四六级仔细阅读技巧课放映

ReadinginDepth20248.5讲解人：田硕

田硕flight仔细阅读的考查重点

(1)掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；(2)了解用以阐述主旨的事实和有关细节；(3)根据上下文判断大纲附表以外的某些词汇和短语的意义；(4)既理解个别句子的意义，又理解上下文之间的逻辑关系；(5)根据所读材料进行一定的判断、推理和引申；(6)领会作者的观点和态度。常见考查题型1）细节类：在阅读理解里出题数量最多。有的文章出的题目全部是细节题。细节题：文中涉及事物的原因，目的等细节。分单一细节题和多项细节题。

词汇题：文章中某个词汇（包括短语）的理解。

单句题：根据上下文来猜测、判断句子的意义。（2）推理类：出题量较少。一篇文章通常最多出一个。推论题：根据已知的信息来推理四个选项哪一个符合逻辑并符合原文。结论题：根据已知的事实细节来做出合理的并符合原文的结论。（3）主旨类：通常需要概括归纳，出题量较少。一篇文章通常最多出一个。

主旨题：分全文主旨和段落主旨两类。是对全文或段落大意的概括总结。态度、语气题：通常是作者对讨论专题的态度和语气。也有的态度题是对文章某个细节的态度，但与细节题是有区别的，前者的答案需要归纳。仔细阅读解题步骤和各题型解题思路

先看题还是先看文章？

完整的步骤概括如下：第一步：先读文章各段首句及转折句确定文章大致主旨。第二步：浏览问题，决定做题顺序。看完一道题，立即回文中去找答案点。做完一题，再去看下一题。千万不要把所有题目都过一遍再去看文章。第三步：读、做细节类题和段落提，顺序为：细节题（题文同序）、单词、单句题、多项细节题、限制某段的段落题。第四步：读、做推理类题：推论、结论题。第五步：读、做主旨类题：主旨题、态度语气题，和其他题目没有冲突。通读原文

（一）通读哪些内容？要了解文章大意，不必每句都读，只要抓住文章的主干就行。可以选读主要的句子，通常为各段的首（尾）句，以及最后一段最后一句（常常从里面出细节题）。六级阅读文章一般在3－7段居多，有些描述性文章的段落会多些。通常我们需要通读的句子在5－8句之间，占文章的比重较小。花2分钟便能仔细阅读这些句子了.（二）哪些句子不读？同位语和较长的后置定语（如人物身份，句子中间的非限制性定语从句），很长的专有名词（如机构名称）等。这些信息需要用跳读（skip）的方法，略去不读。四六级阅读的陷阱1.偷换概念、似是而非、以偏概全：你觉得好像挺对，但文中根本没有提到，或者根本不是这样说的。2.信息不准：缺失或无故多增。让你觉得好像是对的、关键词全部出现。归根到底：让你觉得一个比一个像。

四六级阅读要领1.读懂并记住要问你什么。做题的时候不能翻来覆去的看。（很多同学根本没看懂题目问的什么）2.找到文段当中答案所在的段落，读一下这段说的是什么。（定位词：人名地名公司名、年月日具体日期、动词同意转换）3.根据你所理解的答案那一段的大意，对应选项，选出你认为最合理的答案。4.总结性的题目：切勿选择太过具体的只说其中小细节的选项。

(往往答案是最模棱两可的、意思最宽广的)Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受伤害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmost(极度的)attention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的).”However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerability(弱点)toclimatehazards(危害)whilestillcurbing(限制)theemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受伤害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmost(极度的)attention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的).”However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerability(弱点)toclimatehazards(危害)whilestillcurbing(限制)theemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreport

was“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受伤害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmost(极度的)attention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的).”However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerability(弱点)toclimatehazards(危害)whilestillcurbing(限制)theemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.【小题1】WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?A．Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.B．Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.C．Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.D．Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.【小题2】WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?A．Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.B．Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.C．Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.D．Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.【小题3】WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?A．Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.B．Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.C．Itdeservesourclosestattention.D．Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.【小题4】WhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewofthereport?A．Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.B．Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.C．ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.D．Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.【小题5】WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?A．Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.B．Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.C．Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.D．Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards【小题1】WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?A．Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.B．Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.C．Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.D．Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.

forum论坛Humanitarian人道主义看懂问什么，注意：只看题目、不看选项。定位关键词：名次、动作词关键词：finding-find发现、forum论坛、what什么定位时，要知道，find可能会是同义词

Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.只要读懂这些字体说的是什么，选一个相对最好的答案即可。人类所影响的气候变化正在提高全球死亡率死亡率：由热引起的相关疾病【小题1】WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?A．Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.B．Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.C．Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.D．Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.

Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.B：经济增长速率：偷加概念！C、营养不良在一些贫困国家引起了严重的健康问题：利用选项中的细节进行干扰，扩展出文中没有表达的含义。——白日梦、无关联想D、经济趋势：偷换中心【小题2】WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?A．Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.B．Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.C．Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.D．Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.关键词：Forum’sreport

whatlearn定位关键词千万不要忘记动词：这个要干什么Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereport

drewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.criticism评价词、格外重要【小题2】WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?A．Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.B．Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.C．Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.D．Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereport

drewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.Adevelopingcountries.在结论中夹杂文中没给的限制区域B被接受截然相反C关键描述不正确【小题3】WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?A．Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.B．Itdeservesourclosestattention.C．Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.D．Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreport

was“amethodological方法论的embarrassment羞耻”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受伤害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmost(极度的)attention.”Butthereport,hesaid,“willharm祸害thecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的).”Astatistics数据偷换概念B相反C吻合Dpurposely结论被故意夸大conclusion结论也没有凌乱拼凑【小题4】WhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewofthereport?A．Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.B．Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.C．ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.D．Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,

defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.A、carefullycollected精心收集的正反颠倒B、完全没有提到无中生有C、heateddiscussions热烈讨论无端描述（无故增多细节）D、aremeantto为了【小题5】WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?A．Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.B．Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.C．Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.D．HowrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazardsInapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocuson

increasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerability(弱点)toclimatehazards(危害)whilestillcurbing(限制)theemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.解细节类题1．细节类题所提问的问题或题干里缺少的部分都是围绕着原文不同信息设计的。因此，读问题时要特别注意问题中缺少的信息。因此要读透问题，必须看清楚题目中的关键要素。因为在读完问题后，下一步就是寻找原文何处涉及到了问题，而问题中已经出现的信息是用来在原文定位的关键。2．在原文定位与问题有直接联系的句子。先根据对问题的理解来回忆是否与刚才通读的段落首尾句有关系，如有，迅速回原文相关位置定位。六级阅读中，很多细节题可以直接定位在通读的句子上。如果没有直接联系，则需要按照下面几步走：（1）如果问题中有人名、地名等专有名词或时间、价格等数词，就以这些词为主要线索在原文中其它位置（非通读的句子）搜索，因为开头字母大写的专有名词和阿拉伯数字很容易辨别。（2）快速核对问题中其它成分在原文中是否有体现。如果有，此处就是原文定位的句子，可以做一下标记，以便复查的时候能够迅速找到。3．审查选项，做出选择。这一步是核对原文定位的句子里面有没有问题问的内容，或者有没有题干缺少的信息（原因、目的等）。有下面几种情况和对策：（1）如果原文中的句子各个成分与问题中的都匹配，对比各选项，看一下哪一个与定位的句子说法最一致。这一步仍然要把选项各成分与原文对照，确保意义完全符合原文。（2）如果定位的句子与四个选项任何一个都无关系，需要根据问题的性质(原因、条件等)来确定在文章里继续搜索答案的方向。（3）搜索原文一直到发现某个选项中的各要素为止。（二）词汇、单句理解题这类题目要求我们根据上下文来猜测、判断单词或句子在文章中的意义。题目中都会明确指出这些词或句子在原文里的位置，不需要我们再费力气去定位。词汇（Vocabulary）是六级阅读理解测试中非常重要的一项。词汇类其实也是就细节进行提问，所不同的是这是唯一关于词或词组的练习项目，词汇题往往要求对文章中的某个单词、短语甚至句子等找出近义词或最合适的解释。解答这类题需要学生拥有较大的词汇量。可是，单词记忆似乎已成为学生普遍反映最头痛的难题。阅读理解中词汇类问题的常见提问方式有下列几种：(1)Accordingtotheauthor,theword“…”means_______.(2)Whichofthefollowingisnearestinmeaningto“…”?(3)Theterm“…”inparagraph…canbebestreplacedby….(4)What'sthemeaningof“…”inline…ofparagraph…?(5)Asusedintheline…,theword“…”refersto_______.猜测词义1．同义词或复述线索。在同一句子中使用另外一个词，该词与生词具有基本相同的意义；或者，使用几个词来复述生词的意义。例如：

A．Thewomanfoundherselfinadifficultsituation．Infactherplightwassoseriousthatshedecidedtogethelp．

B．Childrenoftentrytoemulateorcopythebehaviorthatthey．seeontelevision．2．比较／对照线索，一个句子可能包含有这样一个词，它与生词具有相反的意义。作者有时使用ontheotherhand，however，although，unlike，yet和but等转折语，提醒读者注。意他要使用一个与生词具有相反意义地词语。

A．Somepeopleliketowalkquicklyhomeafterwork，butIprefertostrollhomeandlookatthestorewindowsalongtheway.

