(完整版)英语考试试题讲解

2007年10月物流英语考试 试题讲解一讲解I。语法、词汇部分Theaimof（）managementistominimizetheamountofmaterialinstock.A.inventionB.inventiveC.inventoryD.inventiveness答案：C【讲解】本题属于词汇题。考查物流专业词汇。首先看题干：（）管理的目的是降库存中物料的数量降到最低。根据物流知识，应该知道（）中需要填写 库存”。然后看选项，A.发明创造；B.发明的；C.库存；D.发明能力。因此答案为 C。Don’tforgettorefertothebookERPinthe（）ofplanningresourcesinyourenterprise.A.wayB.routeC.processD.proceed【讲解】本题属于词汇题。考查近义词辨析。首先看题干：在为你的企业制定资源计划的（）中，别忘了参考《ERP》o根据句子所要表达的意思，应该在括号中填写 过程”。再看选项，A.方法、途径；B.路线;C.过程；D.进行。因此答案为 C。The（）expenseswillbeforyouraccountifyouplaceanorderof100,00tonsofrollsteelatatime.Myworkshopusesonlytentonsamonth.A.stockingB.storeC.storageD.stored【讲解】本题属于词汇题。考查对词形变化的理解以及物流专业词语。首先看题干：如果你在自己那里一次存放1万吨轧钢，那么（）的费用可是由你自己承担。我的工厂一个月才用10吨轧钢。看选项。四个选项中三个分别为动词store（储藏）及其衍生词。A.stocking长袜，可以直接排除。B.store（储藏）动词。C.storage,名词。D.过去式。库存的存储费用，是指存储这件事情的费用，因此应该使用名词形式。因此正确答案为 C。Logisticswasformerlycalledphysical（）.PositionB.distributionC.settingD.distribute【讲解】本题属于词汇题。首先看题干：物流过去被称为物理（）。括号中应为配送。再看选项。A.位置；配送C.设置；D.配送（动词）。因此正确答案为 B。We’vestudiedallour（）catalogs.A.competitorsB.competitor’sC.competitorD.competitors’【讲解】本题属于语法题。首先看题干：我们已经研究了我们（竞争对手的）产品目录。名词的所有格形式是名词's：如果名词本身以S结尾或者复数形式加了 S,那么所有格形式为 名词s'：返回来看句子，根据实际情况，一般竞争对手都不只一个，因此正确答案为D。Thereis,however,awell-definedorderinwhichthecomponentscanbeinstalledinthevehiclemost（）.A.efficientB.efficientlyC.effectivelyDeffective【讲解】本题属于词汇题。首先看题干：然而，步骤很清晰，保证设备车辆的零部件能够最（）组装起来。根据选项知道（）里面是“有效地 ”。看选项，辨析 efficient和effective，。efficient强调效率，也就是说正确且快速；effective强调效果，效力。根据题干的意思，应该选择效率，而不是效力，又需要选择副词。形容词变成副词的最常见形式就是 形容词ly"，排除Ao因此正确答案为 BoExcuseme,butIdon’tquite（）you.I’mconfused.A.feelB.helpC.followD.touch【讲解】本题属于词汇题。首先看题干：对不起，我没有（）你。我糊涂了。通过前后两个半句，应该可以推断出，说话人想要表达的意思是，没有搞明白。再看选项：A.感觉；B.帮助；C.跟从；D.接触。当别人说话的时候，你应该一直注意听，跟着说话人的思路走。如果你走神了，或者没听懂，就没能够跟上说话者的思路。因此，英语的表达方法是，Idon’tfollowyou.其实就是说“我没听明白”。因此正确答案为C。Inventoriesarefrequentlyfoundinsuchplaces（）warehouses,yards,shopfloors,transportationequipment,andonretailstoreshelves.A.asB.likeC.whichD.where【讲解】本题属于词汇题。首先看题干：存货通常可以在以下地方找到，（）仓库、空场、商店、运输设备和零售货架上。根据题干，（）中应该填写“例如”。我们熟悉的就是 suchas和like。这时应该注意题干中的 “such”，因此正确答案是 A。Holdinginventoriesfosterseconomiesin（）andtransportation.A.purchaseB.purchasedC.purchasingD.purchases【讲解】本题属于词汇题。与第三题类似。首先看题干：持有库存能促进（）和运输中的节约。根据选项，可以推断出（）中应该填写“采购”。作为名词，“采购”的英文是purchasing，因此正确答案是：C。Just（）whyafirmmightwantinventoriesatsomelevelintheiroperationsandwhytheywouldalsowanttokeepthemataminimum.A.considerB.consideringC.consideredD.considers【讲解】本题属于词汇题。与第三题类似。首先看题干：（思考）为什么公司在运作中需要一定的库存同时还想将库存量最小。此句为祈使句，省略主语，直接以动词原形开头。因此正确答案是 A。Packagingshouldprotectthegoods（）damageduringhandling,storingandtransportation.A.forB.atC.fromD.about【讲解】本题属于语法题。首先看题干：包装应该保护货物在储存和运输过程中（）损伤。四个选项为介词，与protect联合使用。根据题干，应该是 保护货物远离损伤”，即protect…from。因此正确答案是：COurmanagersuggeststhatwe（）loadthegoodsassoonaspossible.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.would应该”应该”再看选项，表示应该的选项是 should。而且，suggestthatsb(should)do，可以理解为一种祈使句，建议做某事。因此正确答案是 C。