中考英语名词性从句讲解含练习

名词性从句主语从句主语从句的语序主语从句要求使用陈述句语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如：Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。连接词的选用（1）that和what的选用that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。如：Whathewantsisabook.他想要的是一本书。Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.众所周知，光线沿直线运行。（2）if和whether的选用引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。（3）其它连接代词和副词的选用根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who,which,when,where,why,how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：Whenweshallholdoursportsmeetisnotdecided.我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃。Whichcaryouwillchoosetobuymakesnodifference.你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别。（4）whatever/whoever的功用whatever,whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho。要注意和whatever,whoever弓|导的让步状语从句的区别。如：Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.（主语从句）（=Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.）Whoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.（让步状语从句（（=Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.）it构成的主语从句（1）由连词that引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。谓语是seem,appear,becertain,beapity,beawonder,beone'shope,belikely等词或短语时。Itiswell-knownthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：ItwasreportedthattheUSwasundertheterroristattack.（主语从句，有that,无逗号）Aswasreported,theUSwasundertheterroristattack.（定语从句，无that,有逗号）上两句意为“据报道，美国遭到恐怖分子的袭击”。用于Itissuggested/required/ordered/demandedthat...句型中，动词为表示命令、建议、要求等意义的词。主语从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用"should+动词原形",should可以省略。例如：Itissuggestedthatyou(should)spendmoretimeinstudyingEnglish.你应该花更多的时间学习英语。(2)常见用it作形式主语的复合句结构1.Itisafact(agoodidea/apity/ashame/nowonder/goodnews…)that…如：It'sapitythatyoumissedthefilm.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。2.Itisnecessary(clear/true/strange/important/wonderful/possible/likely，，)that•…需要注意的是，这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为(should)+动词原形”，即要用虚拟语气。如：Itisnecessarythatyou(should)masterthecomputer.你很有必要掌握电脑。ItisimportantthatastudentlearnEnglishwell.学生学好英语很重要。It'sclearthattheybadlyneedhelp.很明显，他们急需援助。Itislikelythatahurricanewillarrivesoon.飓风很可能马上就要到达了。3.Itisreported (well-known/hoped/thought/expected/said/believed/decided/suggested/ordered…)that…如：Itissaidthathewaskilledintheearthquake.据说他在地震中丧生了。4.Itseems(happened/appears/doesn'tmatter/makesnodifference/…)that…如：Itseemsthattheywillwinthegame.看起来他们好像会赢得这场比赛。Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot.他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。TheForeignMinistersaid,"ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace."A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.Itis句式用形式主语it引导的主语从句相当多，有些已形成固定的语法和译法。常见的有：Itissaidthat...据说 Itisreportedthat...据报导 Itiswellknownthat...众所周知 Itisannouncedthat...据宣布 Itisbelievedthat...人们相信 Itisthoughtthat...人们认为 Itisunderstoodthat...自不待言 Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须指出 Itmustbeadmittedthat...必须承认 否定转移1)将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。Idon'tthinkIknowyou.我想我并不认识你。Idon'tbelievehewillcome.我相信他不回来。注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。Ihopeyouweren'till.我想你没有生病吧。2)将seem,appear等后的从句的否定转移到前面。Itdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwhereto8。看来他们不知道往哪去。Itdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnydaytomorrow.看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。3)有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。Idon'trememberhavingeverseensuchaman.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语having…）It'snotaplacewhereanyonewouldexpecttoseestrangecharactersonthestreet.在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。（anyone作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。）4）有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。Theantisnotgatheringthisforitselfalone.（否定状语）蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。HewasnotreadytobelievesomethingjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.（否定because状语）他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何，就轻信此事。Shehadnotbeenmarriedmanyweekswhenthatman'syoungerbrothersawherandwasstruckbyherbeauty.（否定状语manyweeks）她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着了迷。.youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.whereB.whatC.thatD.howeavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词十表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。例如：Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.Thisiswhywecan'tgetthesupportofthepeople.Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：Theking'sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral..同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧踉在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff..同位语从句与定语从句的区别（1）定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。⑵定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2）ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语

