《随堂优化训练》高中英语 Unit 5 Section II Learning about Language配套 北师大必修1

SectionⅡLearningaboutLanguage

Thescientistfromwhomthewholenationbenefitedalotneverlostheartwhenhewasintrouble.让全国人民受益很大的那位科学家在处于困境时从不灰心。loseheart丧失勇气或信心典例拓展Neverloseheartwhenyoufail.失败时别灰心。loseone'shearttosb./sth.爱上/钟情于某人/物breakone'sheart使人难过/伤心putone'sheartinto把全部心思放在……learn...byheart背诵；牢记fromthebottomofone'sheart从某人的内心深处运用完成句子，每空一词①Don't________________(灰心)．Ibelieveyou'llsucceedonedayifyouinsistonit.loseheart②She________________________________(爱上)himatthefirstsight.lostherheartto

③Ithankher________________________________________________(从我的内心深处)．fromthebottomofmyheart定语从句(Ⅱ)：由关系副词where,when,why,介词．＋which/whom引导的定语从句

关系副词where,when,why和关系代词一样放在先行词的后面起引导作用，同时在定语从句中分别充当地点、时间和原因状语。1．where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。如：ThisistheuniversitywhereGrandpastudied30yearsago.这是爷爷30年前就读过的大学。2．when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：Canyoustillrememberthateveningwhenwemetforthefirsttime？你还记得我们第一次见面的那个晚上吗？DoyouknowthedatewhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded？你知道中华人民共和国成立的日期吗？

注意：关系副词

where引导的定语从句有时先行词不是具体的地点名词，而是抽象名词position,stage,situation,case,occasion等。如：Hegotintoasituationwhereitishardtodecidewhatisrightandwrong.他陷入了一种难以分辨是非的局面。3．why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。如：Thereasonwhyherefusedthejobisthathethoughtthesalarywasalittletoolow.他拒绝那份工作的原因是他觉得工资太低了一点。Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhedidn'ttellittohisfather.我不知道他没有把这件事告诉他父亲的原因。

4．由于关系副词在定语从句中相当于“介词＋名词”，即when＝on/in/during...(time);where＝in/at/on...(place);why＝for...(reason)，因此关系副词可换为“介词＋which”引导定语从句。如：Thatisthedaywhen(onwhich)hedidtheexperiments.就是他做实验的那一天。Thisisthehousewhere(inwhich)myfatherusedtolive.这就是我父亲以前住过的房子。Thatisthereasonwhy(forwhich)heisleavingverysoon.那就是他为什么要马上离开的原因。

注意：在“介词＋which”的结构中，介词的选择取决于which所指的名词与介词的搭配关系，或者取决于定语从句中动词词组与介词的搭配关系。如：Thisisthefarmonwhich(where)Iworkedthreeyearsago.(搭配：onafarm)这就是我三年前工作过的农场。Hecan'tforgetthatmomentatwhich(when)hesawhislong-lostchild.(搭配：atthemoment)他永远忘不了他见到失散很久的孩子的那一瞬间。Lastweekhewenttoapopstar'sperformance,forwhichhepaid100yuan.(搭配：paymoneyforsth.)上周他去听了一个明星演唱会，为此他花了100元。

5．当表示人的关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以用whom也可以用who和that，且可以省略；但当动词短语的介词提前时，就一定要用whom，且不能省略。如：He'sthesinger(whom/who/that)welike.他是我们喜欢的歌手。He'sthemantowhomshetalkedyeterday.他是她昨天与之交谈的人。

6．when,where引导的定语从句和when,where引导的状语从句的区别

when,where可以同时引导定语从句和状语从句，都在从句中作状语。但在引导定语从句时，前面必须分别有先行词，此时when,where可相应地改为“介词＋which”结构；而在引导状语从句时，从句前没有表示时间或地点的名词，此时不可将when,where改为“介词＋which”结构。如：Shewouldliketoliveinacountryneversnows.她想住在一个不下雪的国家。(画线部分为定语从句，修饰先行词acountry，where在从句中作状语)Shewouldliketolivewhereitneversnows.

她想住在一个不下雪的地方。(画线部分为状语从句，修饰谓语wouldliketolive，where在从句中作状语)7．that代替关系副词的特殊用法

在特殊情况下，that可以取代when,where,why和“介词＋which”，用于表示时间、地点、理由。在口语中that常被省略。如：Hisfatherdiedtheyearwhen/inwhich/(that)hewasborn.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。Heisunlikelytofindtheplacewhere/inwhich/(that)helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。Thereasonwhy/forwhich/(that)I'mringingistoaskyouforafavour.我打电话是想向你求助。一、用适当的关系词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句1．Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.→Thisisthehall.

2.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.→Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour

. 3.Thehouseisverylarge.Weliveinit.→Thehouse

isverylarge. 4.Wemetawomaninthepark.ThewomanisfromAmerica.→Thewoman

isfromAmerica.where/inwhichwelistenedtothereporttheotherdayatwhichthecarjustpasseduswhere/inwhichwelive/(which/that)welivein(that/who/whom)wemetinthepark5.ShaolinTemplewelcomesvisitorsbothathomeandabroad.ItliesinthewestofZhengzhou.→ShaolinTempleathomeandabroad.

6．Hewaslateforschoolagain.Doyouknowthereason?→Doyouknowthereason

？7.Noneofusbelievethereason.Heexplainedthereasonforhiscominglate.→Noneofusbelievethereason

.which/thatliesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesvisitorsboth.why/forwhichhewaslateforschoolagain(which/that)heexplainedforhiscominglate

8.Hehasgothimselfintoadangeroussituation.Heislikelytolosecontroloftheplane.→Hehasgothimselfintoadangeroussituation

. 9．Weneverforgetthosedays.Weworkedtogetherinthosedays. →Weneverforgetthosedays

. 10．Heistheoldman.mybrotherhasworkedwithhimfor10years. →Heistheoldman

.where/inwhichheislikelytolosecontroloftheplanewhen/inwhichweworkedtogetherwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfor10years二、用适当的关系词填空onwhich1.Thisisthetrain________theyoftengotoShanghai.2.Heworkedinafactory________producedcomputerpartsforsomekeycompanies.which/that3．Hewaseducatedatafamousuniversity,________hewentabroadandsettledthere.afterwhich4.Youmaycallmefromonetosixo'clo