmayproduceafeelingofwantingto.Theymaybe

insomecasesthrowuppoisonousmeatchickenfishiron-addedVitaminCdatesleafygreenvegetablesbeansteacoffeeBackWritingSkill:

CauseandEffectcause:areasonforaneffectorresult

effect/result:adevelopment,aconsequence(1)Becauseofthemoon'sgravitationalpull,thereareoceantides.(2)Theoceantidesareaffectedbythemoon'sgravitationalpull.(3)Themoonhasagravitationalpull;consequently,thereareoceantides.e.g.:SentencePatternsthatIndicateCauseandEffect

{Becauseof/Dueto}X,thereisY.Or{Becauseof/Dueto}X,Yhappens.X{affects/influences}Y.Or

Y{isaffected/isinfluenced}byX.X{causes/produces/resultsin}Y.OrY{iscaused/isproducedby/isaresultof/isdueto}X.

WritingSkill:

CauseandEffectRewritesentences(a)and(b)intoonesentencewiththevocabularythatindicatescauseandeffect.(a)Dailyexercisestrengthenstheheart.(b)Manypeoplewhoexercisedailyhavehealthyhearts.(a)Cakesandcandyarehighinsugar.(b)Cakesandcandyarebadfortheteeth.Because/As/Sincedailyexercisestrengthenstheheart,manypeoplewhoexercisedailyhavehealthyhearts.Cakesandcandyarehighinsugar.Therefore/So/Consequently/Asaconsequence,theyarebadfortheteeth.

WritingSample

Goodhealthisaffectedbyabalanceddiet.Ontheotherhand,ifwedonoteatwell,thiscouldcauseproblemsandwecouldbecomeverysick.Forinstance,ifourdietlacksVitaminA,blindnessmayresult.ManyproblemsaffectingtheskinandtheteethareduetoalackofVitaminC.WhenourdietcontainsrecommendedamountsofVitaminAandC,however,ourabilitytofightdiseaseslikecancerisgreatlyaffected.Soitmakessensetoeatwellbecausethisresultsinalongerandhealthierlife.Underlinethetopicsentenceandalsounderlinewordsthatspecifycauseandeffect.

Topic1:DietandHealthTopic2:ExerciseandHealthWritingPracticeTipsforYouGiveanoutlineofyourwritingfirst.Discusswithyourpartnerwhethertheoutlineagreewiththetopic.Makesomemodificationifnecessary.Writeyourcompositionaccordingtotheoutline.Groupassessment.1.Irondeficiencyisverycommonamongwomeningeneral,affectingoneinfourfemaleteenagersandoneinfivewomenaged18to45,respectively.(L13-14)Aquarteroffemaleteenagersandonefifthofwomenattheageof18to45havetheproblemofirondeficiency.SentenceAnalysis缺铁在多数女性中是很常见的，十多岁的少女四人中有一人缺铁，18至45岁的女性五人中有一人缺铁。

“Respectively”modifies“oneinfourfemaleteenagersandoneinfivewomenaged18to45”,indicatingeachgroupseparately.Sentenceanalysis2.Forawomanwhoalreadyhasapoorironstatus,anyadditionalironlossfromexercisemaybeenoughtotipherovertheedgeintoamoreseriousdeficiency.(L27-28)对于那些已经缺铁的女性，任何因锻炼而产生的更多铁离子流失都足以导致体内缺铁状况的恶化。Ifawomanwhoalreadyhaslessironthannecessarystartsaprogramofexercisethatcausesmorelossofiron,thenherironstatuswillchangegreatlyandshe'llbeputinamoreseriousstateofirondeficiency.tip(sb.)overtheedge:bringaboutanoticeablechange;(causeto)developintoanotherstatus

