高一上学期期末英语模拟卷4

高一年级期末复习练习卷四第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ALessWell-known,butEquallyFascinatingNationalParksintheUSAlcatrazIsland（SanFrancisco,California）AlcatrazIsland,alsoknownas“TheRock"（only0.029squaremiles）inthemiddleofSanFranciscoBay,isthehomeoftheoldestoperatinglighthouseonthewestcoastandtheinfamousfederalprison.VisitthelegendaryislandthatonceservedastheSanFranciscoarmoury（军工厂）.“TheRock”willgivevisitorsaglimpseofwhatlifewaslikeforprisonersandguards.AdvancepurchaseisrequiredbecauseofthelimitednumberofvisitorsallowedontheIslandeachday.CapeCodNationalSeashore（Wellfleet,Massachusetts）CapeCodNationalSeashoreisaprotectedareaofshoreline,naturalhabitats,andhistoricallysignificantstructures.Itconsistsof68squaremilesofbeaches,ponds,marshes,andwoodlandsextendingfor40miles.Withitshistoriclighthouses,thisparkisagreatplacetoswimintheAtlantic,explorenaturetrailsandlearnaboutthenation'ssailingpastandpresent.BiscayneNationalPark（Miami,Florida）Theparkprovidesaccessforvisitorstoencounterandexplorethescenery,wildlife,historyandotheramazingresources.Thisparkcovers270squaremiles,and95%ofitisunderwater.Diversandsnorkelershittheoceantoexploreshipwrecksandabrightcoralreef,hometoreeflobsters.FlorissantFossilBedsNationalMonument（Florissant,Colorado）BeneathagrassymountainvalleyincentralColorado,liesoneoftherichestandmostdiversefossildepositsintheworld．Thismountainvalleyprotects9squaremilesofpetrified（石化）redwoodsandfossilsofancientinsectsandplants,whichwerepreserved35millionyearsagowheneruptingvolcanoescoveredthevalleyinash.Apartfromavarietyofoutdooractivities,itoffersvisitorsopportunitiesforhands-onexperiencetolearnaboutfossilsandscienceintheexhibitarea.1.WhataretouristsrequiredtodotogoonAlcatrazIsland?A.Protectnaturereserves.B.Takedivingsuits.C.Makereservationsinadvance.D.Knowhowtooperatethelighthouse.2.Afanofprehistoriccreatureswillprobablygoto___.A.AlcatrazIslandB.CapeCodNationalSeashoreC.BiscayneNationalParkD.FlorissantFossilBedsNationalMonument3.Whereisthistextprobablyfrom?A.Ageographybook.B.Aguidebook.C.Anewsreport.D.Asciencemagazine.BAtChristmaslastyear,CathyWood'sfamilyhomeinManchesterwasdisturbinglyquiet.Herdaughters,19and21,wererevisingforexams.Shesayssheandherhusband“hardlysawanythingofthem...Iwasabitfedup.”Boredandfrustrated,sheboughta45kgbunchofsecondhandclothes,withoutknowingwhatshewasgoingtodowithit.Wood,aformerteacherofEnglish,hasalwayslovedclothes.Atuniversity,Woodhungoutwiththefashionstudentsandsewedherownnewromanticoutfits．Wood，now62，enjoyedshoppingforvintage（老款）clothingandhadevendiscussedgettingashopwithafriend,buttherentsputthemoff.Aweekorsoafterthebuncharrived,shebookedastall（货摊）atWestDidsburyMakersMarket.Standingatherfirstmarketstallwasawhollynewexperiencethough.“Itwasverydifferentfromteaching.Youneedjusttherightamountofcontactwithpeople.”Woodsoldfourpiecesatherfirstmarket,whichpaidforthestallandleftasmallsurplus（盈余）．Now,shesometimesreturnshomewith30emptycoathangers．Butitwasthecontactwithcustomersandfellowtradersthatshefoundmostrewarding.“It'salovelyenvironment.Youchatandgettoknoweachother.Ireallyenjoyedit.”shesays.Sometimes,inquietmomentsonthestall,shetakesouthermendingandthinksofhermotherandgrandmother.