从句，that在句中不作任何成分)宾语从句一.宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn,tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed..由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?Idon,tknowwhythetrainislate..由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.二.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn,teasy.Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?Pleasetellmewhenwe'llhavethemeeting.三.宾语从句的时态.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。如：Idon,tthink(that)youareright.Pleasetelluswhereheis.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)。例如：Heaskedwhattimeitwas.Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon..如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如：OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.【中考范例】MissGreendidn/ttellusin2002.A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelivedWouldyoupleasetellme?A.whendidhecomehomeC.ifhehadseenthefilmA.whendidhecomehomeC.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn/twatchthegameIdon,tknowwhen.A.willthetrainleaveB.thetrainwillleaveC.wouldthetrainleaveD.thetrainleave---Wedon,tknow.---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.A.whatheisB.ifheliveshereC.wherehecomesfromD.whichcountryishefrom宾语从句练习Doyouknowduringthecomingsummerholiday?A.whatwillTomdo B.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldo D.whatTomdidIwanttoknow.A.whatishisnameB.what,shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameisDoyouknowIcouldpasstheexam?A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.whichJimdoesn/tunderstand.whichisthewaytothemuseumwhyhiswifealwaysgoesshoppingwhatisthewaytothemuseumwhydoesshealwaysgoshopping---Couldyoutellmesheislookingfor?A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.whichMr.Kingdidn/tknowyesterdayevening.whendoeshissoncomehomewhenhissoncomeshomewhendidhissoncomehomewhenhissoncamehomeCouldyoutellmethebikethismorning?A.howdoeshemendB.howhemendsC.howhemendedD.howdidhemend---I,mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknowitwillarrive?---Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.what---Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme?---Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It/snexttoahospital.howwecangettothepostofficehowcanwegettothepostofficehowgettothepostofficehowcouldwegettothepostoffice---CanIhelpyou?---Yes.I,dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellmetaketogetthere?A.howsoonwillit B.howsoonitwillC.howlongitwill D.howlongwillitHewantedtoknow.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingwhenthemeetingwouldstartwhathe,sgoingtodoatthemeetingwherewouldthemeetingbeheld---CouldyoutellmetheBambooGarden?---Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.A.whenwillyouvisit B.whenyouwillvisitC.whenwouldyouvisit D.whenyouwouldvisitWouldyoupleasetellmenext,MrWang?A.whatshouldwedo B.weshoulddowhatC.whatweshoulddo D.shouldwedowhatYoucan,timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcitedIwanttoknowyouwillcomebackat8:00tomorrow.A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether---Couldyoutellme?---Sorry,Idon,tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingwhatdidhesayatthemeetingwhathesaysatthemeetingwhathesaidatthemeeting---Couldyoutellmelastnight?---Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoingC.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoingTheteacheraskedthestudents.iftheywereinterestedindinosaurswhenwasAlbertEinsteinbornwhattheywilldowiththecomputershowmanytreestheyhaveplantedEverymorningthepatientsareaskediftheirtemperaturetaken.A.theyhadhad B.havetheyhadC.theyhavehad D.hadtheyhadIt/suptoyoutodecideyou/llgothere,byairorbyroad.A.howB.whyC.thatD.when二.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子.李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。LiMingsaysinterestedinplayingcomputergames..我认为玛丽不回来了。Idon,tthinkMary..山姆给我说他准备去上海。SamtoldmethatheforShanghai..请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗？CouldyoutellmeIcangettotheBellTower?.父亲说他买了一台新电脑。Fathersaidthatheanewcomputer...我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。IwanttoknowthereisatraintoBeijing..你知道一个双人间多少钱吗？Doyouknowadoubleroom?.请你告诉我我们外出多长时间好吗？Couldyoutellmewe'regoingtobeaway?.叔叔说他正在写一本新小说。Unclesaidthatheanewnovel..杰克说他有重要事情要做。Jacksaidhesomethingimportanttodo.【练习答案】一.1.C2.D3.B4.B5.C6.D7.C8.C9.A10.C11.B12.B13.C14.B15.D16.D17.A18.A19.C20.A二1.heis2.willcome3.wasleaving4.how5.hadbought6.if(whether)7.howmuch8.howlongwaswriting10.had中考英语名词性从句习题精选.Hissuccesswasbecauseofhehadbeenworkinghard.A.thatB.thefactwhichC.thefactthatD.thefact."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity""Idon'tknow."fromwhatcitydoesshecomefromfromwhatcityshecomewhatcitydoesshecomefromwhatcityshecomesfrom.makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.WhateverThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwasanewjob.A.becauseIgotB.becauseofgettingC.IgotD.thatIgotItworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forHenrykilledthedog.I'llaskhimwhy.A.didhedothatB.hedidthatC.hedidD.hehasdonesoHaveyouseenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow.howheisgettingalonghowishegettingalongwhatheisgettingalongwhatishegettingalongItisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildheorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wheneverHeaskedmewithme.A.whatisthetroubleB.whatwrongwasC.whatwasthematterD.whattroubleitisIamsurehesaidistrue.A.thatB.aboutthatC.ofthatD.thatwhatWhenandwhyhecamehereyet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbeewonderhowmuch.A.doesthewatchcostB.didthewatchcostC.thewatchcostedD.thewatchcostsMaryissomeonemightrecognizeher.A.afraidofB.afraidaboutC.afraidthatD.afraidfor14.isnoreasonfordismissingher.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateOwingtoafewminuteslateThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateBeingafewminuteslateTheycametotheconclusionbyacomputer.thatnotallthingscanbedonebecauseofnotallthingsbedonebeingnotallthingscanbedonebecausenotallthingscanbedoneWhytheexplosionoccurredwasthelaboratoryattendanthadbeencareless.A.forB.becauseC.sinceD.thatIdon'tdoubthe'llcome.A.thatB.ifC.whatD.whether"Whydidyougotothewrongclass,Mr.Wang""Well,IforgetIwassupposedtogoto."A.whichtheroomB.whichroomC.whatwastheroomD.whatroomwasitOutputisnowsixtimesitwasbeforeliberation.