Hespendsmostofhissparetime()logistics.A.tostudyB.onstudyC.studyD.studying【讲解】本题属于语法题。首先看题干：他把大部分时间都花在()物流上。根据选项，()中应该填写“学习”。四个选项分别为study的四种形式。应该根据题干结构进行选择，即spendtimedoing，花时间做某事。因此正确答案是 D。IntheaveragemanufacturingfirminNorthAmerica,purchasedgoodsandservicesaccount()approximately55centsofeverysalesdollar.A.toB.fromC.forD.in【讲解】本题属于词汇题。首先看题干：对于北美的一般制造公司来说，所采购的产品和服务的花费占到了销售额的55%。本题考查的是 accountfor，“占“。因此正确答案是 C。Healwayswantseverything()inahurry.A.doneB.doingC.todoD.do【讲解】本题属于语法题。首先看题干：他总是想让所有的事情就赶紧(做完)。根据句意，做完，应该用过去分词done。从语法结构看，done是everything的补语。因此正确答案是 A。Thequalityoffinishedgoodsandservicesisobviously()uponthequalityofthematerialsandpartsusedinproducingthoseitems.A.dependB.dependenceC.dependentD.depended【讲解】本题属于语法兼词汇题。首先看题干：很明显，最终产品和服务的质量(依赖于)生产过程中所用材料的质量。选项为depend(动词原形)及其各种形式。我们都知道dependon这个词组。不过请注意，这道题稍微改变了一些，动词改成了is,因此depend也要变成形容词，即bedependenton/upon。因此正确答案为 C。Ifyourefusetodevelopyourself,otherswill()you.A.performB.loseC.winD.outperform【讲解】本题属于词汇题。首先看题干：如果你拒绝提高自己，其他人将()你。根据逻辑，()应填写“超过“或同类词。再看选项：A执行；B失败；C战胜；D胜过。因此正确答案是 D。Afargreateramountofcargoisshippedbybulkcarriers,()canbecharteredonthetrampmarketonatimebasisoronvoyagebasis.A.whereB.whichC.whoseD.who【讲解】本题属于语法题。首先看题干：大多数货物都是通过散装货轮运输的，这些船可以按照时间或者航程在不定期船运输市场租赁。看懂题干后，应该知道逗号后面一句话缺少主语。可见本题考点是非限定性定语从句。由于后半句说的是租船的事情，缺少主语“船“，在逗号前面可以找到 ”bulkcarriers“，前置词，因此正确答案是 B。Ifyoudecidetobookthespaceyourself,youcan()gotoashippingcompanyorsimplygoontheInternet.A.bothB.neitherC.eitherD.all【讲解】本题属于语法题。首先看题干：如果你决定自己定空间，既可以直接去货运公司，也可以上网。应该看出，句子的后半句提出两种方案，哪一种都可以，因此应该用 either…or结构，表示或者•一或者both表示两个同时，表示肯定。neither表示两个中，哪一个都不行，即表示否定。因此正确答案是 CCanyoucheckthe（）formeagain?Iwanttoknowthedetailsof tomorrow’smeeting.Thanks!A.scheduleB.roomC.barD.account【讲解】本题属于词汇题。首先看题干：你能帮我再检查一下（）吗？我想知道明天会议的详细安排。谢谢。如果只看前半句，似乎填什么都可以。这是我们就需要把整个题干看完。那么会议的细节当然是写在会议日程上，因此可以直接选出正确答案，A。阅读部分Passage1ManypeoplewonderhowWal-Martisabletochargesuchlowpricesandcontinuetomakeaprofit.Thereareseveralfactorsintheirbusinessmodelthatcontributetothisability,butabigoneistheirabilitytoadapttoanever-changingglobalmarketplace.SomecriticizeWal-Marthasbeenabletodeliverlowprocessbybeingefficient.Thisefficiencyispresentinseveralarea,butoneofthemostimportantplacesishowtheyareabletomanufactureproductsallovertheworldandgetthemtoretailoutlets,whicharealsoovertheworld.Thisabilityrequiresflawlesslogisticalsystemthatallowsproductstobeshippedanywhereatamoment’snotice.OneofthekeystoWal-Mart’seffectivelogisticalsystemistheflexibility（ 灵活性）thatishaswhenchoosingsuppliers.WhenWal-Martnegotiateswithsuppliers,thesuppliersknowthatWal-Marwillonlypaythemostcompetitiveprices.Thisisbecauseitiseasyforthemtofindanothersuppliersofthatparticularmaterialwithalowerprocessandveryfewlogisticalproblems.ThisgivesWal-Martahugeamountofleverage（ 