“Mygrandmothertaughtartandcrafts,andbothsheandmymotherspentalotoftimewiththesewingmachine,teachingmetosew,”“Whattheseclothesdoistransportmebacktodifferenttimeswhenthingswereeasierforme.Theygivemeapleasurablefeeling.Nostalgia（怀旧）canbeagoodthinginthatway.＂Aftershestoppedteaching,she“startedtofeellikeanonperson”,shesays.Themarketstall“hasgivenmestatusinmyownmindtobepartofthecommunity,contributingsomething,tobesomebodypeopletalkto,somebodypeoplesmileat.”4.WhydidWoodsellsecondhandclothes?A.Tokeepherfriendcompany.B.Topickuphersewingskills.C.Tokillherboringretirementlife.D.Topayherdaughter'sschoolingfees.5.WhatdoesWoodfindmostrewardinginherbusiness?A.Theprofitsearnedfromthebusiness.B.Thecommunicationwithotherpeople.C.Thecompetitionwithdifferenttraders.D.Theenvironmentofthemarketstall.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“They”inPara.5referto?A.Hergrandmotherandmother.B.Artandcrafts.C.Thesecondhandclothes.D.Thegoodolddays.7.WhatdoesWoodsayconcerninghersecondhandclothesbusiness?A.Ithasmadeheraworthyperson.B.Ithasimprovedhermarketingskills.C.Ithashelpedhertobeafunnyperson.D.Ithasmadehercommunitymuchricher.CDuringthepandemic,millionsofpeoplereplacedtheirlargeopen-planofficeswiththeirlivingrooms.Now,somecompaniessaytheiremployeesneednevercomebackin.BrynnHarrington,VicePresidentofFacebook,said,“Facebookbelievesthatremoteworkisthefuture.Wewanttobeabletogiveouremployeeschoicetoliveandbuildlivesinplacesthattheylove,andwewanttoincreaseourabilitytohirefromplacesaroundtheworld,notjustplaceswherewecurrentlyhaveoffices.”Noteveryoneapprovesofworkingfromhome.Somepeopleareeagertogetbackintotheoffice.Facebookestimatesthatmorethanhalfofitsstaffcouldworkremotelyinthecomingyears,butitinsiststhemoveisnotaboutsavingcosts.Anditsaysit’scommittedtokeepingitsofficesopen.OthertechgiantssuchasMicrosoftandTwitterhavealsoindicatedstaffcouldstayremote-evenafterlockdownsease.OnWallStreet,theyseemlessenthusiasticabouttheidea.ThebossofGoldmanSachsrejectedworkingfromhomeasanewnormal-labellingitan“aberration”instead.Therearealsofearsthatitcouldcreatemoreinequality.Formanycompanies,theanswerprobablyliessomewhereinthemiddle-withworkersdividingtheirtimebetweenofficeandhome.TusharAgarwalfromHubblesaid，“Theofficedoeshaveafuture.Webelievethefutureishybrid（混合）.Webelievethefutureisflexible.Thedemandforflexibleworkspacehasjustgonethroughtheroof.JustinthemonthofMarch,we'rebacktoaboutsixtytoseventypercentofpre-Covidlevels,andactuallyhugeamountsofcompaniesthataredemandingflexiblespaceusedtobeintraditionalrentspace,sonowpeoplewantmoreandmoreflexibilitythaneverbefore.”Onething'sclear-theworldofworkwilllookverydifferenttohowitdidbeforethiscrisis.8.Whydosomecompaniespreferhome-working?A.Itcansavecost.B.Itcreatesmoreequality.C.Itdecreasesinterpersonalconflicts.D.Itoffersmorepossibilitiesforcompanies.9.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothechangeofworkingplace?A.Objective.B.Varied.C.Intolerant.D.Favorable.