2023学年完整版Unit1Friendship同步练习

Unit1Friendship同步练习语法讲解I.定语从句在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句（AttributiveClauses）。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句由关系代词和关系副词引出。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which关系副词有：when,where,why（1）关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。①who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）②whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）。例如：Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Pleasepassmethebookwhose(ofwhich)thecoverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。③which,that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语）Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which/that在句中作宾语)（2）关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。①when,where,why关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which”结构交替使用。例如：Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？注意：先行词表示地点或时间时，有时用where或when，有时用that(which)引导定语从句，这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。如果是及物的就用that(which)，否则用where或when。例如：Thisisthehousewherehelivedlastyear.这是他去年住过的房子。Thisisthehousethat(which)hevisitedlastyear.这是去年他参观过的房子。IthoughtofthehappydayswhenIstayedinBeijing.我想起了我在北京呆过的快乐日子。Ihaveneverforgottenthedaywhichwespenttogether.我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。②that代替关系副词that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和“介词+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如：Hisfatherdiedtheyear(that/when/inwhich)hewasborn.他父亲在他出生那年去世了。Heisunlikelytofindtheplace(that/where/inwhich)helivedfortyyearsago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)hetalkedtohismother.我不喜欢他同他母亲说话的方式。（3）限制性和非限制性定语从句①定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）②当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverytouching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。③非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。（4）介词+关系词①介词后面的关系词不能省略。②that前不能有介词。③某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如：ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.这是我两年前住过的房子。Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?你是否记得我们加入俱乐部的那一天？（5）as引导的限定性定语从句：①as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语、表语或状语，构成thesame…as,such…as等结构。例如：Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.(as作宾语)我和你一样，喜欢同一本书。Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.（as作状语）我会用和你同样的方式去做的。Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.(as作宾语)我想和他一样有一本这样的字典。②as引导非限定性定语从句。as在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前。例如：Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.（as代表整个句子，作宾语）他学习非常用功，正如我们大家都知道的。Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.（as代表整个句子，作主语）众所周知，他是我们班最好的学生。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有asissaidabove,asisalreadymentionedabove,asisknowntoall,asitis,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper等。（6）as,which非限定性定语从句由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。as一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.正如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous.太阳加热地球，这对我们非常重要。典型例题：a)Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,______cameasasurprise.A.itB.thatC.whichD.he解析：答案C。此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which，it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。b)Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it解析：答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。that不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。c)Itrainedhardyesterday,______preventedmefromgoingtothepark.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it解析：答案B。as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：ⅰ.as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。ⅱ.as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。（7）必须用that而不用which引导定语从句的情况：①先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。例如：Allthatwehavetodoistopracticeeveryday.我们必须做的全部是每天练习。②先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。