2023学年完整版Unit4Globalwarming试题库

Unit4Globalwarming试题库1一、语言要点I单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分词语辨析result/effect/outcome2.glance/gaze/glare/stare词形变化v.同意disagreev.不同意agreement/disagreementn.同意/不同意2.existv.存在existencen.存在v.陈述，说明statementn.声明，阐述4.environmentn.环境environmentaladj.周围的，环境的environmentalistn.环境保护主义者重点单词phenomenonn.現象tendvt.趋向,往往是；照管,护理statevt.声明,陈述rangen.行列,范围；vt.排列,归类于averageadj.平均的existencen.生存advocate倡导，拥护refreshv.(使)精神振作,(使)精力恢复,更新contributionn.捐献,贡献,投稿重点词组comeabout发生quantitiesof大量的resultin导致beopposedto反对onbehalfof代表……一方putupwith忍受；容忍solongas只要重点句子1.Somebyproductsofthisprocessarecalled“greenhouse”gases,themostimportantoneofwhichiscarbondioxide.这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫“温室”气体,其中最重要的就是二氧化碳.重点语法it的用法（II）(见语法专题)II词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1).consequence/result/effect/outcome【解释】consequence强调因某件事而引起的后果，有时带贬义。result普通用语，指某行动，计划或事件带来的最终结果。effect与相对，指动作行为带来的后果或效应。outcome侧重某项活动，比赛的结果，结局【练习】选择consequence/result/effect或outcome并用其适当的形式填空1)The________ofthegamewasbeyondourexpectation.2)The_________ofthemeetingwasthatnooneshouldbedismissed.3)Theadvertisementshavemuch________onconsumers’choice.4)In_________oflaziness,hewasfired.Keys:1)outcome2)result3)effect4)consequence2).glance/gaze/glare/stare看，注视【解释】glance一瞥，匆匆一看，强调动作的短暂gaze凝视，注视，因惊异或赞赏而长时间无意识地凝视某人或某事物glare怒视，带有敌对或威胁的态度stare盯着看，含有无礼或粗俗的意味。【练习】选择glance/gaze/glare或stare，并用其适当的形式填空1)Theystoodatthetopofthehill,_______atthesplendidsunset.2)Themanager______atthedocumentandsigneddownhisname.3)Thedog_____atthestrangerandbarked.4)Don’t_______,it’srude!Keys:1)gazing2)glanced3)glared4)stareIII词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）v.同意disagreev.不同意agreement/disagreementn.同意/不同意2.existv.存在existencen.存在v.陈述，说明statementn.声明，阐述4.environmentn.环境environmentaladj.周围的，环境的environmentalistn.环境保护主义者【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空1)The________pointedoutthatthechangeof________willcausecertaingreat________disaster.(environment)2)Itwas______thatthenew-electedpresidentofmadea________announcingnewpoliciestoreducetheconsequenceofeconomycrisis.(state)3)ThoughthetwoPartyusually_______witheachother,theyhavereachedan________onthelevelsofgreenhousegasestheywillallow.(agree)4)Inthesurvey,peoplefounditfunnythatmanyofthelongest-lastingmarriagesin______arethosebetweenpeoplewho________infrequentquarrel.(exist)keys:1)environmentalist;environment;environmental2)stated;statement3)disagree;agreement4)existence;existIV重点词汇（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1.phenomenonn.現象;奇迹，罕见的人才或事物phenomena(pl.)[典例]1)Rainandsnowarephenomenaoftheweather.雨雪是天气现象。2)Beethovenwasaphenomenonamongmusicians.贝多芬是音乐家中的天才。3)thephenomenaofnature自然现象4)asocialphenomenon社会现象[练习]汉译英1)月蚀是一种罕见的现象。________________________________________________________________________________________2)你能向我解释下这一奇怪的自然现象吗？________________________________________________________________________________________3)尽管中途退出了2008年奥运会，刘翔依然是跨栏项目的罕见的人才。________________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Aneclipseofthemoonisararephenomenon.2)Couldyouexplaintomethestrangenaturalphenomenon?3)Thoughquittinginthe2008BeijingOlympicGames,LiuXiangisstillaphenomenoninhurdleracing.tendvt.趋向,往往是；照管,护理[重点用法]tendencyn.趋向，倾向（常与to/towards连用）[典例]1)Mostofboystendtoenjoyplayingbasketball.