冰山理论分析analysisoficebergprincipaloninanother

Earlyworkthoughitis,inAnotherCountrytakesontheconciseandimplicitstyleofEarnestHemingwaywell.HeadoptedtheIcebergprincipalwithimplicitlanguageandprofoundimaginarytoexpressendlessmeaning,andleftadeepimpressiononreadersminds.Hemingwayhaseversaid:“Ialwaystrytowriteontheprincipleoftheiceberg.Thereisseven-eighthsofitunderwaterforeverypartthatshows.Anythingyouknowyoucaneliminateanditonlystrengthensyouriceberg.Itisthepartthatdoesn'tshow.”Indeed,icebergprincipalcanbeseeneverywhereinHemingway’swork.ThisessaywilltakeexampleofinAnotherCountrytoanalyzetheprincipaloficeberginhisworks.AtmosphereThebackgroundofastoryconsistsoftime,placeandatmosphere.Astory’sbackgroundcaninfluencecharacter’sbehaviorandthedevelopmentoftheevents.Buildingatmospherecannotonlyexpresscharacter’semotionandattitude,itcanalsoinfluencereader’sfeelings.ColdnessanddarknessInthebeginning,theauthorusesonlyafewlinesdescribingthebackgroundofthestory.Thelanguageisverysimpleandbrief,butreadercanfeelthelonelinessandfearofcharacters.“ItwascoldinthefallinMilanandthedarkcameveryearly.”Thedescriptionisfullofgloomytone.Visually,theauthorshowedthelightistransientanddarkcomesearly.Tactilely,theauthordescribedthecoldnessofMilan’sfall.Lowtemperaturenotonlymakesbodycold,italsomakesheartcold.“Thentheelectriclightson,anditwaspleasantalongthestreetlookinginthewindows.”Itisthecharacter’sreactiontotheouterenvironment.Darknessandcoldnessisalwayscloselyconnectedwithloneliness.Itisbecauseoflonelinessthatpeopledesireforlightandwarmthmuchmore.Itisexactlytheinnermindofcharactersinthestory.Attheendofthefirstparagraph,theauthoragaindescribesthecoldnessofthefall.Hemingwaymentionscoldnessaltogetherthreetimesintheshortsection,andbuildsableakandlonelyatmosphere.Maincharactersofthestoriesarewoundedsoldiers,whosebodiesandheartareallhurttodifferentextent.Warhasbroughtthemwithgreatmisery,andtheycannevergetridofthemisery.Theoutsideworldcannotbringwarmthandlighttothem,onthecontrary,thecoldnessevenincreasestheirmiseryandloneliness.Therefore,thecoldnessandtheenvironmentareconsistentwiththecoldnessofsoldiers’hearts.DeathAnatmosphereofdeathisalsoshowedinthebeginningofthestory.“Therewasmuchgamehangingoutsidetheshops,andthesnowpowderedinthefurofthefoxesandthewindblewtheirtails.Thedeerhungstiffandheavyandempty,andsmallbirdsblewinthewindandthewindturnedtheirfeathers.”Theauthorhasindicatedinthefirstsentencethatthewarisstillthere,whichcanonlybringdeathandblood.Thedeerandbirdshungoutsidejustsymbolizethesoldiersinthewar.Thewarcontinues,andthewoundedsoldiersincrease.Infrontofwar,soldiersarelikedeadanimals,helplessanddesperate,torturedruthlesslybywindandsnow.Intheend,theywillalsobecomestiffdeadbodies,andnolongerhavefeelingsaboutwind,snowandcoldness.Whentheauthordescribesthehospital,hewrites“therewereusuallyfuneralsstartingfromthecourtyard.”Thehospitalandthestreetarebothfamiliarplaceforcharactersinthestories.However,theyarebothassociatedwithdeath.Althoughtheyarefarawayfrombattlefieldnow,traumaofthewarisstillthere.Theycannotgetoverthefearofdeath.Thewarhurtsoldiers'bodyaswellastheirheart.Theyfeellonelyandpathetic,andtheirheartsisascoldasthesnowandwindoutside.Thewarhasdestroyedtheirdreamandnormallife.Theyaredesperatelikethesedeadanimals.Theauthorexpressestheabstractmeaningbybuildingthecoldandbleakatmosphere.Throughtheshortdescription,thethemeisconveyed.Thewariscruelandimmoral.Itdestroyspeople'sbodyandheart.Italsodestroyspeople'sdream.Allthesedeepmeaningshouldbefiguredoutbyreadersthemselvessothatitismuchmorecharmingandimpressive.ConversationIninanothercountryHemingwayusesconversationsbetweencharacterstoshapethewell-developedfigures.Conversationscanalwaysexpresscharacters'truefeelingsandemotions,andrevealtheirpersonality.Readershavetogodeepintotheconversationstounderstandthehiddenmeanings.A.ConversationbetweenthemajorandthedoctorBeforethewar,themajorhasbeenthegreatestfencerinItaly.However,hehurtshishandinthewar,whichisagreatdisasterforhim.Thetreatmentofhiswoundisbyamashie,andheknowswon'twork.Themajorusedtobepassionateanddeterminatetofightforhiscountry.Buthisdreamdoesnotrealizeandhiscareerisalsodelayed.Underthecircumstances,themajorasksthedoctoraratherwittyquestion.