2023届高考英语二轮复习：名词课件26张

2023年高考英语语法总复习专题一名词（Noun）2022年新课标要求我们需要掌握以下有关名词的知识点：1.可数名词及其单复数变化；2.不可数名词；3.专有名词；4.名词所有格。一、什么是名词？1.含义：名词是表示人、物或抽象概念的词。thePalaceMuseumboyappleshappinesswaterduck二、名词的分类【注意】专有名词首字母不要忘记大写！！三、可数名词及其变为复数形式的规则：1.含义：可用数目计算的名词是可数名词。____________、____________大多为可数名词。2.可数名词变复数的规则：（1）规则变化①一般情况，在词尾直接加____________。book-____________cap-____________②以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词，在词尾加____________。glass-____________box-____________个体名词集体名词-sbookscaps-esglassesboxes③以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，把____________改为____________，再加____________。story-____________country-____________④以-o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加____________。radio-____________photo-____________[注意]有些以-o结尾的名词需要在词尾加____________。Negroherotomatopotato[口诀]黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿y-esistoriescountries-sradiosphotos-es⑤以-f或-fe结尾的名词变复数时，一般把-f或-fe去掉，然后加____________。self-____________

life-____________

wife-____________ knife-____________

leaf-____________ wolf-____________half-____________

calf（牛犊）-____________

thief（小偷）-____________

shelf（架子）-____________[注意]有些以-f或-fe结尾的名词需要在词尾加____________。roofbelief[口诀]妻子持刀去砍狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。...-vesselvesliveswivesknivesleaveswolveshalvescalvesthievesshelves-s⑥带连字符的复合名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。passer-by-____________⑦“man/woman+n.”变为复数时，man/woman和名词都要变为复数。manteacher-____________

（2）不规则变化①单复数同形的名词：sheepdeerfishpassers-bymenteachers②单复数不同形的名词：foot-____________

tooth-____________

goose（鹅）-____________woman-____________ man-____________

mouse-____________child-____________ ChineseJapanesemeansfeetteethgeesewomenmenmicechildren四、不可数名词：1.定义：不可用数目计算的名词是不可数名词。2.常考的不可数名词：（1）表物质的不可数名词：luggage/baggage行李cash现金meat肉paper纸张（2）表抽象概念的不可数名词：work工作knowledge知识luck运气scenery风景traffic交通（3）永远不可数的重点名词：advice建议equipment设备furniture家具progress进步news/word消息1.含义：表示名词的所属关系，通常翻译成“...的...”。2.名词所有格的形式：（1）名词末尾加____________或____________，多表示人或其他有生命的名词。汤姆的玩具________________________（2）介词____________加名词，多用来表示无生命的事物。文章的标题________________________山顶________________________（3）“________________________________________________”构成双重所有格，“of＋名词所有格”中的名词必须表示_______，不能表示事物。五、名词所有格：’s’Tom’stoysofthetitleofthepassagethetopofthemountaina/two/some...＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词人我爸爸的照片_________________________________我的一些书___________________________________3.名词所有格加-’s词尾的规则：（1）单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加____________。男孩的蜡笔____________________________孩子们的书____________________________（2）以-s结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加___________。工人们的午餐____________________________（3）复合名词中，在________________的词尾加-’s。路人们的假期____________________________aphotoofmyfather’ssomebooksofmine’stheboy’scrayonschildren’sbooks’workers’lunch最后一个名词passers-by’sholidays（4）复合不定代词后加else，在else后加’s。别人的晚餐____________________________（5）如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在_______________后加-’s，如果不是共有的则_______________后都要加-’s。JaneandMary'smother简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Jane'sandMary'smothers简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)someoneelse’sdinner最后一个名词两个名词一、单句短文填空1.（2019年全国卷I）InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa________________(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.2.（2019年全国卷Ⅲ）Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletsusknowofaninteresting___________________(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.3.（2019年北京卷）Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious_________________(activity)onEarthDay.beliefcompetitionactivities冠词（a/an/the）（+形容词）+名词冠词（a/an/the）（+形容词）+名词various译为“各种各样的”+可数名词复数4.（2020年新高考I）Historical_________________(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.5.（2020年全国卷I）Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular_________________(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moresothanthefamiliarnearside.6.（2020年全国卷Ⅱ）ChineseNewYearisa_________________(celebrate)makingtheendofthewinter-seasonandthebeginningofspring.7.（2020年全国卷Ⅲ）Filledwith_________________(curious)theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.accuracyinterestcelebrationcuriosity形容词+名词beof+抽象名词冠词（a/an/the）（+形容词）+名词with为介词，后面接名词或动名词的形式8.（2021·新高考Ⅰ）Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe_________________(human)are.9.（2021·全国甲卷）Supposedlyyoucandoitintwohours,butwestoppedatthedifferentgatesand_________________(watchtower)totakepicturesorjusttowatchthelocalpeoplegoingabouttheirdailyroutines.10.（2021·全国乙卷）Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetraveler

tobecomeeducatedabouttheareas—bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe______________(develop)ofthelocalareas.humanswatchtowersdevelopmenthumans作we的同位语and连接两个名词的形式要一致冠词（a/an/the）（+形容词）+名词11.（2021·浙江卷）Itiscalculatedbydividinga_________________(person)weightinkgbytheirweightinmeterssquared.12.（2022·太原高三押宝题）Butthesolartermcultureisstillusefultodaytoguidepeople'slivesthroughspecialfoods,cultural_________________(ceremony),gardeningand

evenhealthylivingtipsthatcorrespondwitheachsolarterm.13.（2022·绵阳联考）Thepaperwasusedforsealingupholesinwallsand________________(roof)inthecoldandfreezingwinter.14.（2022·福建高三质检）“Alaya,youdon'thavetodothisifyoudon'twantto.Nobodyisforcingyou.”ThoughIsaidIwasn'tgoingtodoit,my________________(foot)carriedmetowardthepool.person’sceremoniesroofsfeetand连接两个名词的形式要一致and连接两个名词的形式要一致15.（2022·新高考Ⅰ）TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate________________(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,andeventuallyachieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.populationsand连接两个名词的形式要一致（2022年新高考Ⅰ卷）假定你是校广播站英语节目“TalkandTalk”的负责人李华，请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括：1.节目介绍；2.访谈的时间和话题。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。信的类别：邀请信

邀请信常用句式：1.Iamwritingtoinviteyouto...我写信是为了邀请您······2.It’smyhonortoinviteyouto...非常荣幸地邀请您······3.Ithinkitwouldbegreatifyoucouldparticipatein…如果您能参加······那就太好了。4.Iwonderifyoucouldcome...我想知道您是否能来······5.Howwouldyouliketojoinusin...?您想不想来参加我们的······？6.Wouldyoupleasedropmealinetoletmeknowifyoucancometo...?您可以写信告诉我您能否来······吗？7.MyfamilyandIwouldfeelmuchhonoredifyoucouldcome.如果您能来，我们全家将不胜荣幸。8.Ireallyhopeyoucanmakeit.我真心希望您能来。9.Wewouldbelookingforwardtoyourcoming.我们期待着您的到来。10.Iwouldliketomeetyouthereandpleaseletmeknowyourdecisionsoon.我希望能在那里见到您，请早点告诉我您的决定。11.Wewouldbeverygladtoinviteyouasanexperttoourschoolto...很高兴邀请您作为专家到我们学校······12.Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldacceptmyinvitat