2023学年完整版Unit2Cloning同步练习8

Unit2Cloning同步练习1．undertake(vt.)着手；从事；承担2．cast(vt.)扔；投；掷3．obtain(vt.)获得；赢得4．attain(vt.)获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等)5．forbid(vt.)禁止；不准6．owe(vt.)欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……7．retire(vi.)退休；离开8．bother(vt.)打扰(vi.)操心(n.)烦扰9．strike(vi.&vt.)打；撞击；罢工(n.)罢工10．vain(adj.)虚荣的；自负的；徒劳的11．merely(adv.)仅；只；不过12．adore(vt.)崇拜；爱慕；喜爱13．differ(vi.)不同；相异→different(adj.)不同的→difference(n.)不同；差异14．object(vi.)反对；不赞成→objection(n.)不赞成；反对；异议→objective(adj.)真实的；客观的；无偏见的15．medium(n.)媒介；手段；工具→media(pl.)16．resist(vt.)抵抗；对抗→resistance(n.)抵抗；对抗→resistant(adj.)有抵抗力的；抵制的1．pay_off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2．cast_down沮丧；不愉快3．in_favour_of赞成；支持4．(be)_bound_to_(do)．..一定或注定(做)……5．o_one’s_heart使……刻骨铭心6．from_time_to_time不时；偶尔7．bring_back_to_life使复生；使复活8．in_vain白费力气；枉费心机9．in_good/poor_condition状况很好(坏)；情况很好(坏)10．have_a_great_impact_on对……有很大影响1．Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasveryencouraging.看来多莉是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。名师指津：that引导同位语从句。例句仿写：这些年来地球逐渐变暖的事实，使科学家们非常担心。Thefacthasworriedmanyscientiststhat_the_earth_is_becomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears.2．ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。名师指津：then位于句首，句子用全部倒装语序。例句仿写：山顶上有一座300多年历史的古老城堡。Onthetopofthemountainstands_an_old_castlewhichhasahistoryofmorethanthreehundredyears.3．Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie，butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。名师指津：Theadvantageisthat...其优点是……，that引导表语从句。例句仿写：其优点是如果你能讲流利的英语，你更有可能找到好工作。The_advantage_is_thatifyoucanspeakEnglishfluently，youaremorelikelytofindagoodjob.4．However，scientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelporharmusandwhereitisleadingus.科学家一直致力于研究克隆到底会有助于我们还是会伤害我们，它们将我们引向何方。名师指津：whether...or无论……还是……例句仿写：经济危机是否会很快结束，短时间内不会明朗。Itisnotimmediatelyclearwhetherthefinancialcrisiswill_soon_be_over.undertake(undertook；undertaken)vt.着手；从事；承担(牛津P2197)Thecompanyhasannouncedthatitwillundertakeafullinvestigationintotheaccident.公司已经宣布将对这次事故进行全面调查。undertakeatask承担任务undertaketodosth.同意、答应或着手做某事undertakethat­clause保证……①Universityprofessorsbothteachandundertakeresearch.大学教授既要教学又要从事研究工作。②Wearesupposedtoundertake_the_responsibilitytoleadalow­carbonlifestyle，whichisofgreatsignificance.我们应该承担过低碳生活的责任，这意义重大。③Icanundertakethatyouwillenjoythetrip.我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。objectvi.反对；不赞成；n.物体；目标(牛津P1372)Ifanybodyobjects，we’llpostponethemeetingtillnextweek.如果有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。(1)objectto反对……(2)raiseanobjectiontosth.对……提出异议have/makeanobjectionto(doing)sth.对(做)……表示反对①AsfarasI’mconcerned，Ireallyobject_to_being_charged_forparking.