例如：ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.我学的第一门课永远难忘。ThisisthebestfilmI’veeverseen.这是我曾经看过的最好的电影。③先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。例如：Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.我读完了你给我的所有书籍。④先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时，例如：Heistheonlypersonthat/(who)Iwanttotalkto.他是我唯一想交谈的人。⑤先行词既有人又有物时，例如：Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.他们谈起所记得的人和事。⑥当句中已有who时，为避免重复。例如：WhoisthemanthatistalkingtoJohn?和约翰谈话的那个人是谁？⑦用作关系代词，修饰表示时间的名词如day,time,moment等，代替when。例如：Ithappenedonthedaythat/whenIwasborn.那件事是在我出生的时候发生的。⑧如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系词已用，则另一个用that。例如：Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.爱迪生建立了一家生产从未被人见过的东西的工厂。【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）一、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。AToomanypeoplewantotherstobetheirfriends,buttheydon'tgivefriendship（友谊）back.Thatiswhysomefriendshipsdon'tlastverylong.Tohaveafriend,youmustlearntotreatyourfriendthewayyouwantyourfriendtotreatyou.Learningtobeagoodfriendmeanslearningthreerules:behonest;begenerous（宽宏大量的）;beunderstanding.Honestyiswhereagoodfriendshipstarts.Friendsmustbeabletotrustoneanother.Ifyoudon'ttellthetruth,peopleusuallyfindout.Ifafriendfindsoutthatyouhaven'tbeenhonest,youmayloseyourfriend'strust.Goodfriendsalwayscountononeanothertospeakandacthonestly.Generosity（大度）meanssharingandsharingmakesafriendshipgrow.Youdon'thavetogiveyourlunchmoneyoryourclothes,ofcourse.Insteadyouhavetolearnhowtosharethingsyouenjoy,likeyourhobbies（嗜好）andyourinterests.Naturallyyouwillwanttoshareyourideasandfeelings.Thesecanbeveryvaluabletoafriend.Theytellyourfriendwhatisimportanttoyou.Bysharingthemyouhelpyourfriendknowyoubetter.Soonerorlatereveryoneneedsunderstandingandhelpwithaproblem.Somethingmaygowrongatschool.Talkingabouttheproblemcanmakeiteasiertosolve（解决）.Turningtoafriendcanbeafirststepinsolvingtheproblem.Sotobeafriendyoumustlistenandunderstand.Youmusttrytoputyourselfinyourfriend'splacesoyoucanunderstandtheproblembetter.Notwofriendshipsareeverexactlyalike（相同）.Butalltruefriendshipshavethreethingsincommon.Ifyouplantokeepyourfriends,youmustpractisehonesty,generosityandunderstanding.1.Somefriendshipsdon'tlastverylongbecause______.A.therearetoomanypeoplewhowanttomakefriendsB.theydon'tknowfriendshipissomethingseriousC.thosewhogiveothersfriendshipsreceivefriendshipsfromothersD.thosewhonevergiveothersfriendshipsreceivenofriendshipfromothers2.Accordingtothepassagehonestyis______.A.asimportantasmoneyB.moreimportantthananythingelseC.somethingcountableD.thebaseofafriendship3.Whichofthefollowingisn'tmentionedinthepassage?A.Afriendwhogivesyouhislunchmoneyisatruefriend.B.Alwaystellyourfriendthetruth.C.Discussingyourproblemswithyourfriendoftenhelpstosolvetheproblem.D.Sharingyourmindwithyourfriendisofgreatvalue.4.Thebesttitleofthispassageis______.A.AFriendinNeedIsaFriendIndeedB.HonestyIstheBestHabitC.HowtoBeaFriendD.ThreeImportantPointsinlifeBInthepast,whenpeoplehadproblems,theywenttotheirfamiliesorfriendstogetadvice.Todayitispossibletogetadvicefromradioshows,TVprogramsandtelephonehotlines,too.Ahotlineisatelephonelinethatoffersadirectwayofgettingintouchwithadvisers.Mosthotlinesarecompletelyanonymous-callersdonothavetosaytheirnamesortelephonenumbers.Mosthotlinesareusuallyfree,too.Callersdonothavetopayfortheadviceorthephonecalls-evenifthecallsarelongdistance（距离）.Atsomehotlines,theadvisersarevolunteers（志愿者）.Otherhotlinespaytheiradvisersfortheirwork.Usuallytheadvisersarefull-jobpeoplewithyearsofeducationandexperience,butsometimes,theadvisershaveonlytakenashortclassbeforestartingtoworkonthehotline.Alltheadviserslistentopeopleandhelpthemsolve（解决）theirproblems.5.Ahotlineisatelephoneline_______.A.thatisn’thotB.throughwhichpeoplegetadviceC.whosenumbernooneknowsD.throughwhichcallerstakeashortclass6.Whenpeoplecallthehotlineadvisers,they_______.A.oftengivetheirnamesandtelephonenumbersB.generallyhavetopayforthelongdistancecallsC.usuallypaynothingformostofthecallsandadviceD.alwaystrytogetintouchwiththevolunteeradvisers7.Theadvisersworkingathotlines______.A.arenotallpaidB.areallvolunteersC.allhaveyearsofeducationandexperienceD.haveallbeentrainedforashorttime8.Thewriterofthearticleseemstothinkthat_______.A.withhotlinespeoplewon'tgetadvicefromtheirfamiliesorfriendsB.hotlineshelpthecallersalotC.peoplehad,betterpayfortheadviceandphonecallsD.thehotlineadviserswillsolveallofthecallers'problemsCBettyandHaroldhavebeenmarriedforyears.Butonethingstillpuzzles（困扰）oldHarold.HowisitthathecanleaveBettyandherfriendJoansittingonthesofa,talking,goouttoaballgame,comebackthreeandahalfhourslater,andthey'restillsittingonthesofa?Talking?Whatintheworld,Haroldwonders,dotheyhavetotalkabout?Bettyshrugs,talk?We'refriends.Researchingthisresultcalledfriendship,psychologistLillianRubinspenttwoyearsinterviewingmorethantwohundredwomenandmen.Nomatterwhattheirage,theirjob,theirsex,theresultswerecompletelyclear:womenhavemorefriendshipsthanmen,andthedifferenceinthecontentandthequalityofthosefriendshipsis“markedandunmistakable”.Morethantwo-thirdsofthesinglemenRubininterviewedwouldnotnameabestfriend.Thosewhocouldwerelikelytonameawoman.Yetthree-quartersofthesinglewomenhadnoproblemnamingabestfriend,andalmostalwaysitwasawoman.Moremarriedmenthanwomennamedtheirwife/husbandasabestfriend,mosttrustedperson,ortheonetheywouldturntointimeofemotionaldistress（感情危机）“Mostwomen,”saysRubin,“identified（认定）atleastone,usuallymore,trustedfriendstowhomtheycouldturninatroublemoment,andtheyspokeopenlyabouttheimportanceoftheserelationshipsintheirlives.”“Ingeneral,”writesRubininhernewbook,“women'sfriendshipswitheachotherrestonsharedemotionsandsupport,butmen'srelationshipsaremarkedbysharedactivities.”Forthemostpart,Rubinsays,interactions（交往）betweenmenareemotionallycontrolled-agoodfitwiththesocialrequirementsof“manlybehavior.”“Evenwhenamanissaidtobeabestfriend,”Rubinwrites,“thetwosharelittleabouttheirinnermostfeelings.Whereasawoman'sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage,itwasn'tunusualtohearamansayhedidn'tknowhisfriend'smarriagewasinserioustroubleuntilheappearedonenightaskingifhecouldsleeponasofa.”9.WhatoldHaroldcannotunderstandorexplainisthefactthat_______.A.heistreatedasanoutsiderratherthanahusbandB.womenhavesomuchtoshareC.womenshowlittleinterestinballgamesD.hefindshiswifedifficulttotalkto10.Rubin'sstudyshowsthatforemotionalsupportamarriedwomanismorelikelytoturnto______.A.amalefriendB.afemalefriendC.herparentsD.herhusband11.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythelastparagraph?A.Menkeeptheirinnermostfeelingstothemselves.B.Womenaremoreseriousthanmenaboutmarriage.C.Menoftentakesuddenactiontoendtheirmarriage.D.Womendependonothersinmakingdecisions.12.TheresearchdonebypsychologistRubincentersaround______.A.happyandsuccessfulmarriagesB.friendshipsofmenandwomenC.emotionalproblemsinmarriageD.interactionsbetweenmenandwomenDAclosefriendofmineliveswithsixhundredwildanimalsontheGreekIslandofKyklos.Eversinceheleftschool（whereIfirstknewhim）,hehastraveledallovertheworldcollectinganimalsforhisveryownzoo.HehopedtocollectatleasttwoexamplesofeverysortofanimalonhisislandbeforetheGreatFlood.Butthefloodthatmyfriendwasafraidof,wasafloodnotofwater,butofpeople.Iexpectyouhaveheardofmyfriend:hewritesbooksabouthistravels,andaboutthewildandwonderfulanimalsthathecollects.Themoneyfromthebookshelpstopayforallthefoodthattheseanimalseat.Myfriendtoldmethatwhenhewasoutlookingforwaterlastweek,（thereisnotenoughwateronisland,thoughthereisplentyallroundit,）hefoundoil.Heneedsmoneyforhistravels,andforhiszoo,andalittleoilwouldbuyenoughwaterforalife-time;butheknowsthatifhetellsanybodyelseaboutit,itwillbetheendofhiszoo,andhislife'swork.So,ifIknowmyfriend,hewillnottellanybody（butyouandme）aboutwhathefound—becauseoilandwaterdonotmix.13.Myfriendlives______.A.onanislandinthemiddleofgreatfloodB.attheschoolthatweusedtogoto,onKyklosC.onaGreekislandwithsixhundredanimalsD.allovertheworld;heisalwaystraveling14.Theflood,ofwhichmyfriendwasafraid,was______.A.afloodoftoomanypeopleB.agreatfloodofwaterC.afloodoftoomanyanimalsonhisislandD.afloodofoil15.Hepaysforthefoodtheanimalseatby______.A.collectingtwoexamplesofeveryanimalB.travelingallovertheworldC.writingandsellingbooksD.sellingtheoilonhisisland16.Ifhetellsanybodyabouttheoil,______.A.itwillbetheendofhislife'sworkB.hewillhaveasmanyanimalsasheneedsC.hewillnotwriteanymorebooksD.peoplewillnolongercomeandvisithiszooEWhattodoifyoudon'tfeelpopular?Trytotakepartinactivities.Callyourfriends.Plantodosomething.Theworstfeelingisstayinghomealone,becauseitmakesyoufeelevenmorelonely.Trytomakenewfriends.Choosefriendscarefully,notjustbecauseyouthinkthey'repopular.Andremember,makinggoodfriendstakestime.Choosingapopularpersontobefriendswithisokay.Iftheyarenice.Beyourself（保持独立）,ifyouwanttobecomefriendswithsomeonewho'spopular,don'tmakeyourselfintosomeoneyouarenotjusttoimpressthatperson.Benice.Befriendly.Beoutgoing（开朗的）.Butdon'toverdo（做过头）it!Talktotrustedfriendsifyouarefeelingreallybad.Oryoumightwanttowriteitdowninajournal（期刊）ordiary.Dosomethingspecialforyourself.Youcouldtakepicturesofyourfriends,orcollecttheirschoolpictures,andtakeacollage（拼贴画）tohangonyourwall.Thiswillremind（提醒）you,whenyouarefeelingunpopular,thatyoureallydohavefriends.Thinkupyourownideas.Thesesuggestionsmightnotworkforeveryone.Whattodoifyouhaveaproblemwithyourteacher?Talktoyourparents,oranotheradultwhowilllistentoyouandperhapscanhelp.Talktoyourfriends.Maybetheyhavehadproblemswiththesameteacher,too.Don'tgivetheteacherareasontohaveproblemswithyou.Doyourwork,completeyourtask,attendtheclassseriouslyandtakenotes.Maybeyoujustneedtogivetheteacherachance（机会）.Trytofindoutwhattheproblemis.Talktotheteacherifyoufeelcomfortabledoingthis.Don'tbenasty（闹别扭的）,butexpressyourconcerns（关心）.Listentotheteacher,aswell.Justacceptthefactthatyou'renotgoingtoloveallyourteachers.17.Whatdowemeanbysaying“notfeelingpopular”?A.Notlikedbyourclassmatesorworkmates.B.Notdoingwhatwewant.C.Notshowinganyinterestinanything.D.Notsohappy.18.Accordingtothewriter,ifweoverdowhathesaysinthearticle,we______.A.willmaketoomanyfriendstoeasilyB.willsometimespretendtobeanice,friendlypersonwhoisalsooutgoingC.willfeelreallytoobadD.willnotlistentoanyadvicefromothers19.Thewriter______.A.believesthatyourfriendwillhelpyououtifyoutaketheirpicturesB.suggeststhatyoudiscussthereasonofproblemwithyourteacherwhenyoufeeluncomfortableC.wantsyoutoknowthatstudentsusuallyhatesteachersD.isnottoosureifhisadvicewillcertainlyworkonyou20.What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.WhyWeHaveProblemsatSchool?B.AlwaysbeYourself.C.HowtoHandleProblemsatSchool?D.Don'tBeAfraidofProblemsWithothers.二、写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节：短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分）此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断。如无错误，在该行右边横线上划一个勾（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：原行没有错的不要改。IwillneverforgetthetimeIspentinBritish. 21.__________Atthefirstday,weallwenttoattendassembly. 22.__________Theheadmastertoldusthebestwaytoearn 23.__________respectwasworkhard.Thehomeworkwaslessthan 24.________whatIwasusedtogetinmyoldschool.Every dayIspentanhourreadEnglishbooks. 26.__________Ioftengotoourschoolcomputerclubtosend 27.__________e-mailstomyfriendsFree.Studentstherehave 28.__________tostudysomesubjects,andcandropsome. 29.__________Thoughthelifetherewasnoteasy,butI 30._________enjoyedit.第二节：书面表达（共25分）假如你是李华。国际中学生友谊俱乐部根据你的请求，把一名美国中学生汤姆介绍给你，希望你们成为笔友。现在由你给汤姆写信，信的内容要点如下：1.个人情况：年龄：16岁，济钢高中高一学生。2.业务爱好：读书；踢足球，上网已经两年。3.希望了解：美国中学生的校内校外生活；他们最喜欢和最不喜欢的事；家长如何看待孩子的学习成绩。4.希望对方回信，或发电子邮件。你的邮箱地址：Lihua@注意：（1）词数100左右。（2）信的开头已经给出。DearTom,IwasveryhappytoreceiveyourletterandI'dverymuchliketobeyourpenpal….【试题答案】阅读理解1.解析：句意理解题。文中第一段第一句可作提示。答案：D2.解析：综合推断题。文中说友谊从诚实起，朋友间应相互信任。答案：D3.解析：采取这个排除法筛选出答案A。答案：A4.解析：主旨概括题。因为整篇文章都是讲关于朋友、友情，所以答案C符合要求。答案：C5.解析：理解“hotline”时不能单凭字义，英语中有许多词，像“greenhouse”发生了转义，不指“绿房子”，而意为“温室”。“hotline”就像我们常说的“热线电话”，是专门为人排忧解难、提供建议的。答案：B6.解析：文章“anonymous”一词对同学们来说可能陌生，但看了破折号后的解释应明白意为“匿名的，不留名的”。所以A项不对。热线电话是一种服务性组织，因此通常是不计费的。答案：C7.解析：文中有“some…others”结构，表明并非所有的咨询员都是志愿者，C、D两项都是一方面的，不可以偏概全，故选A项。答