大部分男孩都喜欢打篮球。2)Theolderwomentendtobelieveinstrangerseasily.老人更容易轻信陌生人。3)AteamofmedicalworkersweresenttotendthesurvivorsofwenchuanEarthquake.一组医护人员被派去照料汶川地震的幸存者。4)Nowadaysthereisagrowingtendencyforpeopletoshoponinternet.如今人们网上购物有增加的趋势[练习]汉译英1)处于压力下的人更容易发挥自己的全部潜能。_______________________________________________________________________________________2)当老板不在时请他照看一个商店_______________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Peopleunderstresstendtodeveloptheirfullrangeofpotential.2)Hewasrequiredtotendastoreintheowner'sabsence.3.statevt.声明,陈述n.状况，情况；国家[重点用法]state+名词/that从句/wh-从句statementn.声明,陈述[典例]1)Sheisinaterriblestatetoday.她今天心情不好。2)theheadofstate国家首脑3)Hehaspubliclystatedhissupportforthepolicy.他已公开声明他会支持那项政策。[练习]汉译英1)合同清楚地叙述了那项工作应在何时完成。_______________________________________________________________________________________2)我听见那位官员说不接纳儿童。_______________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Thecontractstatedwhentheworkshouldbefinished.2)Iheardtheofficialstatethattheywouldnotacceptchildren.4.rangen.行列,范围；vt.排列,归类于[重点用法]beyondtherangeof…超越……的范围outofone’srange某人达不到的rangeoneself站在……的方面rangefrom…to…/between…and…从……到……不等[练习]根据汉语提示，补全英语句子。1)Theshopkeeps____________________(商品品种多).2)_____________(年龄范围)isfromsixtotwelveyearsold.3)Thetemperature__________________________(在15度到35度之间).4)Weshould_______________(列身于;站在……的方面)onthesideoflawandorder.Keys:1)awiderangeofgoods2)Theagerange3)rangesfrom15to35degrees4)rangeourselves5．averageadj.平均的;一般的，普通的，中等的n.平均，平均数[典例]1)Hisaverageresultofthisthreesubjectsis96.他三科的平均成绩是96。2)Theaverageof4,8,and60is24。4、8和60的平均数是24。[重点用法]abovetheaverage高于平均水平belowtheaverage在一般水平以下ontheaverage平均,按平均数计算;一般地说[练习]汉译英1)他在我们班处于中等位置。_______________________________________________________________________________________2）这一地区农民的收入高于全省的平均水平。_______________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Heisanaveragestudentinourclass.2)Theincomeofthefarmersinthisareaisabovetheaverageoftheprovince.existencen.生存[典例]1)Anythinginexistenceisreasonable.所有的存在都是合理的。2)Inthemiddleage,noonedoubtedabouttheexistenceofGod中世纪时没人怀疑上帝的存在[重点用法]inexistence存在existv.存在[练习]汉译英1)富裕和贫穷同时存在于这个世界里。_______________________________________________________________________________________2）人们认为他是这个世界上最好心的人。_______________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Wealthandpovertyexistatthesametimeintheworld.2)Heisbelievedtobethekindestpersoninexistence.refreshv.(使)精神振作,(使)精力恢复,更新[典例]1)Whentired,youcanrefreshyourselfwithacupoftea困时喝杯茶提神2)Refreshstoragebatteryincaseofbeingoutofenergyhalfway.给蓄电池充电以免半路没电。3)Thehostrefreshedourteacups.主人又为我们斟茶。[练习]汉译英1)长时间工作后，一杯冰水使他精神振作。_______________________________________________________________________________________2)有时一件小东西也会唤起人们的记忆_______________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Acupoficywaterrefreshedhimafteralongtime’swork.2)Sometimes,asmallthingallcanrefreshyourmemoryV.词组comeabout发生【典例】1)Howdidthiscomeabout?这是怎么发生的?2)Idon'tknowhowitcameaboutbutI'vegotadentintherearofmycar.我不知道是怎么回事，但我的汽车后部有了一个凹痕。[短语归纳]comealong出现,发生；comeout出来,长出；cometo达到；cometooneself苏醒,醒悟；comeupwith赶上,提出【链接高考】It'salready10o'clock.Iwonderhowit____________thatshewastwohourslateonsuchashorttrip.A.cameoverB.cameoutC.cameaboutD.cameup答案与分析：C。考查动词come构成的短语。A为“过去”；B为“出来”；D为“出现，到来”；为“发生”。quantitiesof大量的[典例]1)Beforetheyenteranentranceexamination,theyhavetodoquantitiesofexercise.在参加入学考试前，他们得做大量的练习。2)Hedrinkslargequantitiesofwatereveryday.他每天都喝大量的水。[短语归纳]A(large)quantityof/quantitiesof+名词（可数/不可数）Amountof/amountsof+不可数名词注意：以上短语修饰名词充当主语时，由quantity/amount的单复数决定谓语的单复数。[练习]汉译英1)桌上摆满大量的食物。_______________________________________________________________________________________2)在这个地区仅提供少量的牛奶_______________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Largequantitiesoffoodwereonthetable.2)Onlyasmallquantityofmilkisofferedinthisarea.resultin导致【典例】1)Stressandtirednessoftenresultinalackofconcentration.紧张和疲劳常使人精神不集中。2)Actingbeforethinkingalwaysresultsinfailure.做事不先考虑总会导致失败.3)Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopeople.这场意外事故造成两人死亡。4)Excessivedosageofthisdrugcanresultininjurytotheliver.这种药使用过量会损害肝脏。[短语归纳]leadto作“导致”resultfrom由...产生；asresult因此;结果；asaresultof作为...的结果;由于...withoutresult无效地,毫无结果地；[练习]根据汉语提示，补全英语句子。（每空一词）1)结果他们拯救了这座森林里90％的树木。_______________,theysaved90%ofthetreesintheforest.2)我一直在想法打开箱子，但到现在这没有没打开。I'vebeentryingtoopenthebox,but__________sofar.3)此项工程的搁置已导致了6个人被解雇。Theshelvingoftheprojecthave__________sixredundancy.4)她勤奋苦读，终于进了中山大学。_______________ofherhardworkwasaplaceatZhongshanUniversity.Keys:1)Asaresult2)withoutresult3)resultedin4)Asaresultbeopposedto反对【典例】1)AllthestatesinUNwereopposedtothewarlaunchedbyIsrael.所有的联合国成员国都反对以色列发起的这场战争。2)ManyresidentsinGuangzhouareopposedtotheplanoftearingdowntheoldbuildings.广州许多居民反对拆毁旧房子的计划。[短语归纳]表示反对：disagreewith;objectto;beagainst表示赞成：agreewith;beinfavourof;befor[练习]汉译英1)热爱和平的人们都反对核反应。_______________________________________________________________________________________2)我们赞成她升为总裁_______________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Peoplelovingpeaceareopposedtonuclearweapon.2)Weareinfavorofherpromotiontopresident.onbehalfof代表……一方【典例】1)Myhusbandcouldnotbeheretonight,butlwanttothankyouonhisbehalf.我丈夫今晚因故不能前来,我代表他向你们致谢。2)Weattendedtheglobalconferenceonbehalfofourcountry.[练习]汉译英1)很荣幸在这儿代表我的学校演出。_______________________________________________________________________________________2)那个英雄的妻子代替她死去的丈夫接受了这枚勋章。_______________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)I’mgreatlyhonoredtoputonperformancehereonbehalfofmyschool.2)Thehero’swifeacceptedthemedalonbehalfofherdeadhusband.6．putupwith忍受；容忍【典例】1)I'mnotgoingtoputupwiththis!我再也受不了啦！2)Wehavetoputupwithherbadtemper.我们只得忍受她的坏脾气。3)Noiseiscomingtothepointwherewecan'tputupwithit.噪音快到我们无法忍受的地步。[短语归纳]putaside节省；putaway储存；putdown写下putoff延期；putout熄灭；putup举起；【链接高模】Tomwouldliketofindsomewheretoworkbecausehecannot_____theboss.A.comeupwithB.catchupwithC.keepupwithD.putupwith答案与分析：D。考查词组辨析。根据所给语境可知他无法“忍受”这个老板。A项表示“想出”[练习]汉译英1)在这种情况下，我们不得不忍受不便之处._______________________________________________________________________________________2)不允许拖延付清帐单_______________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)Inthatsituation,wehadtoputupwiththeinconvenience.2)Wearenotallowedtoputoffpayingthebills.7.solongas只要【典例】1)Aslongasyoudon'tbetrayme,I'lldowhateveryouaskmeto(do).只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。2)Aslongaslive,Iwillhelpyou.只要我活着，我都会帮助你。3)Aslongasyoudrivecarefully,youwillbeverysafe.如果你开车小心，你就会很安全。4)Idon'tmindaslongasitdoesn'train.只要不下雨就行了。[短语归纳]onconditionthat…在……的条件下[练习]汉译英1）如果我挣到足够的钱，我就出国。