就我个人而言，我非常反对收停车费。②Aslongasitbenefitsthem，theyreallydon’tobjecttotheproject.只要对他们有利，他们并不真地反对这个项目。③(牛津P1372)Themainobjectiontotheplanwasthatitwouldcosttoomuch.反对这个计划的主要理由是费用过高。forbid(forbade/forbad，forbidden)vt.禁止，不准(2013·天津卷阅读理解)Pleasenotethatfoodandfruitareforbiddeninthelibrary，butyouareallowedtohavedrinksandsweetswithyou.请注意食物和水果禁止带进图书馆，但是你可以带饮料和糖果。(1)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forbiddosth.禁止某人做某事,forbiddoingsth.禁止做某事,forbidthat...禁止……从句中常用should＋,动词原形))(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forbid.禁止某人某事,forbiddoing禁止某人做……))(3)It’sforbiddentodosth.做某事是禁止的①Iwillforbidyoutoleaveunlessyouapologizeforwhatyouhavedone.如果你不为自己所做的事情道歉，我不允许你离开。②Hehasevenforbidden_me_from_meetingmyfriendsonlineattheInternetcafe！他甚至禁止我去网吧会见我的网友！③Thelawforbidssmokinginpublicbuildings.法律禁止在公共场所吸烟。owevt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……，应感谢教材原句P13：Youowetheladyanapology.你必须向这位女士道歉。(1)oweapology该向某人道歉owe.＝owesb.欠某人某物(2)owe...to...把……归功于……oweitto...多亏某人……(3)owingto因为，由于①Marywilltakecareofthebaby—sheowesmeafavor.玛丽会照看孩子的——她欠我一个人情。②Theseearlysettlersowned_their_survival_to_hard_workanddeterminationtosucceed.这些早期移民把他们的幸存归功于艰苦劳动和追求成功的决心。③Wasitowing_to_bad_weatherthattheyhadtochangethescheduleofleaving?当时是由于天气恶劣，他们才不得不改变离开的时间的吗？bothervt.打扰；vi.操心；n.烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人教材原句P14：However，theproblemthatshelaterdevelopedaseriouslungdiseasebotheredscientists.然而，之后她患上了严重的肺病的问题使科学家们困扰。(1)botheraboutsth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人bothertodo/doing操心做某事Itbotherstodosth.使某人苦恼的是……(2)putanybother给某人添乱whybother没有必要吧；何苦那么麻烦①What_bothers_me_mostisthatheseemstotakenointerestinhiswork.最使我伤脑筋的是，他似乎对自己的工作毫无兴趣。②Idon’twanttoputhimtoanybother，soItrydoingitbymyself.我不想给他添乱，所以，我试着靠自己做这件事。③—I’llgotothepostofficetomailthisparceltoAnn.——我要去邮局给安寄这个包裹。—Why_bother？I’llseeheratdinnerthisevening.——不必麻烦了吧？今晚吃饭我能见到她。Ⅰ.完成句子1．Theconductor______________________________________(禁止我们把手伸出窗外)whenthebuswasmoving.答案：forbadeustostickourhandsoutofthewindow2．I__________________________(应该向你道歉)havingbeensorudetoyoulastnight.答案：oweyouanapologyfor3．Whodoyouthinkistherightperson__________________________________(承担这项任务)?答案：toundertakethetask4．Thewell­knownscientistsalwayssaysthathe________________________(把所有成功归功于)thesupportofhisfamily.答案：owesallhissuccessto5．Thinkingtheyhavegrownup，theboys________________________(反对像孩子一样被对待)．答案：objecttobeingtreatedlikechildren6．Sincehe____________________________(从公司退休)，hehasdonevoluntaryworkforacharity.答案：retiredfromthecompanyⅡ.单项填空1．(2014·皖北协作区联考)—Wehavenoobjection________thenewprojectagain.—Ican’tagreemore.A．todiscuss B．todiscussingC．tohavingdiscussed D．tohavediscussed解析：考查非谓语动词。