初中英语从句全

实用文档实用文档文案大全文案大全名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。宾语从句1.语述问题跟随陈述语序如：Theywanttoknowwherehewasborn./Whatiswrongwithyou?=whatisthematterwithyou?这个句子不变语序。/Ijustwanderwhatitisthatmakeshimsoexcited.2.时态(tense)/如果主语是现在时态，从句的时态可以根据实际情况而定Shetellsmethatshewillcometomorrow.Shetellsmethatshewonthefirstprizeyesterday./主语为过去时态，从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态。Shetoldmeshewouldwonthefirstprizenextyear.（过去将来时ShetoldmeshehadbeeninBeijingfor3years.（过去完成时）/从句为客观真理、定义、公理、定理时，用一般现在时Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.3.连词1.that:在句子中不作为成分的时候，可以省略。但是有些情况下that不能省略：•当动词后，宾语从句不止一个时，第二个起that不能省略。Theyknow（that）hewashonestandthathehadnomoney.•当that从句被短语或者词组与谓语动词分开时不能省略。Inoticed，forthefirsttime,thatourteacherwaswearinga

hat.It作形式宾语，that从句做真正宾语时Hefindsitnecessarythatheshouldlearnforeignlanguages.在wonder/doubt/besure/certain之后不能省略Iwanderthathefailed.(我很惊讶他失败了).where和if之间的区别Idontknowhetherornotwewillhaveanexaminationthisweek.Idonknowwhether/ifwewillhaveanexaminationornotthisweek./介词后面的宾语从句不能用if当whether后面紧跟着ornot时只能用whether./在动词discuss/doubt后面只能用whether.Theyarediscussingwhetherthemeetingshouldbeheld..what引导Themoderncitywasbeautifulinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.4.否定转移由think,believe,imagine,suppose等词引导的时候，要将宾语从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。5.例句Wemustpayattentionto(A)makesmistakes.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.nomatterwhom表语从句.可以连接表语从句的系动词有be,look,feel,sound,seem,spear..that在表语从句中没有任何意义，但是不能省略。Thereasonisthat..在表语从句中不能用if作为连词。但是可以用whether和asif引导。Thequestioniswhetherheisabletodoit.Itlooksasifitwouldrain.（使用了虚拟语气）tis/wasbecause+原因Itisbecausetheweatherwasbad.tis/waswhy+结果Itiswhyhewasfailed.6.特殊的表语从句Janeisnolongerwhatshewasfouryearsago.主语从句/主语从句中that不能省略。1.常用句型Itsapitythat.Itlskely/possiblethatItseems/happened/spearsthat..Itissaid/known/belieed/hopethat