_______________________________________________________________________________________2）只要你能给我们合适的原因，我们就会帮助你。_______________________________________________________________________________________Keys:1)IwillgoabroadonconditionthatIearnenoughmoney.2)Wewillhelpyouonconditionthat/aslongasyoucanofferustheproperreason.VI重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）Somebyproductsofthisprocessarecalled“greenhouse”gases,themostimportantoneofwhichiscarbondioxide.这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫“温室”气体,其中最重要的就是二氧化碳.[解释]one/all/every/each/part…ofwhich(whom)引导的定语从句，表示“他（它）们中的一个/所有/每/部分……”[典例]1)Ihavethreegoodfriends,allofwhomhaveemigratedto我有三个好朋友，他们都移民美国了。2)Herearemanykitties,twoofwhichareyellow.这有许多小猫，其中两只是黄色的。[练习]汉译英我有三个叔叔,其中最年轻的叔叔三年前去了澳洲._______________________________________________________________________________________Key:Ihavethreeuncles,theyoungestoneofwhomwenttoAustraliathreeyearsago.二、课文要点1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：When1(compare)withmostnaturalchanges,thatthetemperatureoftheearthroseaboutonedegreeFahrenheitduringthe20thcenturyisquiteshocking.Andit’shumanactivity2hascausedthis3(全球的)warmingrather4arandombutnatural5（现象）.DrJaniceFosterexplainsthatweaddhuge6ofextracarbondioxidetotheatmospherebyburningfossilfuels.Fromthesecond7（图表）andthediscoveryofCharlesKeeling,allscientistsbelievethattheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelshasresulted8theincreaseincarbondioxide.Greenhousegasescontinuetobuildup.Somethinkthatthetrendwouldbea9(灾难).Ontheotherhand,GeorgeHambley10(声明)thatmorecarbondioxidewouldencourageagreaterrangeofanimalsandbringusabetterlife.答案：2课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。通过文章我们得知，地球的温度正在上升。它也给我们展示不同的想法和根据数据图表分析全球气候变暖的原因，地球的温度和增加可能造成的影响。Fromthepassageweknowthat_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Fromthepassageweknowthatthetemperatureoftheearthisrising.Italsoshowsusdifferentideasaboutglobalwarmingandanalyzesthecausesoftheearth’sincreasedtemperatureandthepossibleeffectsaccordingtothedatafromthegraphs.3课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）1.【原句】Thereisnodoubtthattheearthisbecomingwarmerandthatitishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.毫无疑问，地球是在变暖，而地球变暖正是人类活动导致而成，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。[模仿要点]句子结构：thereisnodoubtthat…andthat…句式+itis…that强调句【模仿1】毫无疑问，圣诞节的庆祝活动是一个很好的学习方式的西方文化;而且庆祝圣诞节，让我们的生活更有趣。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：ThereisnodoubtthatthecelebrationofChristmasisagoodwayoflearningthewesterncultureandthatitisthecelebrationofChristmasthatmakesourlifemoreinteresting.【模仿2】毫无疑问，太多的电脑游戏会对学生的健康有不良影响，而且玩电脑太多花费他们太多的时间导致花在学习上的时间太少。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：Thereisnodoubtthattoomanycomputergamescanhaveabadeffectonstudents’healthandthatitisplayingtoomuchcomputerthatcoststhemtoomuchtimeresultingintoolittletimeonstudy.2．【原句】Somebyproductsofthisprocessarecalled“greenhouse”gases,themostimportantoneofwhichiscarbondioxide.这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫做“温室”气体，其中最重要的是二氧化碳。[模仿要点]句子结构：主句,+themost+adj.of+which引导的定语从句【模仿1】一些可能的措施应采取以防止我们的地球越来越热，而其中最重要的措施之一是限制私家车的使用。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：Somepossibleactionsshouldbetakentokeepourearthfromgettingwarm,themostimportantoneofwhichistolimitstheuseofprivatecars.