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphraseinparagraph4mean?A.Anormalthing.B.Aflexiblething.C.Aninterestingthing.D.Anuntypicalthing.11.WhichcanpresentTusharAgarwal'sviewofthefutureoffice?A.Itwillremainunchanged.B.Itwillmainlyberemotework.C.Itwillmixdifferenttypesofworkingplaces.D.Itwillhaveanopenspaceinalargebuilding.DAsartificial-intelligenceproductssteadilyimproveatpretendingtobehuman-anAIproducedvoicethatbooksrestaurantreservationsbyphone,forexample,orachatrobotthatanswersconsumers'questionsonline-peoplewillincreasinglybeputintheunsettlingsituationofnotknowingwhethertheyaretalkingtoamachine.Butthetruthmaymakesuchproductslesseffective：recentresearchfindsatrade-offbetweentransparency（透明度）andcooperationinhuman-computerinteractions.Thestudyusedasimplegameinwhichpairedplayersmakeaseriesofdecisionstocooperatewithorbetraytheirpartner.Inthelongrun,itpaysforbothtokeepcooperating-butthereisalwaysthetemptationtobetrayandearnextrapointsshortterm，atthepartner＇sexpense.TheresearchersusedanAlalgorithm（算法）that，whenposingasaperson,implementedastrategythatwasbetterthanpeopleareatgettinghumanpartnerstocooperate.Butpreviousworksuggestedpeopletendtodisbelievemachines,sothescientistswonderedwhatwouldhappeniftherobotrevealeditselfassuch.Theteamhopedpeopleplayingwithaknownrobotwouldrecognizeitsabilitytocooperate（withoutbeingapushover）andwouldeventuallygetpasttheirdisbelief.“Sadly,wefailedatthisgoal,”saysTalalRahwan,acomputerscientistatNewYorkUniversityinAbuDhabiandaseniorauthoronthepaper,publishedlastNovemberinNatureMachineIntelligence."Nomatterwhatthealgorithmdid,peoplejuststucktotheirprejudice.”Arobotplayingopenlyasarobotwaslesslikelytogetcooperationthananotherhuman,eventhoughitsstrategywasclearlymorebeneficialtobothplayers.（Ineachmode,therobotplayed50roundsagainstatleast150individuals.）Inanadditionalexperiment,playersweretold,“Datasuggestthatpeoplearebetteroffiftheytreattherobotasifitwereahuman.”Ithadnoeffect.VirginiaDignum,wholeadstheSocialandEthicalArtificialIntelligencegroupatUmeaUniversityinSwedenandwasnotinvolvedinthestudy,praisestheresearchersforexploringthetransparency-efficacytrade-off,butshewouldliketoseeittestedbeyondthepaper'sparticularsetup.Theauthorssaythatinthepublicfield,peopleshouldbeaskedforagreementtobedeceivedaboutarobot'sidentity.Itcannotbeonaninteraction-byinteractionbasis,orelsethe“deception”obviouslywillnotwork.Butblanketpermissionforoccasionaldeception，evenifitcanbeobtained，stillraisesethicalquandaries（道德困境）.Dignumsayshumansshouldhavetheoptiontoknowaftertheyhaveinteractedwitharobot-butifsheiscallingcustomerservicewithasimplequestion,sheadds,“Ijustwanttogetmyanswer.”12.Theword"trade-off”isclosestinmeaningto__.A.balancingB.combiningC.distinctionD.agreement13.Accordingtothepassage,whatattitudedopeoplegenerallytaketowardsrobots?A.Highlypositive. B.Casual.C.Stronglyopposed. D.Distrustful.14.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheresearchfindingsfromthepassage?A.Theyfailtosupporttheresearchers'assumption.B.Theywilldrawpeople'sattentiontorobots'problems.C.Theyaredifferentfromthepreviousresearchfindings.D.Theycanexplainwhypeopletreatarobotlikeahuman.15.Accordingtothepassage,whatisVirginiaDignummostlikelytoagreewith?A.TalalRahwan'sresearchfindingscan'tapplytothereal-worldsituations.B.Blanketpermissionforinteractingwitharobotdoesmoreharmthangood.C.Peopleneedn'tbetoldthattheyareinteractingwitharobotonalloccasions.D.Therelationshipbetweentransparencyandefficacyhasbeenfullyexplored.第二节（共5小题：每小题2.5分。满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。LearningalanguageliterallychangesyourbrainIfyou'veeverlearnedanewlanguage,youknowhowdifficultitcanbe.Nativelanguagesseemalmostbuilt-in.