2.例句ItsbelievethatGodcreatedthepeople.WhetherGodcreatedtheworldremainstobeseem.同位语从句1.定义当两个指向同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子，后者就叫前者的同位语。etyouandmegoforawalk.2.标志词Fact,idea,news,question,saying,possibility,truth,belief,hopepromise,suggestion,advice/HegotthenewsfromMarythatthemeetingwasputoff./Ihavenoideaatallwheretheyarespendingtheirholidays.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词1隔开。3.连接词1.that（不能省）Theideathattheearthisaroundisnotanewone.2.thetherHemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.3.疑问词Nextcomesthequestionswhatyouwanttoputinthebox.Nobodycanexplainthemysterywhyhesuddenlydisappeared.MyquestionhowIshallgetintouchwithhimhasnotbeenanswered.其他从句还有定语从句（关键），状语从句。定语从句：一、结构先行词+关系词+从句二、关系词关系词分为关系代词和关系副词关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词：where（=in/on/atwhich）,why（=forwhich）,when（=in/onwhich）例句：.Themanwho/thatisstandinghereisTom..Themanthat/who/whom/或者省略heistalkingtoisTom..ThemantowhomheistalkingisTom.（介词后必须加宾格并且不能省略）.Theman,whosefatherisateacherwentabroad..Theman,thefatherofwhomisateacherwentabroad..Theman,ofwhomthefatherisateacherwentabroad.总结：.whose+n和..,thenofwhich（指物）/whom（指人）以及，ofwhich/whomthen这三个句型可以相互转换。三、只能用that不能用which的情况.既有人又有物：theteachersandtheschoolsthat..有不定代词或者有不定代词修饰时：Iwilltellyoueverythingthat.Iwilltellyouallthethingsthat..最高级修饰或者序数词修饰时：Themostbeautifulflowersthat.Thefirstmanthat.避免重复Whoisthemanthatisstandinghere?WhichisthebookthatIlike?.有only/very/justthen修饰时Heistheonlyonethat/whoisfitfor…ThisistheonlybookthatIwanttobuy..先行词充当表语时Tomisntthebothatheusedtobe.（定语从句，先行词boy在句子中作为表语）Tomisnwhatheusedtobe.（表语从句）四、只用which不能用that的情况.非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开的一般是非限制性定语从句）Theseappletrees，whichIplantedthreeyearsago，havenotborneanyfruit..介词后用whichThereare30chairsinthesmallhall,mostofwhicharenew..避免重复Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.五、只用who不用that.先行词为指人的代词：those,all,one,ones,someone,anyone,nooneThosewhowinthegamewillgettheprize.Allwhowenttherespokehighlyofthepark..therebe中先行词为人是只用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.六、特殊的关系词as.as引导限制性定语从句时，一定充当主语或宾语或者表语。Shewearthesamecoatashersisterusuallydoes.Itissuchaninterestingfilmasweallliketosee.（定语从句不完整，as充当宾语）Itissuchaninterestingfilmthatweallliketoseeit.（从句结构完整，这是状语从句）.as引导非限制性定语从句Aswasexpected,hefinishedthetaskperfectly.Theearthisaround,asweallknow.Theearth,asweallknow,isaround.Asisoftenthecase,…..（情况往往是这样的）Asisnatural,….（很自然的）这些短语可以用于议论文写作。七、特殊句型先行词充当主语时，注意主谓一致。.thenumberofthepeoplewhoowncarsisincreasing..heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedexamination.Heistheoneofthestudentswhohaspassedexamination..ihavetwosisters,neitherofwhomareteachers.Ihavetwosistersandneitherofthemareteachers.Ihavetwosisters,neitherofthemteachers.4.therearesomepeopleinthegarden,whoseownerwasseated/sitting.therearesomepeopleinthegarden,it'sownerseated/sitting.therearesomepeopleinthegardenandit’sownerwasseated.5.isthisthefactorythat/which/或者省略youvisitedyesterday?Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisit?Isthisthefactorywhereyouworked?Isthisthefactory,theonewhich/that/可以省略youvisited?Isthisthefactory,theonetowhichyoupaidavisited?Isthisthefactory,theonewhere/inwhichyouworked?6.thehousewhoseroofwasdamagedhasbeenrepairednow.Thehouse,theroofofwhichwasdamagedhasbeenrepairednow.Thehouseofwhichtheroofwasdamagedhasbeenrepairednow.7.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichIdidit.Thisisthereasonthat/whichhetoldme.8.Ihatethewayinwhich/that/可以省略hespoketohisfather.（way句子中作状语）That'sthewaywhich/that/可以省略youtoldme.（way句子中作宾语）Hegavemethewaywhich/thatisnotpractical.（way在从句中作主语）9.sheissocleveragirlthatshelearnseverythingquickly.Sheissocleveragirlaslearnseverythingquickly.状语从句一、时间状语从句When/while/as都可以跟持续性动词As/when/whileIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Imeetmyfriend.各个连词的区别：when•从属连词，可以引导持续性或者短暂性动词，表明主句、从句动作同时发生或者从句动作在主句之前。WhenIlivedthere,Iusedtogototheseaside.（主从句动作同时发生）Whenthefilmended,peoplewenthome.（从句动作在主句之前）并列连词edoing.when.eabouttodo.When.Iwasdoinghomeworkwhenthelightwentoff.Iwasabouttojumpintotheriverwhenhestoppedme.表示原因、作“既然”的意思Howcouldyouexpecttolearnanythingwhenyoudidn’tlisteninclass.Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalktherein5minutes.2.while只引导持续性动词Don’ttalktooaloudwhileothersareworking.并列连词，作“而，却”的意思HelikespopmusicwhileIamfondoffolkmusic.作“尽管，虽然”的意思WhileIadmitthereareproblems,Idon’tagreethattheycan’tbesolved.3.as主句从句动作同时发生或者交替发生，作“一边。。。一边。。。”，“随着。。。的意思Astimegoeson,.Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.4.assoonas=themoment=theminute=theinstant=immediately=directly=instandlyI’lltellhimthenewsassoonashecomes..nosoonerthan=hardlyscarilybarelywhen倒装句，主句用haddone过去完成时。Nosoonerhadhearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.他刚到火车站，火车就离开了。.notuntilHedidn’tgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.=Notuntilhefinishedhishomeworkdidhegotobed.（倒装句）=Itwasnotuntilhefinishedhishomeworkthathewenttobed.（强调句）7.since“自从…以.来“从句是短暂性动词IthasbeentenyearssinceIgraduated.Itis3yearssincehesmoked.=Itis3yearssincehestoppedsmoking.（不抽烟已3年了）8.before“多久以后才。。。Theyhadwalked4daysbeforetheyarrived.“还没来得及。。。就。。。“Thehousehadfallendownbeforetheycouldrunout.“趁还没有。。。就。。。”Writeitdownbeforeyouforget.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+sinceItwillbe/was+一段时间+before.thefirsttimeIlikethebookthefirsttimeIsawit..everytime=eachtimeIvisitedtheteachereverytimeIwenthome.二、地点状语从句连词：where、whereverYouarefreetogowhereveryoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.（有志者事竟成）三、原因状语从句连词：because：直接因果关系，语气强，回答why问句。Since：既然位于主句前。As：由于，位于主句前或者后面For:位于主句后，表示补充说明或者推测原因。Sinceanyoneishere,let’sbegin.Asitisraining,wewillnotgoout.Itmustberainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.四、目的状语从句连词：sothat.一般放在主句后。Inorderthat..主句前或者后都可以，语气更加正式。这两个句型从句中往往有can/could/mightIwillspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.Inorderthatyoucanseethesunrise,westartedearly.Forfearthat.和incasethat类似，从句中