【模仿2】一些良好的学习方法应采取以改善你的学习，而其中最有效的方法之一是与你的同学讨论。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：Somegoodlearningmethodsshouldbeadoptedtoimproveyourstudy,themosteffectiveoneofwhichistodiscusswithyourclassmates.3.【原句】Theyalsoagreethatitistheburningofmoreandmorefossilfuelsthathasresultedinthisincreaseincarbondioxide.他们还赞同正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。[模仿要点]句子结构：宾语从句中的强调句【模仿1】文章表明是人类的活动对村庄造成的环境破坏。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：Thepassageindicatesthatitishuman’sactivitiesthathasresultedintheenvironmentaldestructiontothevillage.【模仿2】我们都同意的是年轻一代应该负起振兴国家的责任。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：Weallagreethatitistheyoungergenerationthatshouldtakeuptheresponsibilitytobuildupthecountry.三、单元自测1完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数：161完成时间：15分钟难度：***Wouldn'titbegreatifwedidn'thavetorememberpasswords(密码)everagain?Ifwecouldjustsitinfrontofourcomputersandbe21loggedin(登录)?CravementionshowNECSoftBiodeLogonsystemusesfacerecognitiontechnologytologyouontoWindows,ratherthanusinga22.Allyouneedisawebcamandyourprettyfaceto23yourPC.Nomore24,confusingpasswordstorememberorchangeeveryfewmonths.Afterdoingalittleresearch,Ifoundthistypeof25alreadyavailabletoconsumersviaarelatively26applicationcalledFaceCode.The27requirestheuseofawebcamtorecognizeandlogPCusersintotheirsystems.Youcanaddasmany28asyouwant,providedtheyeachhaveaWindowsaccount.Ifthesystem29torecognizeyour30,youcanrecalltheWindowsusernameandpasswordbyusingahot-keycombination.21.A.automatically B.personally C.correctly D.occasionally22.A.face B.password C.software D.system23.A.access B.connect C.recognize D.remember24.A.simple B.complicated C.special D.useful25.A.computer B.technology C.password D.application26.A.independent B.infrequent C.inexpensive D.instant27.A.account B.consumer C.designer D.software28.A.users B.passwords C.systems D.computers29.A.begins B.tries C.fails D.stops30.A.account B.name C.password D.face[答案解析]21．A根据上下文可知，此处意思为：如果我们只需坐在电脑前而无需输入密码就可以自动登录该多好。A自动地；B个人的；C正确的；D偶尔的，临时的。22．B由上文可知，因“用脸部识别技术来帮你登录”了，所以“不需要用密码”。23．A由上文可知此处所选词的意思相当于上文中的login(登录)，故选A，存取(信息)，访问。24．B由文章开头第—句话可知密码难记，同时根据本句中的并列词confusing(令人糊涂的，混乱的)可知答案为B(复杂的)。25．B根据上文中提到的．．．usesfacerecognitiontechnology．．．可知。26．C本句话的意思为通过使用一种叫做"FaceCode"的相对便宜的应用程序，用户就可以使用这种技术了。根据本句中availabletocustomers可以判断出此处强调的是价格。application在本句中为应用程序,应用软件的意思。27．D根据上下文可知，此处所选的词意思相当于上句话中的application，故选D，程序系统，软件。28．A根据下句话中的theyeachhaveaWindowsaccount可以判断出此处是指可以添加多个电脑用户。29．Cfailto，在此表示couldn’t的词义。30．D如果系统不能认出你的面孔，你还可以用热键组合来取回你的用户名和密码。2语法填空语法填空（共10小题，每小题分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。词数：209完成时间：8分钟难度：***DearSirBeingcompletelydeafmyself,Ireadyourreportofthepoorconditionsofthedeafandmute(哑)whoweregatheringinNewYork31(beg).Isupposedthat32couldnothappenhereinAustralia.33,twoyearslater,IwashavingdinnerinarestaurantinSydney34apersonenteredandstartedhandingoutplasticjewellery(首饰)andanotetopeopleateachtable.Themainideaofthenotewas,"Iamunabletospeakand35(hear)inaworldofvoicesandmusic.36youkindlybuythesethings?"Whenhecametomytable,Iquestionedhim37signlanguage.Hewasalittlesurprised.Thenhesaidinalowvoice"don'ttalk"(whichIcouldreadfromhislipmovement)andmovedaway.Pleasedonot38(take)inbythosepeople.Pleasedonotgivethemanymoney.Theyare39deafnorrepresentative(代表)ofthedeaf.Theymakeuseofpeople'spity,and40theyaredoingwilldoharmtoallthathasbeenachievedbythedeafinthelast20years-includingputtingthispracticetoanend.Trulyyours,JohnWilliams答案：31．