“AndwillItooplayfootball,captain-doctor?'Thenthedoctorbringsthephotographofhandsbeforethetreatmentandafterthetreatment.Themajorclearlyknowsthephotographsareforged,buthedoesn'tdebunkthelie.Hejustsays:“Veryinteresting,veryinteresting.'Thetworemarksshowthatthemajorisstillverygentleandrespectableinsuchaterriblesituation.Tosomeextent,itshowsthe“codehero”spiritofthemajor.Thoughheisseriouslyhurt,hisspiritcannotbebeatdown.Readerswillfeelmajor’sgreatnessinthosetwoshortsentences.However,whenthedoctoraskswhetherhehasconfidence,themajorjustanswers:“No.”Althoughthemajortakesthetreatment,buthedoesnotself-deceivethathishandcanbecured.Hedarefacethereality,whichmakeshimmorerespectable.B.Conversationbetween“me”andthemajorTherearealsomanyconversationsbetweenthemajorand"me”.Oneexampleisasfollows."’Whatwillyoudowhenthewarisoverifitisover?”heaskedme."Speakgrammatically!’”Normally,“I”onlyneedtoanswerwhatIwilldowhenthewarisover.Butthemajoruseaconditionalsentence,andinform"me”topayattentiontothegrammar.Apparently,therearedeepmeaningsinthesentence.Thefirstsentenceofthestoryhasindicatedthatthewarwasalwaysthere.Connectedto“always”，thesentenceexpressestheendlessnessofthewarandthemiseryitbringstosoldiers.Thewarhasbecomeanatmosphereandacondition.Peoplecannevergetridofit.Thewarisalwaysaccompaniedbydeathandblood.Fear,desperationanddestructionfilledtheair.ItremindsreadersofthesoldiersintheWorldWarOne,andremindsreadersofhowdesperatethesesoldiersare.“I”wishtogobacktotheStatesandhopetogetmarry.Butforthemajor,whetherthewarendedhasnomeaninganymore,ashisbelovedwifehasdied.Therefore,whentheytalkaboutmarriage,themajor’sreactionisespeciallypassionate.“‘Hecannotmarry.Hecannotmarry,’hesaidangrily.‘Ifheistoloseeverything,heshouldnotplacehimselfinapositiontolosethat.Heshouldnotplacehimselfinapositiontolose.Heshouldfindthingshecannotlose.’”Hiswifediedafterthemajorwenttothewar.Thewarcausesthemajorawoundedhand,andalsoleaveshimawoundthatwouldneverhealinhisheart.Heisverysadhehaslosthiswife.Heisangryabouthimthathehasawifebuthelosesher.Whathereallywantstoexpressisthatifpeoplecannotprovideagoodconditionfortheirwives,theyshouldnotmarry.Themajordeeplyregretthathecannotprotecthiswife.ActionsActionsofcharactersarealsoaspeciallanguage.Itcanrevealtheinnermindofthecharacterandarousetheimaginationofreaders.Hemingwayusestheactionofthemajortoexpressthemaj6rsfeelingsandshapethepersonalityofthemajor.A.ThemajorbiteshislipsWhenthemajortalksabouthiswife,theauthorusesaseriousofactions.“Hesaidandchoked.Andthencrying,hisheaduplookingatnothing,carryinghimselfstraightandsoldierly,withtearsonbothcheeksandbitinghislips,hewalkedpastthemachinesandoutthedoor.”Theauthormentionedseveraltimesthatthemajorbiteshislips.Itexpressesthegreatsorrowofthemajorandthestrongheartofasoldier.Readerscanknowfromthestorythatthemajorwashitbydoubleblowinthewar.First,asafencer,hewoundedhishand.Hecannotfightinthewaranymore.Butneithercanheliveanormallife.Second,hisyoungwifehaslefthimforgood.Hefailedtoprotecther.Hecannotrealizehisvalueasasoldier,andhismarriagealsoturnsouttobeatragedy.However,asasoldier,hehastobestrong-minded.Sohebiteshislipstocontrolhissadfeelings.Hecries,becauseheisanormalmanwithemotionsbuthenevershowshisweakness.Hekeepshisheadupjustindicatethesoldiers’spirit.B.ThemajorlooksoutofthewindowTheactionthatthemajorlooksoutofthewindowalsoappearsseveraltimesinthestory.Andthestoryendedwiththeaction.Readerswillbeattractedbytheactionandimaginewhatthemajorislookingatandevenimaginehisinnermind.Theenvironmentoutsideisfilledwithdarknight,coldwindand