句意为：——我们不反对再一次讨论这个新计划。——我非常同意。havenoobjectionto(doing)sth.不反对(做)某事，to是介词，后面接名词或动词的­ing形式。且discuss这一动作尚未发生，故排除C项。答案：B2．(2014·石家庄质检)—HowdoAmericansliketobecalled?—Mostofthemdon’tobject________thembytheirfirstname.A．tocall B．forcallingC．tocalling D．thatIcall解析：考查动词短语。objecttodoingsth.反对做某事。答案：C3．(2014·安徽皖南联考)Why________togoabroadtostudy，whentherearesomanygooduniversitiesathome?A．imagine B．botherC．consider D．prevent解析：句意为：在国内有这么多好大学，为什么还要费力地去国外学习呢？bothertodosth.费力/麻烦做某事。imagine和consider后不能直接跟动词不定式；prevent意为“阻止”，不符合句意。答案：B4．Thestudentsareforbidden，unlesstheyhavespecialpasses，________after11pm.A．instayingout B．tostayoutC．stayingout D．stayout解析：forbiddosth.意为“禁止某人做某事”，为固定短语，此处为其被动结构。答案：B5．(2013·兰州质检)Heisasuccessfulbusinessman；he________hissuccessmoretoluckthantoability.A．attaches B．adaptsC．owes D．fastens解析：句意为：他是一个成功的商人，他把他的成功更多地归功于运气而不是能力。owe...to...把……归功于，符合句意。答案：C6．(2014·泰安高三质检)Howeverdifficulttheplanistocarryout，Idon’tbelievethey’regoingto________it.A．desert B．abandonC．undertake D．remain解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意为：不管那个计划执行起来多么困难，我认为他们将不会放弃它。desert遗弃，抛弃，离开(某地)；abandon放弃(计划等)；undertake承担，着手做；remain保留，依然。答案：Bpayoff得到好结果；取得成功；偿清(2012·安徽卷)Theathlete’syearsofhardtrainingpaidoffwhenshefinallywontheOlympicgoldmedal.当这个运动员最终获得奥运会金牌时，她多年的刻苦训练总算得到了回报。①Whatmadehimhappywasthatafteralltheseyearsheatlastpaid_off_all_his_debts.使他高兴的是几年之后他终于还清了所有的债务。辨析：payfor，payback与payoff(1)payfor表示“付……的钱，因……而受惩罚”。(2)payback偿还；报复(3)payoff意为“还清(债务)”“结算清薪水解雇”“成功”等。②Hehadtoworkpart­timesoastopayforhiseducation.他必须做兼职工作来支付学费。③ThatIcanpay_backthehelppeoplegivememakesmehappy.能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。infavourof支持；赞成教材原句P12：Isitinfavourofcloningoragainstit?它是赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？(1)insb.’sfavour对某人有利的outoffavour失宠的，不流行的(2)dofavour＝doafavourforsb.帮某人忙dofavourtodosth./dofavourbydoingsth.帮忙做某事(3)owefavour欠某人情①Mysisterwasagainstmysuggestionwhilemybrotherwasinfavourofit.我姐姐反对我的建议，然而我弟弟却赞成。②Theexchangerateisnotin__our_favouratthemoment.目前汇率对我们不利。③Do_me_a_favourandturntheradiodownwhileI’monthephone，willyou?劳驾，我打电话的时候把收音机的音量调小点好吗？ingood/poorcondition状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏(朗文P412)Thecarhasbeenwellmaintainedandisingoodcondition.这辆车一直保养得很好，车况极佳。outofcondition健康状况欠佳working/living/studyingconditions工作/生活/学习环境oncondition(that)．..在……条件下；倘若……onnocondition一点也不；决不(放在句首时，用部分倒装语序)①Onnoconditionshould_you_tellhimwhathappened.你决不应该告诉他发生了什么事。②Theyagreedtolendusthecaronconditionthatwereturneditbeforetheweekend.他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们必须在周末前归还。Ⅰ.选词填空becastdown；beboundto；oone’sheart；invain；onconditionthat；infavourof；payoff1．Iwouldconsiderstudyingabroad，____________________Igetascholarship.