__16__Butlearninganewlanguage,especiallyafterearlychildhood,canbeahugetask,burdenedbylongvocabularyliststomemorize,andcomplexcasesandtroublesometensestomaster.Ofcourse,it'sworththeeffort.Intoday'sinterconnectedworld,learninganewlanguagecanchangeyourlife.Itwillcertainlychangeyourbrain.Learninganythingchangesyourbrain,atleastalittlebit.__17__JohnGrundy,aneuroscientistspecializinginbilingualismandthebrain,sayswhenyoulearnanewlanguage,yourbraingetsrearranged,newconnectionsaremadeandnewpathwaysareformed.Thoseextrapathwayscancomeinhandy.Grundyoffersausefulanalogy（类比）：Imaginethatyoualwaystakethesameroutetowork.Thenoneday,theroadiswashedout.Nowwhat?Ifyou'dvariedyourrouteovertheyears,you'dhaveoptionsalreadyinmind.Youcouldhoponanotherroadandmaybemakeittoyourdeskbeforeyourbossnoticedyouwerelate.“It'sreallyjustaremodelingofthebrainthatallowsittobecomemoreefficient,”Grundysays.__18__Afterthreemonthsofintenselanguagestudy,recruitsattheSwedishArmedForcesInterpreterAcademyhadincreasesincortical（皮层的）thicknessinareasassociatedwithlanguageprocessing.Knowingasecondlanguagecanalsohelppreventoratleastdelaycognitivedecline.“Thereisaconsistentfindingthatbilingualsareabletostaveoffsymptomsofdementiaforaboutfourtosixyearscomparedtomonolinguals,"saysGrundy.__19__Ifyou'rethinkingit'stoolate,you'reprobablywrong.Weoftenthinkonlychildrencanlearnlanguageswithease.It'struethatyoungchildrendomorequicklylearnwhateverlanguagethey'reexposedto,butwhenitcomestoaddingonanewone,adultsaren'tatasmuchofadisadvantageasyoumightthink.__20__Ifyoupracticealotandimmerseyourselfinthelanguage,youcanseethebenefitsatanyage,especiallywhenyougetolder.A.Butlearningalanguagedoesitinhighgear.B.Wesoakthemupnaturallywhenwe'reveryyoung.C.Andthesechangesdon'thelpwithonlylanguagefunctions.D.A2012studyfoundthatthisremodelingcanbesignificant.E.It'snotsomuchtheageatwhichyoulearnanewlanguageasthewayyoulearnit.F.Pickingupanewlanguagecouldchangeyourbrain,andmayevenhelpstaveoffdementia.G.Andthat'sprettyimpressiveconsideringthebestmedicationswehavecanpostponethesymptomsforonlyaboutayearorso.第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分）Ifinditinterestingsometimesthateventhemostordinary__21__canhaveanimpactonourawareness.Mywife,mydaughterandImovedintoourhomenineyearsagoandwe__22__alotoftimeandenergyintheyardtogetitlookinglikeitdoestoday.Weliveonacorner,higherthanstreetlevel.Thereisarockwall_23__ouryard.Butattheedgeoftheyardsomerockswerethrownupontothegroundasifsomeonewasinahurryto__24__.Wecalledthisareaour“rockgarden”.Wheneverweplantedflowersorplants,DeniseorIwouldstickthemouttobringsome__25__tothearea.LastsummerIreachedtheendofthegardenandfoundatinylittle__26__thatIcouldnotinstantlyidentify.IknewIdidn'tplantitandDeniseclaimedthatshedidn'teither.Wedecidedtoletitcontinuegrowinguntilwecould__27__whatitwas.WeekspassedandasImademybacktothe__28__plant,itappearedtobeasunflower.Itwasweak,withatallskinnystalkandonlyoneheadonit.Idecidedto__29__itandweedaroundit.AsImovedawaytherocksfromthearea,Inoticedsomething__30__.ThesunflowerhadnotstartedwhereIsawthestalkbegin.Itactuallyhadbegununderabigrockandgrownunderandaroundittoreachthe__31__.That'swhenIrealizedthat__32__atinylittlesunflowerdidn'tletabigrockstandinitswayofdeveloping,weshouldhavethe__33__ofdoingthesamething,too.Weneedtobelieveinourselvesknowingweareableto__34__ourdreams.Likethesunflower,itknewithadtheabilitiestogetoutofthedifficultybecauseittrustedtheUniversalTruthandbelievedthatitwouldsucceed.Standtalllikethesunflowerandbeproudofwhoandwhatyouareandtheenvironmentwillbeginto__35__you.Youwillfindawaytogounderoraround.21. A.sunflowers