B．Although

thedoctor

usuallyperformedtheoperationperfectly,thenurseknewhehadslippedwhenshesawthepatient'sbloodpressuresuddenlyrise．3．例释线索。作者有时给出一些例子，指示或解释生词的含义。

Therewasakindofdetachmentabouttheoldman'sbehavior．Itappearedasifhedidn'tcarewhatyouweresayingtohim．asifwhatyouweresayingwereofnointeresttohim．

4．直接解释的线索。作者有时担心自己所使用的词不易为读者理解，于是就直接解释该词的意义。

A．Thepowerfulpoisonwasimperceptiblewhenmixedinliquid；thatis，itcouldnotbetasted，seen，orsmelled．

B．Fromtheshelfabovehim。theoldmantookdownaphiaI，asmallglassbottleusedtokeepliquids，andheplaceditonthetableinfrontofhim．5．经验线索或情景线索。有些生词可以根据它们所出现于其中的情景去理解；也可以结合读者自己的经验去理解。

A．Alanfoundhimselfonthefirstfloorofanold，seeminglyabandonedbuilding，ashewalkeduptothesecondfloorhe

couldheartheoldwoodenstairscreakwitheachstephetook．

B．ItwasthefirsttimeNancyhadbeeninabigcity．Shefeltalittleapprehensiveasshewalkedoutontothestreet，withsomanystrangefacesstaringather单句理解题所选用的句子通常字面意思较模糊，可以从不同角度来理解，但在文中的意思必须根据语境来判断，难度较大。常见的问法有：(1)Thesentence…meansthat______.(2)Whatdoesthesentence…imply?(3)Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtothesentence…?

解题的基本方法是结合通读时掌握的文章大意，并参考上下文来进行合理推测，同时要善于利用连接词判断考查的句子与上下文句子之间的逻辑关系。如果考查句由hence,asaresult,consequently,therefore,so等开头，通常需要到上文（一句或多句，逐渐扩大搜索范围）寻找原因，因为这些词是对上文内容引起的结果。如果考查句由Forexample,take…forexample,forinstance等表举例的短语，也通常要到上文寻找线索，因为考查句子充当一个观点或现象的实例。看到onthecontrary,incontrast,bycontrast;however,but等对比或转折表达时，也需要参考前面的句子，只有了解了上文的意思，才能推测出相反的意思是什么。例:WhyareAmerica'skidssostressed?Thereportcitestwomaincauses:increasingphysicalisolation—broughtonbyhighdivorceratesandlessinvolvementincommunity,amongotherthings—andagrowingperceptionthattheworldisamoredangerousplace.Giventhatwecan'tturntheclockback,adultscanstilldoplentytohelpthenextgenerationcope.Q:Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays,“wecan'tturntheclockback”?A)It'simpossibletoslowdownthepaceofchange.B)Thesocialrealitychildrenarefacingcannotbechanged.

C)Lessonslearnedfromthepastshouldnotbeforgotten.D)It'simpossibletoforgetthepast.基本原则

原文重现：原文告诉你选什么，你就应该选什么，不能凭感觉和想象。

尽量少读：六级更多的对点出题，而不是对面出题。所有句子都认识，但不知道整段的意思。But,Yet,However转折连词后面是重点，常考点做题是要划下来。题型1.

主旨题（SumUp/Title）--看文章每段第一句（抓大放小，找最重要的，看每段的第一句），但是当文章的段落特别多时不适应。A．apple

fruit

orangeB．animal

cat

dog

birdC．green

red

yellow

colorD．chair

table

furniture

couchE．nurse

profession

teacher

lawyer24.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsumupthepassage?A)Advantagesanddisadvantagesofautomation.B)Labourandtheeffectsofautomation.C)Unemployment