3.Fatigueandpoorperformancemaybegintoappearinthesecondstageofdeficiency,whennotenoughironispresenttoformthemoleculesofbloodproteinthattransportoxygentotheworkingmuscles.(L35-37)到了缺铁的第二阶段，就会出现疲倦和力不从心，此时体内已没有足够的铁来形成血蛋白分子，将氧输至运动着的肌肉。Inthesecondstageofdeficiencywhenthereisnoenoughirontoformthemoleculesofbloodproteinthattransportoxygentotheworkingmuscles,onemaybegintofeelverytiredandunabletodotheiractivitiesproperly.4.Ifyoupayattentiontowarningsignsbeforeironreservesaregone,youcanremedythedeficiencybeforeitreallybecomesaproblem.(L69-70)Ifyouarecarefulenoughtonoticethesignsoflowironlevelinyourbody,youcancorrecttheirondeficiencybeforetheconditionbecomestooserioustodealwith.如果你在铁离子储量流失之前就注意到了警告信号，你就可以在它真正成为问题之前弥补铁离子的不足。

WordsandExpressionsmoderatea.

(L6)

Canyouguesswhat“amoderatepoliticalgroup”？食用适量的脂肪对健康有益。Meaning:nottoomuch;notextremee.g.:Eatingamoderateamountoffatishealthy.Yes,apoliticalgroupthatismild,neutralandnevergoestoextremes.2.supplement

n.(L10)

Translationavitaminsupplementasupplementtoamonthlyfinancialmagazinev.Theyaredoingextrajobsoutsidetheirregularonestosupplementtheirincomes.维生素补剂一份金融月刊的增刊除了常规工作外，他们还干些零活，以补充收入。WordsandExpressionssupplementarya.3.Liablea.

Ifyoudon'ttakecareofyourself,you'reliabletogetsick.

他还要负责偿还助学贷款。如果你不照顾好自己，就有可能生病。WordsandExpressionsMeaning:belikelyto;responsibleHeisstillliableforrepayinghisstudentloan.4.digest

vt.Some

peoplehavedifficultydigestingmilk.Howaboutyou?

WordsandExpressionseatandabsorb;understand他能以惊人的速度消化大量的信息.n.ashortwrittenreportofalongerpiece

TheSundaynewspaperincludesadigestoflastweek'smajorstories.

Hecoulddigestanenormousamountofinformationwithamazingspeed.

周日的报纸上有一则上周主要事件的摘要。Translationvesseln.afishingvessel1.containerforliquid3.tubeWordsandExpressions2.alargeboatorashipTheremainsofsomeRomanearthenwarevesselswerefoundduringthedig.

bloodvessel渔船血管allowancen.1)theamountallowedorgranted限额，定量e.g.:

Mostofourflightshaveabaggageallowanceof20kgperpassenger.

我们的大多数航班容许每位旅客免费带20公斤行李。Whatisyourweeklyallowanceofmilk?UseitWordsandExpressionse.g.

Themanagertraveledonbusinesswithanallowancethatcoveredhotelandrestaurantbills.这位经理出差时有包括食宿的补贴。2)Something,suchasmoney,givenatregular

intervalsorforaspecificpurpose津贴，补贴等WordsandExpressionsPost-readingactivity:

Role-play:Jennyisanactivegirlwhodoesalotofexercisesuchasrunningandtennis.Recentlyshefeelstiredallthetimeandfallsasleepinclass.Shegoestothedoctor,whoanalyzesthereasonsforherandgiveshersomesuggestionsondiet.Readingskill:

distinguishbetween

factsandopinionsWhatarefacts?Factstellwhatreallyhappenedorwhatreallyisthecase.Somethingthatisacertaintyknownbyactualexperienceorobservation,3)Notchangefrompersontoperson,orfromplacetoplace.

Distinguishbetween

factsandopinionsWhatareopinions?1)Statementsofbelief,judgmentorfeeling.2)Theyshowwhatsomeonethinksorfeelsaboutasubject.3)Solidopinions,ofcourse,arebasedonfacts.However,opinionsarestillsomebody’sviewofsomethingandarenotfactsthemselves.1.Aneight-yearstudyof13,000peoplefoundt