begging32．it33．However34．when35．hear36．Would37．in38．betaken39．neither40．what31．begging，现在分词作伴随状语。32．it,代词，代替前文提到的聋哑人聚在一起乞讨这回事。33．However，表转折，“然而，可是”。34．when，考查bedoingsthwhen．．．／beabouttodosth．when…．的结构，表“正在／即将去做……突然／就在那时……”。35．hear，and连接两个动词不定式tospeak和(to)hear。36．Would，Wouldyouplease／kindlydosth?表客气婉转的请求。37．in，介词，insighlanguage"用手势语”，表方式：38．betaken，由该句中的by可知，此处考查动词的被动语态。39．neither,neither…nor…是固定结构，表“既不……也不……；两者都不……”40．what，考查由what引导的主语从句。3阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数：343完成时间：6分钟难度：**Thesedays,it'seasytoflyacrossoceansforvacation.Centuriesago,however,crossingtheopenseasrequiredthoroughandaccurateplanning,handmadeboats,andcourage.Scientistsandhistorianshavelongbeenlookingforcluestoexplainwhocrossedwhichoceansfirst.WhenitcomestothetripbetweenPolynesia(玻利尼西亚中太平洋群岛)andSouthAmerica,chickensmayhavebeenamongthefirstoceanvoyagers,accordingtonewevidence.Afterstudyinganancientchickenbone,anthropologists(人类学家)fromtheUniversityofAucklandinNewZealandnowsaythatpeopleandchickenstraveledfromPolynesiatowhatisnowChile(智利)byabout620yearsago.Bythen,theIncapeoplewerealreadylivinginSouthAmerica,butthePolynesianswouldhavebeenthefirsttogettherebysea.PrevioustheoriesclaimedthatEuropeanexplorersandtheirchickenssailedtoSouthAmericafirst--butthosevoyagersdidn'tarriveuntilaboutacenturylater.In2002,archaeologistsdugup50chickenbonesfromasiteinChilecalledElArenal.TheteamfromNewZealandanalyzedonetothesebones.Accordingtotheircalculations,theboneisabout650yearsold.Theresearchersalsocomparedthegeneticmaterial,orDNA,fromtheSouthAmericanchickenbonewithDNAfrom11chickenbonesthathadbeenfoundonthePolynesianislandsofTongaandAmericanSamoa.Theseislandsare6,000mileswestofChile.ThebonesfoundonthePolynesianislandsarebeen600and2,000yearsold.ResultsofthecomparisonsshowedthatthechickenbonesfromboththePolynesianandSouthAmericansiteshadpartofDNAincommon.TheresearchersfoundthesamepartofDNAinfeathersoftwolivingchickensinChilethatbelongtoamodembreedthatlaysblueeggs.ThatDNAevidencesuggestsacloserelationshipamongthechickens."However,theweightofscientificevidenceisnowbehindthehypothesis(假设)thatitwasseafaring(航海)PolynesianswhosailedfromtheislandstoSouthAmericaandreturned,"saysarchaeologistPatrickV.KirchoftheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.41.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.ItwasdifficultforancientpeopletotravelbetweenPolynesiaandSouthAmerica.B.ThefirstpeoplewholivedinChileandPolynesia.C.ValuablechickenboneshavebeenfoundinChile.D.Chickens--thefirsttotravelbetweenPolynesiaandSouthAmerica.42.WhendidthefirstEuropeanexplorersreachSouthAmerica?A.About620yearsago. B.Aboutyearsago.C.About600yearsago. D.About520yearsago.43.PeoplefoundthatchickenswereamongthefirsttotravelfromPolynesiatoSouthAmericaby___________.A.comparingthecolorsofeggslaidbychickensfromthetwoplacesB.comparingtheDNAofchickenbonesduguponthePolynesianislandsandthatofthechickenbonesfromSouthAmericaC.studyingsomeprevioustheoriesD.askingthenativesofSouthAmerica44.Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?A.EuropeanexplorersandtheirchickenswerethefirsttosailtoSouthAmerica.B.ChickensinSouthAmericahavethesameancestorsasthoseinPolynesia.C.Inancienttimes,a6,000-milechannelseparatedPolynesiafromSouthAmerica.D.BeforethePolynesiansarrivedinSouthAmerica,theIncapeoplehadlivedthere.'45.Whywasitdifficultforpeopletotravelacrosstheoceansinancienttimes,accordingtothepassage?1)Itwasdifficulttotakemanychickensasfood.2)Peoplehaddifficultymakingcarefulanddetailedsailingplans.3)Peoplelackedmapsandtheknowledgeofweatherforecasting.4)Peoplehadtomakeboatsbyhand.5)Ittookgreatdeterminationtocrossanocean.A.1)4)5)B.2)3)4)C.2)4)5)D.1)2)3)答案：现在飞越海洋是一件轻而易举的事情，然而几个世纪以前渡过海洋需要周密的计划、人造船只和勇气。是谁最先渡过了哪个海洋一直是科学家和历史学家研究的话题，最近研究结果发现鸡可能也是最早渡过玻利尼西亚和南美之间的海洋的。41.D。 主旨大意题。本文在第一段点题，根据第一段第四句“WhenitcomestothetripbetweenPolynesiaandSouthAmerica,chickensmayhavebeenamongthefirstoceanvoyagers,accordingtonewevidence.”并根据后面科学家对在玻利尼西亚群岛和南美洲挖出的鸡骨进行DNA鉴定等，可知D选项正确。42.D。 事实细节题。由文章第二段可知第一批从Polynesia到Chile的人是在大约620年前，而根据第二段最后一句可知，第一批欧洲人晚了大约一个世纪，因此他们是约在520年前到的南美洲的。43.B。 事实细节题。由文章倒数第三段“Theresearchersalsocomparedthegeneticmaterial,orDNA,fromtheSouthAmericanchickenbonewithDNAfrom11chickenbonesthathadbeenfoundonthePolynesianislandsofTongaandAmericanSamoa.”和倒数第二段可知科学家是通过对两地挖出的鸡骨进行DNA鉴定发现这个结果的。44.D。 事实细节题。由第二段第二句“Bythen,theIncapeoplewerealreadylivinginSouthAmerica...”可知theIncapeople在玻利尼西亚人到达南美洲之前，已经在那里居住了。45.C。 事实细节题。由第一段“Centuriesago,however,crossingtheopenseasrequiredthoroughandaccurateplanning,handmadeboats,andcourage.”可知，跨海之旅要有计划、有船，而且还需要勇气，所以答案选择C。4.读写任务阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文：Ilikewatergymnasticsbestformanyreasons.Firstofall,Iamagoodswimmer.Therefore,IaminterestedinallkindsofOlympicswimmingsports.Especially,Iamfondofwatergymnasticsfortwomajorreasons－theamazingmovementsandthosesexyandthoseverybeautifulwomenswimmers.Mostimportantly,Ilikethegreatmusicandtheiramazingperformanceinwaterballet.WhenIwatchthisOlympicsport,Icanlearntheirprofessionaltechniquesinswimming.Forexample,swimmers'performanceisevaluatedbasedonaseriesofpredeterminedelements.Armsectionsandfigures,similartothoseoffigureskating,arealsorequired,andallelementsmustbepresentedinaspecificorder.Becausesynchronized(同步的)swimmingroutinesrequireexceptionalbreathcontrol,judgesalsotakeintoconsiderationtheabilityoftheswimmerstopreservetheillusion(n.幻想)ofeffortlessnesswhileholdingtheirbreathforuptotwominutes.[写作内容]1．以约30个词概括短文的要点。2．然后以120个词写一篇英语短文谈谈你喜欢的体育运动项目，并包括如下要点：1)你喜欢哪一种体育运动项目。2)说明你的理由。3)该体育运动项目对你的日常生活造成的某些影响和感想。[写作要求]1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容．但不得直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定。2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。[评分标准]概括准确。语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。[写作辅导]1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：羽毛球badminton，排球volleyball，足球football，体操gymnastics，网球tennis，跳高highjumping，射击／射箭5hooung，游泳swimming，棒球baseball，最喜欢的favourite，表演performance，对……影响haveaneffectonsth/sb.2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点：Ilikewatergymnasticsbestformanyreasons./Especially,Iamfondofwatergymnasticsfortwomajorreasons-theamazingmovementsandthosesexyandthoseverybeautifulwomenswimmers./Forexample,swimmers'performanceisevaluatedbasedonaseriesofpredeterminedelements.3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子：文章中描述的是你喜欢哪一种体育运动项目和理由、感想等等，都属于评论性文字和结论性的观点，故多用一般现在时或一般将来时态：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________