初高中英语衔接课

总结：主语通常可由什么充当:Goodbeginningishalfdone!初高中英语衔接课：弄懂基本概念,了解句子基本句子结构

句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句

一、句子成分♦♦♦句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。♦♦♦：句子成分：☆☆☆：（一）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。例如：划出下列句子中的主语:Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）☆☆☆：（二）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：划出句子中的谓语部分:1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。女口：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。女口：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.Weappreciatewhatyouhavedoneforus.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.Mr.Brownisanexcellentengineer.Thesituationseemsquitenormalinmyopinion.ShehasbeenstudyingEnglishforscoresofyears.Weshouldbemodestandhonest.可见谓语是由构成.或构成.☆☆☆（三）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。划出句中表语：例如：OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）Hishobby（爱好）isplayingfootball.（动名词）Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（畐ij词）Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）可见表语是由;;;充当。☆☆☆（四）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。划出句中的宾语：例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.（名词化形容词）Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）IthinkitinterestingtolearnEnglish.（it做形式宾语）宾语通常由;;充当。宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例女口：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.☆☆☆（五）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、畐词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。划出下列句中的宾语补足语:例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）Letthefreshairin.（副词）Youmustn'tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.（不定式短语）Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）可见宾语补足语通常由;;;充当.☆☆☆（六）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。一个句子做定语就叫做定语从句.一般情况下,单个的词做定语修饰名词放于名词前,短语或句子做定语修饰名词放于名词后.定语可由以下等成分表示：划出下列句中的定语.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短语）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介词短语）可见定语通常由;;777;充当.☆☆☆（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作程度,方向或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：划出下列句中的状语.Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）Waitaminute.（名词）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）（状语从句和主句之间通常有连词,表示两个句子个关系.连词起连接的作用和表示主从句的关系.）状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间状语）Lastnightshedidn'tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.（条件状语）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.（目的状语）Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果状语）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）总结：哪些词或短语或句子可以做状语;;;通常状语可以表示句子动作发生的巩固练习（一）一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.Hehandedmethenewspaper.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.Henoticedamanentertheroom.Theapplestastedsweet.二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(—)、谓语(=)、宾语(〜)：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(―)、状语(=)、补语(〜)：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!Americanseatalotofmeat一toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.四、选择填空：()1.willleaveforBeijing.A.NowtherethemanB.ThemanherenowC.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow()2.Theweather.

A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold()3.TheappletastedA.sweetsC.nicelyB.sweetlyD.sweet()4.Hegotup_yesterdaymorning.A.latelyB.late(C.latestlatter)5.TheactorD.attheageof70.A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded()6.wereallverytired,butnoneofwouldstoptotakearest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we()7.HefoundthestreetmuchA.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedcrowdedlyD.()thinknecessarytolearnEnglishwell.A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis()9.Thedogmad.A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked()willneverforgetthedayIjoinedthearmy.A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where二、简单句、并列句和复合句♦（一）句子种类两种分类法☆☆☆1、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidn'thearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can'tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Don'ttalkinclass4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!☆☆☆2、按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2）并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。Wall..TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.♦（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+不及物动词：.Wework.2、主语+及物动词+宾语：.Henryboughtadictionary.3、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：.Myfatherboughtmeacar.4、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：.Tommadethebabylaugh.5、主语+系动词+表语：.Heisastudent.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。♦♦♦：（三）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly・・・butalso…，neither・・・nor…，then等连接。.Theteacher'snameisSmith，andthestudent'snameisJohn.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,either・・・or…，otherwise等。.Hurryup,oryou'llmissthetrain.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.♦♦♦：（四）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。从句子成分状语部分的讲解中我们知道了状语从句的连接词，下面的句子主要是练习判断名词性从句及其引导词。（暂做了解，在高中阶段还要重点学习）☆☆☆：名词性从句的划分是根据从句在整个主句中的位置划分的，任何一个句子位于某成分的位置上，它就构成了相应的。。。。。语的从句。名词性从句的连接词有：that,whether（if）;what,who,whom,which,whose;how,when,where,why等。（haveatry）判断下列句子中含有什么从句：（第一组））Idon'tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.Thequestioniswhetherhewillcomeornot.Thequestionwhetherhewillcomeornotisnotsettled.Whetherhewillcomeornotisunknown.（第二组）Thathehaswontheprizeistrue.Iknowthathehaswontheprize.Thefactisthathehaswontheprize.Thefactthathehaswontheprizeistrue.（第三组）Whathesaidatthemeetingisreasonable.Idon'tknowwhathesaidatthemeeting.Iaskedhimwhathesaidatthemeeting.Thisiswhathesaidatthemeeting.Ihavenoideswhathesaidatthemeeting.Idon'tknowhowmanybookshehasread.Idon'tknowhowmuchmoneyheearned.（第四组）Pleasetellmewhenyouwillcometomorrow.Pleasetellme,whenyoucometomorrow.Doyouknowwhyheleft.Hedoesn'tknowhowhecanlearnEnglishwell.Hecan'tforgetthedayswhenhestudiedinprimaryschool从第一组到第三组中看看名词性从句通常在句中做什么成分，看看从句和主句之间有什么连接词:;再思考连接词在从句中做什么成分:;;判断用什么连接词的关键是什么？判断第四组，理解名词性从句，状语从句和定语从句之间的区别。♦♦♦:（五）高考考点探讨1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and,but,or,while,以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。女口：Wewillgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow。练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn'tthere?MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：Ihopeyouareverywell（）.I'mfine,buttired（）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（）Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat（）.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm（）.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim（）.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest（）.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden（）.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere（）.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden（）.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell（）.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden（）.MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime（）.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy（）.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside（）.It'sgreat（）!Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion（）.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer（）.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty（）.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates（）.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates（）.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime（）.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina（）?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep（）.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents（）.三、选择填空：TOC\o"1-5"\h\zGivemeonemoreminuteI'llbeabletofinishit.。A.andB.orC.ifD.soIt'sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,?A.hasn'theB.isn'theC.isn'titD.hasn'titjoyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.WhatanTOC\o"1-5"\h\zLetuspass,?A.shan'tweB.shallweC.won'tweD.willyouIsupposehe'sserious,?A.doIB.don'tIC.isheD.isn'theYouhadbetternotsmokehere,?A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyouTrainashardasyoucanyou'llwintheswimmingcompetition.A.thenB.butC.andD.or