B.dreams C.rocks D.occurrences22. A.spent B.paid C.devoted D.Took23. A.around B.before C.beside D.near24. A.build B.finish C.carry D.paint25. A.pictures B.memories C.places D.colors26. A.plant B.flower C.tree D.bush27. A.turnout B.workout C.figureout D.bringout28. A.beautiful B.strange C.strong D.mystery29. A.lookoutof B.tendto C.takenoticeof D.subscribeto30. A.terrible B.unhappy C.unusual D.impossible31. A.water B.sun C.moon D.sky32. A.if B.though C.once D.since33. A.power B.ability C.strength D.capability34. A.seek B.fill C.live D.attribute35. A.favor B.promise C.appeal D.praise第二节语法填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。IttooktwoyearstocompletethedesignworkfortheChineseOlympicdelegation'sentryuniform.Afterseveralroundsofselectionsandevaluations,finaluniformdesignswiththethemeof“makingagoodstart”were__36__（official）confirmedlastMarchfortheChineseOlympicdelegation__37__（participate）intheTokyoOlympics.Afterdesigninguniformsforthe2008BeijingOlympicsandParalympics,theBeijingInstituteofFashionTechnology__38__（take）onthetaskofcostumedesignforanumberofmajorinternationalsportingeventssincethen,creatinguniformsforathletesthatconfidentlyexpressthenationalidentityandimageofChina.Since__39__（they）appearanceisafocusoftheopeningceremony,__40__eye-catchingcolorlikeredisatopchoicebecauseitistheprimaryshadeinChina'snationalflag.__41__alsosymbolizesenergy,passionandjoyintraditionalChineseculture.White,__42__representsbrightness,purityanddivinity,playsabufferingroleinthecostumedesign,sowhiteandred__43__（combine）oftheopeningceremonyoftheOlympicsmakesanauspicious（吉利的）statementechoingthethemeofthedesign:“makingagoodstart”.ProfessorHeYang,oneofthedesignersbehindtheuniform,saidthatoneofthe__44__（consider）duringthedesignprocesswasthattheuniformshoulddisplaythetraditionalChineseculturalcharacterinan__45__（easy）andmoreidentifiableway.“Weneedtostrikeabalancebetweenculturalrepresentation,etiquetteandthespiritofmodernChinesesportsmen,”saidHe.第四部分46.Self-drivingisanarea______Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.47.Thelittleproblems______wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.48.Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon______schooleducationdepends.49.TheCCTVTower,______baseisanelectricalequipmentshop,isfrequentlyvisitedbytravelers.50.Ifashophaschairs______womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.51.Theworkerswillgoons______ifthedemandstheyputforwardareturneddown.52.Asimpleclickcanbringusaf______ofmusic,movies,andPCgames.53.Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywanttos______theirchildrenfromeverykindofdanger,realorimagined.54.Shestormedoutofroomandc______thedoorshutbehindher.55.Globalwarmingishavingagreateonhundredsofplantandanimalspeciesaroundtheworld.56.Don'tletasmalldisagreementr______yourfriendship.57.Shes______outwhilenoonewaslooking.58.Becauseofthegreenhouseeffect,thee