答案：onconditionthat2．Hisparentstriedtopersuadehimnottogiveuphiswell­paidjob，buttheireffortsare____________________.答案：invain3．We____________________meetwithdifficultiesincarryingoutthisresearch.答案：areboundto4．—LiFengwonthefirstprizeinthenationalEnglishcompetition.—Oh，really？I’mgladthathereffortsatlast____________________.答案：paidoff5．Ihavetoldheraboutourplan，andsheis________________________it.答案：infavourof6．He____________________becausehewasscolded.答案：wascastdown7．MountainTai________itsbeauty__________________andshedecidedtovisititagainthenextyear.答案：struck；intoherheartⅡ.单项填空1．(2014·黑龙江哈尔滨四校高三检测)LiuJianfu，aseniorresearcherwithGuangdongUniversityofForeignStudies，saidhewas________reducingthehomeworkburdenonstudents.A．inchargeof B．intermsofC．infavorof D．inhonorof解析：句意为：刘建福，广东外语外贸大学的一位高级研究员，说他赞成减少学生的家庭作业负担。根据句意可知，应选infavourof赞成，支持。inchargeof主管，负责；intermsof就……而言；inhonorof为了向……表示敬意。答案：C2．Thedoctoradvisedhertoeatmorebeanproducts________meatwhichmightbeharmfultoherheart.A．forlackof B．bymeansofC．inplaceof D．infavourof解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意为：医生建议她多吃豆类食品来代替可能对她的心脏有害的肉类。inplaceof代替，顶替，符合句意。forlackof缺乏，短缺；bymeansof借助……手段，依靠……方法；infavourof支持，赞同。答案：C3．Minettawasin________poorconditionlastweekinhospital；therefore，herparentswerein________favourofperforminganoperation.A．the；the B．/；theC．/；/ D．the；a解析：inpoorcondition为固定词组，意思是“状况很坏，情况很坏”；infavourof为固定词组，意思是“赞成，支持”。答案：C4．Iagreetohissuggestion________theconditionthathedropsallcharges.A．by B．inC．on D．to解析：句意为：我同意了他的建议，条件是他撤销所有的指控。本题考查介词搭配。ontheconditionthat固定搭配，意思是“条件是……”。答案：CThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.接着传来了令人烦恼的消息——多莉得了重病。(1)表示方位、时间或方式的副词或介词短语，如：here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，intheroom，onthewall等置于句首时，句子倒装。①Foramomentnothingallshoutingtogether.一会儿什么也没发生，接着传来一齐的喊声。②Hearingthedogbarkingfiercely，awayfled_the_thief.听到狗叫的厉害，小偷吓跑了。(2)本句中的news与thatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill是同位语关系。常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，order，problem，belief，fear等。③(2012·浙江卷)Imadeapromisetomyselfthatthisyear，myfirstyearinhighschool，wouldbedifferent.我向我自己下了保证，今年，我在高中的第一年，要有所不同。④(2014·长沙市南雅中学模拟)Itisreportedthatthereisstillpossibilitythatthebadweatherwillcontinue.据报道恶劣天气仍有可能继续。⑤Thequestionwhether_we_should_continue_to_dotheexperimenthasnotbeenansweredyet.我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydie，butotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.其优点是如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。Theadvantageisthat...“其优点是……”，that引导表语从句。①Theadvantageisthatsmilingcannotonlymakeushappy，butalsopleaseothers.其优势在于微笑不仅仅让我们高兴，还能取悦别人。Theadvantage/strengthof...isthat...……的优势是……Thedisadvantageof...isthat...