优势）whendealingwithsuppliers.Ifaparticularsupplierknowsthatacompanyhasfoundalowerprice,itwillloweritspriceaccordingly.However,ifthesupplieralsoknowsthatitwillbeincrediblydifficultforthecompanytomaketheproperadjustmentstoensureasmoothtransition（过渡）toadifferentsupplier,thentheywillbelessinclinedtolowertheirpriceasmuch.ThisisnothowexistingsuppliersdealwithWal-Mar;whentheyseethatWal-Marthasfoundasupplierthatwillgivethemalowerprice,thecurrentsupplierslowertheirpricesaccordingly.TheyknowthatWal-Mart’slogisticalsystemcanhandletransitionseamlessly（ 无缝地）andthereforetheygainnoadditionalleveragesinceit won’t bedifficultorcostlyforWal-Marttochooseanothersupplier.AnotherreasonthatWal-Mart’spricesaresocompetitiveisbecausetheybuyinsuchlargequantitiesthattransportationfromoneendofthesupplychaintoanotherisnotascostlyforadditionalunits.Thisaspectofthelogisticalsystemdoesnotcomefromskillorexpertise;itsimplycomesfromthesheersizeofthecompany,butthisisstillafactor.Wal-Martbuyssomanysuppliersfromdifferentplacesthroughouttheworldthattheyhavetheluxuryofusingbiggertrucksandusinglessfueltogobackandforth.Alsoifbychancetheyhavetouseshippingservicestotransportmaterialfromone location toanother,WalMartwillgivethemsomuchbusinessthattheywillgethugediscounts.ThelogisticalsystemthatWal-Martusesissoeffectivebecauseitissoflexible.ThisiswhyWal-Martisabletoofferthingsmuchcheaperthanothercompaniescan.Wal-Marthasareputationforbeingabletoofferthesethingsinacheapmannerbecauseoflowemployeepayandhumanrightsviolations(违反、违背)butthisissimplynotthecase.Theword“chargei”nthefirstlinemeans()tostateofficiallythatsomeonemaybeguiltyofacrimetoasksomeoneforaparticularamountofmoneyforsomethingyouareselling.toblamesomeonetoordersomeonetodosomething.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisWRONGaboutWal-Mart?Wal-Martisabletoadapttoanever-changingglobalmarketplace.Wal-Marthasbeenabletodeliverlowpricesbybeingefficient.Wal-Marthasaflawlesslogisticalsystemthatallowsproductstobeshippedanywhereatmoment’snotice.TheprofitofWal-Martisnowdeclining.SuppliersofWal-Martknowthat()Wal-MartisflexiblewhenchoosingsuppliersWal-Martonlynegotiationwithsupplierswiththemostcompetitiveprices.Wal-MartisincrediblydifficulttomaketheproperadjustmentstoensureasmoothtransitiontoadifferentsuppliertheycannotloseWal-Martforthesakeoftheirprofit.Buyinginlargequantities()isafactormakingWal-Mart’spriceshighcanmakepricescompetitivemeanshavingtheluxuryofusingbiggertrucks.meanstouseshippingservicestotransportmaterial.Thelastsentenceofthelastparagraphshowsthat()Wal-MartofferthingsinacheapmannerWal-Martviolateshumanrightssomepeople’sunderstandingofWal-Martisincorrect.thelogisticsystemofWal-Martisflexible.Passage2CEVALogisticsismakingthe“logisticspar”tofitsnameoutdated,unlessonestretchesthetermtomeanmorethantraditionaltransportationandwarehousing.WhattheproviderdoesfortheMichelinTireGroupintheU.S.isaprime（ 主要的）exampleofthattrend.UnderitsformernameofTNTLogistics,CEVAhasanextensivehistoryofworkingwithMichelinaroundtheworld.Fiveyearsago,MichelinNorthAmericasignedacontractwiththethen-parentofTNT,TPGN.V.,handingoverday-to-dayoperationofthe client ’stiredistributioncentersthroughoutthecontinent.Thatdealcamesevenyearsafterinception（ 