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.ofwhichMary:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshe'snowbuyingabighouse.Carol:Yes.Becauseshe'salwayssaved.A.whatlittlesheearnsB.howlittlesheearnsC.forlittlesheearnsD.withlittlesheearns21.surprisedmemostwassuchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...whichWegavehimhelpwecould.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.thisSheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimandyouhavetoldhim.A.thatB.whichC.allwhatD.allthatExcusemewouldyoupleasetellmewhenthesportsmeetistakenplacewhenisthesportsmeetgoingtobeheldwhenisthesportsmeettobeginwhenthesportsmeetistotakeplaceDoyouhappentoknowwhatsizeshoeshewearshowbigshoeshewearswhatisthesizeofhisshoeswhatnumbershoesarehisThisbookwillshowyoucanbeusedinothercontexts.howyouhaveobservedhowwhatyouhaveobservedthatyouhaveobservedhowthatyouhaveobservedWheredoyouthinkA.hashegoneB.hashebeenC.he'sgoneD.washeDoyouknowhowmanypopulationsthereareintheworldhowmuchpopulationthereisintheworldhowmanythepopulationoftheworldiswhatthepopulationoftheworldisWouldyougoandseeoutsideA.whattotakeplaceB.whatTomhashappenedC.whatishappeningD.whatthematterhadbeenThesubjectof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."is.A.whatB.interestingC.WhatisinterestingD.IthinkheisCharles.WhodoyouthinkheisDoyouthinkwhoheisWhomdoyouthinkheisDoyouthinkwhoheisHedidn'tknowwhichroom.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheyliveinThelittleboyatehismothergavehim.A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.nomatterwhatThecityisnolonger.A.whatitisB.thatitusedtobeC.whichitwasD.whatitusedtobeMyparentsusedtheyhadtogetanewcarforme.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.allwhatwegoswimmingeverydayusalotofgood.A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...doeswastheideathewifethoughtofA.What...thatB.That...whatC.How...whyD.Why...howdidhetellhiswifehewishedtodoA.That...whatB.What...thatC.Where...whichD.Which...where39.Oneofthemenheldtheviewthebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhatC.thatwhichD.whichthat.Ihavenoideaornothehasfinishedthework.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which."Doyouknow""Hisfatherisadoctor."A.whatishisfatherB.whoishisfatherC.whathisfatherisD.whohisfatherisIsthiswemeteachothertwoyearsagoA.placeB.placeinwhichC.whereD.placewhichItBobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthatWeallknowthetruththereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.A.whereB.whereverC.thatD.thatwhereverTheydiscussedtheycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothers'help.A.ifB.thatC.whatD.whetherSheasked.whatIwasdoingwhensherangmeupwhatwasIdoingwhensherangmeupwhensherangmeupwhatIwasdoingwhendidsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing-MayIborrowthering-Youcantakeyoulike.A.nomatterwhatB.whichC.whicheverD.thatHesaidthathewasfondof.A.whatbeautifulisB.whatisbeautifulC.beautifuliswhatD.whatitisbeautifulHeinsistedthatheingoodhealthandtoworkthere.A.was,besentB.is,issentC.be,wassentD.be,sendDoyouknowheexpectswillgiveusatalkA.whoB.whomC.thatD.whoseIt'suncertaintheexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.howTheywouldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterdayitwasaholiday.A.exceptB.exceptforC.exceptthatD.butfor53.istodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.A.WhicheverishardB.NomatterwhatishardC.WhatishardD.Allwhatishard.theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which.Asthedaywasfine,Imadethesuggestionforawalkinthepark.A.wegoB.wewillgoC.shouldwegoD.thatwego.wecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what.youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.WhetherYoucan'timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited.we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Wherehereallymeansishedisagreeswithus.A.What…thatB.That…whatC.Why…thatD.If…what61.isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.A.ThatB.WhyC.HowD.Who.we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.A.WhenB.WhyC.WhatD.That.thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.A.IfB.WhereC.ThatD.What.hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.A.HowB.WhatC.WhyD.This.youcomeornotisuptoyou.A.WhatB.IfC.WhyD.Whether.makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.Anybody.teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.A.WhichB.ThatC.IfD.How.Threedayslater,wordcameourcountryhadsentupanotherman-madesatellite.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where.Theproblemiswillgotothemeeting.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.whotlooksitweregoingtorain.A.evenifB.asifC.eventhoughD.like.Thatishelikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how.ThatisLuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why.WethoughtstrangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.what.Thefactshehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.how.WhatI'mconsideringnowthemoneyweneed.A.isB.areC.wereD.was.Canyoutellmewhoisthatgentlemanthatgentlemaniswhowhothatgentlemaniswhomisthatgentlemaneavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.WhoItiswellknownapersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.A.thatwhat,when,andhowB.thatC.whatD.howTheenergyismakesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.suchJackwassoontoldhedidwasnotnecessary.A.whyB.thatC.howD.whywhatWeshouldthinkcarefullyaboutMr.Needhamsaidatthemeeting.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.XCanyoupointouttworadiosarethebestA.whichB.whatC.thatD.whetherYouwilleasilyknowvideorecorders录相机）arethesame.A.whattho