I'msorrytohavetosaythis,youforgottoturnoffthelightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight.A.andB.butC.soD.becauseJohnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and.A.Henryhasn'ttooB.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenryTherearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,othersenjoyswimming.A.orB.forC.whileD.soDoyoufeellikegoingoutwouldyouratherhavedinnerathome?I'dliketogoout.A.orB.andC.butD.so“isthetemperaturetoday?”“It's38degrees.”A.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.HowhighYouruncleisn'tanengineer,ishe?.A.Yes,heisn'tB.No,heisn'tC.No,heisD.Heisfriendlytoeveryone!A.How,issheB.What,issheC.How,sheisD.What,sheisMarywenttobedearly,shefeltverytired.A.orB.soC.forD.yet16.Motheradresswhenshecutherfinger.A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.madeHelayinbedreadsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.A.butB.andC.orD.yetI'dreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou.A.TellmeB.IfyouwouldsaytomeC.YouwilltellmeD.IfyoutellmeAsheisstrong,canliftonehundredpounds.A.yetheB.butheC.andD.heIthoughtyouhadanumbrella.Ihad,I'velostit.A.sinceB.butC.becauseD.sodowntheradiothebaby'sasleepinthenextroom.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.TurnIdon'tlikechickenfish.Idon'tlikechickenIlikefishverymuch.A.and,andB.and,butbutC.or,andD.or,butWouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?I'dliketo,I'mtoobusy.A.andB.soC.asD.butWouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeshallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwiseShesetoutsoonafterdarkhomeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toarriveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived“Can'tyouread?”Marysaidtothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointedShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.A.whomB.whereC.whichD.whileitwithmeandI'llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.LeaveAlice,youfeedthebirdtoday,?ButIfedityesterday.A.doyouB.willyouC.didn'tyouD.don'tyouhimandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.MindB.Glanceat

C.StareatD.Watch四、按要求完成下列句子：Hedarestotellthetruth.（改为否定句）Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.（对画线部分提问）Therewillbeasportsmeetattheendofthismonth,?（完成反意疑问）Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.（改为祈使句）Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.（改为一般疑问句）Itisaninterestingstory.（改为感叹句）Thismagazinecomesout（出版）everyotherweek.（对画线部分提问）Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,?（完成反意疑问）Themoonisshiningbrightly.（改为感叹句）EnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.对画线部分提问）答案写在下面:2.4.4.Ihopeyouareverywell（复合句）.5.10.语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句（答案）练习一：一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语（间宾+直宾）；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语二、略三、略四、1~5CBDBB6~10ACBAB练习二：一、1、简单句；2、复合句；3、简单句；4、简单句；5、并列句；6、复合句；7、并列句；8、复合句；9、简单句；10、简单句I'mfine,buttired（简单句）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm（并列句）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（简单句）.Itis