开始、开端）ofasimilarlogisticsservicescontractbetweenthetwocompaniesintheUnitedKingdom.CEVAcameintobeinglastyear,whenTNTN.V.soldoffitscontractlogisticsunittoApolloManagement,aNewYork-basedprivateequityfirm.Intheprocess,thecompanymaintainedthespecializedservicesthatithadbuiltupovertheyearsonbehalfoftiremanufactureToday,CEVAhastirecontractsin17countriesonfivecontinents.IntheU.S.,certainservicesthatCEVAperformsforMichelinonaregionalbasisexceedtheboundariesofwhatsomemightconsiderlogistics.GinaMooniscustomerserviceassociatewiththeMichelinTireGroupinGreenville,S.C.,U.S.headquartersoftheglobalconcern.Oneofheraccountsatthat location isUtilityTrailer,whichprovidesspecializedequipmenttomovetirestoautomobilemanufacturers.MichelinshipstofiveUtilityTrailer locationsintheU.S.,twoinVirginiaandoneeachinUtah,AlabamaandArkansas.Shipmentvolumeisaround250,000unitsperyear,accordingtoMoon.Atthefacilities,however, it’sCEVAthatisresponsibleofreceivingandmountingthetiresonwheels.Fromthere,thecomponentsmovetotheassemblylinesofvariouscustomers.CEVAmanagesthetransportationendoftheprogramaswell,although it’sMichelinthatsecurestheappropriatetrucker.BlueTruckingisamajorhauler（ 运输者）ofshipmentstotheIndependencefacilitybecauseofitsoperationsinVirginia.SwiftTransportationInc.andOldDominionFrightLineInc.arealsoregularprovidersofover-the-roadserviceforMichelin.CEVAperformsthetire-mountingservicenotjustforMichelin,butforothermajortiremanufacturersaswell,includingGoodyear,BridgestoneandYokohamaTire.Inallcases,theoperationrequiresspecialhandingsoasnottoscratchthepristine（ 崭新的）wheelsthatareintendedfornewcars. “Wedon’thavealotofissueslikethat,”saysMoon.“Theyareverygoodatwhattheydo.”WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutCEVALogisticsisNOTcorrect?ItcooperateswiththeMichelinTireGroupintheU.S.ItworkswithTPGN.V.ToCEVALogistics,“logisticsmea”nsmorethantraditionaltransportationandwarehousing.Itcameintobeinglastyear.TNTis().acompanyintheU.K.thethen-parentofMichelinaNewYork-basedprivateequityfirmthedescendantofTPGN.V.WhyisGinaMoonmentionedinParagraph4and5?BecausesheiscustomerserviceassociatewiththeMichelinTireGroupinGreenville,S.C.Becauseoneofheraccountsatthat location isUtilityTrailer.Becauseit’sanexampleshowingthatcertainservicesthatCEVAperformsexceedtheboundariesofwhatsomemightconsiderlogistics.BecauseUtilityTrailerprovidesspecializedequipmenttomovetirestoautomobilemanufacturers.Asmentionedinthelastparagraphbutone,whichcompanysecurestheappropriatetrucker?CEVASwiftTransportationInc.BlueTruckingDMichelinAllaretiremanufacturesEXCEPT().OldDominionFreightLineInc.MichelinGoodyearYokohamaPassage3Itisfallacy(谬论)toassumethatthebestlogisticsstrategyistogettheproductfromthesuppliertothecustomerthefastestandalwaysbeinstockforallorganizations.Ifthisweretrue,mostorganizationswouldnotbeprofitabletoday.Thetruthis,creatingalogisticsstrategyisabalancingactwhichtakesmanyvariablesintoaccount.Hereisalistofwhatneedstobeansweredbeforecreatingalogisticsstrategy.Whatarethestrategicobjectivesoftheorganization?WhatarethestrategicAbusinesswouldneverreviewthetaxconsequencesofmakinganinvestmentandthenchoosethebestinvestmentbasedonthetaxtreatment.Itwouldevaluateitsinvestmentoptionsandthenselecttherightoneforitsbusiness.Thenitwouldlooktoitsaccountanttofindthebestwaytoreportit.Similarly,thelogisticsstrategysupportsthebusinessstrategy.Forexample,ifafurnitureretaileriscompetinginthelow-costfurnituresegment（ 部门）ofthemarket,ithastoaskitselfwhatdoitscustomerswantintermsofcustomerservice;isitin-stockavailability,quickdeliverytimeoragenerousreturnpolicy?StrategicAnalysisoftheCompetitionItisbeneficialtolookatwhatlevelofcustomerserviceyourcompetitorsareoffering.Thismaybeaccomplishedbyconducingacustomersserviceaudit（ 审查）.Theauditwillshowwhatlevelofcustomerserviceperformancecustomersexpectaswellaswhatiscurrentlybeingoffered.Agapanalysiswillthenshowthedifferencebetweenexpectedperformanceandactualperformanceandhighlightchangesthatmustbemade.EvaluateChannelStructureOncethegapsareidentifiedandthecustomerservicelevelisdefined,thenextstepistolookatthechannelstructure.Thelogisticschannelstructuredisplayshowmanylevelstherearebetweenthesupplierandthecustomer.Italsoidentifieshowmanydistributionpointsserviceareinthenetworkandifalogisticsnetworkre-designisnecessarytomeetcustomerservicegoals.Forexample,ifthefurnitureretailerwantsnext-daydeliverytoitscustomers,itmaywanttoconsiderhavingregionalwarehousesincloseproximity（ 接近）toitsmajormarketareas.Theanswerstotheabovequestionswillgiveanorganizationaroadmaptosetitscustomerservicepolicy.Thispolicyisthentranslatedtothechannelstructuretobestmeettheorganization ’sgoalsinthemostefficientandeffectivemanner.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTcorrect?Thebestlogisticsstrategyistogettheproductfromthesuppliertothecustomerthefastestandalwaysbeinstockforallorganizations.Whatthestrategicobjectivesoftheorganizationareisthefirstfactorthatshouldbeconsideredwhenalogisticsstrategyiscreated.Whatlevelofcustomerserviceyourcompetitorsareofferingisanotherfactorneededtobetakenintoaccount.Thelaststeptocreatealogisticsstrategyistoevaluatethechannelstructure.Theword“profitablein”“Ifthisweretrue,mostorganizationswouldnotbeprofitabletoday.”means（）.A.existingmakingmoneygoingbankruptcylistedAgenerousreturnpolicybelongstothecategoryof().logisticsstrategyPackagingmaritimetransportationcustomerserviceWhyisacustomserviceauditintroducedinthispassage?Becausethetaxconsequencesshouldnotbereviewed.Becauseitisamustinstrategicanalysis.Becauseitwillshowwhatlevelofcustomerserviceperformancecustomersexpectandwhatiscurrentlybeingoffered.Becauseithighlightschangesthatmustbemade.WhichofthefollowingwillthelogisticschannelstructureNOTdemonstrate?Howmanylevelstherearebetweenthesupplierandthecustomer.Howmanydistributionpointsthereareinthenetwork.Whetheralogisticsnetworkre-designisnecessarytomeetcustomerservicegoals.Ifthefurnitur