……的不足是……Thedrawbackof...isthat...……的缺点是……Theproblemof...isthat...……的问题是……Thechanceisthat...有可能……②The_advantage_is_thatwehaveagoodcommandofEnglish.其优点是我们很好地掌握了英语。③The_chance_is_thatourteamwillfinishatthetop，asourremainingmatchesaren’ttoodifficult.由于我们队余下的比赛不太艰难，我们队在结束时有可能名列前茅。④Thedrawbackofthepopularityofcarsisthatitbringsaboutsomuchairpollution.汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。Ⅰ.完成句子1．骑自行车上学的优势是强身健体。____________________goingtoschoolbybike____________itcanbuildupyourstrength.答案：Theadvantageof；isthat2．母亲许诺，如果我通过高考，她将给我买一个手机。Mothermadeapromise______________________theCollegeEntranceExamination，shewouldbuymeamobilephone.答案：thatifIpassedⅡ.单项填空1．(2014·江西上饶市一模)Upwentprices，________.A．downcamethelivingstandardB．camedownthelivingstandardC．camethelivingstandarddownD．downthelivingstandardcame解析：考查倒装句。句意为：物价上涨，生活标准就会降低。表示地点、方向、时间等的副词位于句首且主语为名词时，句子要用完全倒装结构。本句的句子结构应与“upwentprices”相同。答案：A2．(2014·江西鹰潭市一模)—I’mreallydepressedaftersomanycan’tseeanyhope.—Cheerup！Behindeverymisfortune________！A．liesanopportunity B．doesanopportunitylieC．anopportunitylies D．isanopportunitylying解析：考查倒装句。句意为：经历了这么多失败，我真的非常沮丧。我看不到任何希望。振作起来！每次不幸之后都跟着成功的机会。当表示方位的副词位于句首时，句子需要用全部倒装形式。B和D两项是部分倒装结构；C项是陈述语序，可排除。答案：A3．(2014·南京一模)Scientistshavefoundevidencefromtheirresearch________painfulearlyexperiencescanmakethenervoussystemexperiencepainmorestronglyinthefuture.A．where B．whatC．that D．when解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子成分可知，空处引导同位语从句解释说明evidence的内容，且从句中不缺少成分，故用that引导。答案：C4．(2014·吉林一模)Thefact________thiscountryspendsmoreonitsmilitarythanoneducationandhealthcarecombinedisaseriousandworryingthought.A．where B．whichC．that D．why解析：考查同位语从句。句意为：这个国家在军队上的投入超过教育和健康投入的总和，这是一个很严重且令人担心的事实。that引导同位语从句，解释说明fact的具体内容。答案：Cdiffervi.不同；相异differfrom...＝bedifferentfrom...与……不同differin...在……方面不同Theexpectationsandpressuresonathletesdifferfromschooltoschoolandsporttosport.对于运动员的期待和压力，每个学校和体育项目都不尽相同。strikevi.&vt.打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时；划(火柴)；n.罢工Itstrikes...某人突然意识到bestruckby...被……打动；深受感动Thevisitorswerestruckbythebeautyofthetouristarea.游客被旅游区的美景迷住了。resistvt.抵抗；对抗；抗拒；抵制；忍住resist(doing)sth.抵制(干)某事can’t/couldn’tresistdoingsth./can’thelpdoingsth.忍不住干某事Lucyisoverweight，butshecan’tresistthetemptationtoeatmoredeliciousfoodwhendiningout.露西体重超重，但是吃饭时她抵制不住美味佳肴的诱惑。(be)boundto(do)．..一定或注定(做)……；有责任或义务(做)Facingsomanypeople，youareboundtohavedisagreements.面对这么多人，你一定会遇到不同意见。【写作素材】1．很多人反对克隆人，甚至有的国家禁止科学家对克隆人进行研究。2．他们很沮丧，因为克隆人在道德上不合理。3．然而，另外一些国家不同，他们支持医学克隆。4．事实上，很多国家都在进行着医学克隆，并取得了很大的突破。5．因此，我们不能抵制它。提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。【连句成篇】Manypeopleobjecttocloninghumans，andsomecountriesforbidscientiststodoresearchintohumanfeelcastdownbecauseitisnotmor